Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária / Water is the main factor for the development and growth of communities, especially the rural ones. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the water quality and to determine the influence of natural and anthropogenic environmental factors on the water quality of Doze Passos stream. This study was conducted in the watershed Arroio Doze Passos in the Midwest region of Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, with data obtained from November 2004 to October 2009. This watershed has an area of 17.78km², where intensive agriculture is developed (mainly corn and wheat) and livestock (mainly pigs, dairy cattle and poultry). It was observed that the stream water has low quality due the high values of total P, ortho P, turbidity, total coliform bacteria, and fecal coliforms. The water the Doze Passos stream is framed in Class 4 of the CONAMA classification. The main factor of poor water quality is the presence of organic-origin manure, which is caused by land use out of its fitness ability, coupled with inadequate management of waste, and lack of environmental planning. However, water quality, in general, increases from the stream's spring to its mouth. The reduction in the percentage of arable land and field, and in the number of domestic complexes along the stream, coupled with the increase of forest area with APP and preserved, added to the effect of aeration caused by the slope, explain the considerable capacity recovery of water quality as it approaches the stream mouth. / A água é o principal fator para o desenvolvimento e crescimento das comunidades, especialmente das rurais. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a qualidade da água e determinar a influência dos fatores ambientais naturais e antropogênicos na qualidade da água do Arroio Doze Passos. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na microbacia Arroio Doze Passos, na região Meio-Oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, com dados obtidos no período de novembro de 2004 a outubro de 2009. Essa microbacia tem área de 17,78km², onde é desenvolvida intensa atividade agrícola (principalmente lavouras de milho e trigo) e de criação de animais, (principalmente suínos, gado leiteiro e aves). Observou-se que a água do arroio encontra-se com baixa qualidade devido aos altos teores de P total, P orto, turbidez e coliformes totais e fecais. A água do Arroio Doze Passos é enquadrada na Classe 4 da CONAMA. A principal causa da baixa qualidade da água é a presença de dejetos de origem orgânica, os quais são causados pela utilização do solo fora de sua capacidade de aptidão, pelo manejo inadequado dos dejetos e pela falta de planejamento paisagístico-ambiental. Entretanto, a qualidade da água, de forma geral, aumenta da nascente para a foz. A redução do percentual da área agricultável, de campo e do número de complexos domésticos ao longo do trajeto do arroio, aliada ao aumento da área de florestas e da área com APP preservada, somados ao efeito da aeração gerada pela declividade, explica a considerável capacidade de recuperação da qualidade da água quando da aproximação com a foz.

These days we all face with drinking water and not menace to human’s health water’s problem. There are the greater part of fresh water polluted in many countries of European Union (EU). Water is intensive use in energetic, in chemistry industry, in agriculture, and that’s why the flowing water of industrial establishment and agriculture mostly pollutes the rivers, lakes and the seas route of entry, unraveling natural biological cycle, natural environment of organisms, and they menace to human’s health and life. That’s why relevant and effective security of water resources protection is very important. Water protection policy has direct impact on human’s health and the quality of their life’s, thus, this sector falls among the priority fields in environmental protection policy. These days the main consideration is directed to the waist water’s treatment and to secure the quality of drinking water at the moment in Lithuania. The Republic of Lithuania has been participating in the EU waters protection policy. This is related to the important changes in water’s sector legal base, possibilities for funding the projects related to water����s pollution reduction, institutional structure and other aspects. In this master’s work the main attention was directed to the sponsorship analysis of the water sector because if it’s wanted to secure an effective waters’ resources, it’s needed sufficient sponsorship. While implementing one of the EU requests, its need to increase investments to... [to full text]