by Sam Shun-shun Lau. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-220). / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Plates --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.xi / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve (Hong Kong) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Site description --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Ecological and conservation importance --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Local and international recognition --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Birds --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Gei wais and its wildlife --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.2.4 --- Fishpond aquaculture --- p.20 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Pollution sources and impacts --- p.22 / Chapter 1.2 --- Self-purification Capability of Wetland Ecosystems --- p.32 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Principles and mechanisms --- p.32 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Treatment efficiency --- p.38 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives and Outlines of the Present Study --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Water Quality of the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Water sampling and analyses --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Statistical analyses --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Water quality in the Mai Po Marshes --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Spatial pattern of water pollution --- p.74 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Temporal pattern of water pollution --- p.77 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Correlation between various parameters --- p.79 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusions / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Nutrient and Metal Contaminationin Sediments of the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sediment collection --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Laboratory analyses --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Statistical analyses --- p.84 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Pollution loads in sediments --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Spatial variation of contamination in sediments --- p.88 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Temporal variation of contamination in sediments --- p.113 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Vertical variation of contamination in sediments --- p.124 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Correlation between various parameters --- p.131 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.133 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Behaviour of Contaminants in Sediments in a Shrimp-growing Gei Wai / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.136 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.137 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Sediment collection --- p.137 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- General physico-chemical analyses --- p.139 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Effects of salinity and temperature --- p.140 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Effects of drying --- p.140 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Toxicity assays --- p.141 / Chapter 4.2.5.1 --- Preparation of sediment extract for toxicity tests --- p.141 / Chapter 4.2.5.2 --- Microtox® toxicity testing --- p.141 / Chapter 4.2.5.3 --- Algal bioassay --- p.142 / Chapter 4.2.5.3.1 --- Algal culture --- p.142 / Chapter 4.2.5.3.2 --- Algal growth inhibition test --- p.142 / Chapter 4.2.5.4 --- Amphipod bioassay --- p.143 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Statistical analyses --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- General properties --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effects of temperature and salinity --- p.148 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effects of drying --- p.151 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Toxicity assays --- p.154 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.156 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- Self-purification Capability of Gei Wais at the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.159 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.161 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Sample collection --- p.161 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Laboratory analyses --- p.161 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Statistical analyses --- p.166 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.167 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Changes in water quality --- p.178 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Removal efficiency --- p.185 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusions / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- General Conclusions --- p.188 / References / Appendices

The main purpose of this study was to assess the negative external impact of water pollution upon water resources and the users thereof within urban areas.

The main purpose of this study was to assess the negative external impact of water pollution upon water resources and the users thereof within urban areas.

Thesis (M.Sc. Hons.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. / Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (Honours). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-117).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-88).

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geography, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iv, 49, [6] p. : ill., maps. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49).

Managing water quality aspects requires the use of integrative tools that allow a holistic approach to this problem. Water quality models coupled to hydrodynamic models are these tools. This study presents the application of the water quality model WASP coupled to the hydrodynamic model DYNHYD for two distinct reservoirs: Lake Texoma and Tocoma Reservoir. Modeling the former included simulations of water velocities, water level, and four chemical and physical compounds: chlorides, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS); and validation of the results by comparing with observed values during March - May, 1997. The latter is still under project status and the simulation was performed in a prospective way. The analysis included simulations of water velocities under current and for expected conditions, DO and BOD. Both models, DYNHYD and WASP, fitted pretty well to observed conditions for Lake Texoma and for where Tocoma Reservoir has been planned. Considering management and decision support purposes, the role of boundary and loading conditions also was tested. For Lake Texoma, controlling boundary conditions for chlorides is a determinant factor for water quality of the system. However, DO and TSS in the reservoir are governed by additional process besides the condition of the boundary. Estimated loadings for this system did not provided significant effects, even though the allocation of a load for chlorides resulted in significant changes in the trend for expected chloride concentrations at the Washita River Arm of Lake Texoma. For Tocoma Reservoir, the expected concentration of DO all over the reservoir is going to driven by boundary conditions, as well as by the management of autochthonous BOD loadings provided by vegetation decomposition. These two factors will be determinant for the resulting water quality of the future reservoir.

Groundwater contamination is a growing problem that is receiving increasing attention on the national scene. There is recognition that federal, state, and local, programs for the protection of the nation's groundwater lack coordinated, integrated policy. Consequently, much of the responsibility for groundwater protection in rural areas falls upon local elected officials and public administrators who may be ill equipped to deal with technically c01nplex issues that are becoming increasingly germane and costly for many communities. This dissertation examines a rural county in Virginia (Clarke County) noted for its progressive groundwater protection policies, with the intent of the examination to improve the knowledge base of the dynamics of the groundwater protection process in rural areas. Case study methodology, implementation theory, and ethnographic techniques are used to determine what factors and forces play the greatest role in initiating and influencing groundwater protection outcomes in a rural setting. Answers are suggested for questions such as: (1) why does Clarke County display a different attitude towards groundwater protection than many of its neighbors in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia; (2) how was Clarke County able to initiate and institute groundwater protection plans; and (3) is there a special role for the public administrator in the rural groundwater protection policy process? / Ph. D.

Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007 / In South Africa, water is a scarce resource and it has become very important to manage this resource effectively. The State developed a regulating framework, under the hospice of the Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, which protects the country‟s water resources from over-exploitation by ensuring that it is protected, used, developed, conserved, and managed, in a sustainable and equitable manner. The laws and policies governing the use of water resources are contained in the National Water Act (South Africa, 1998), the National Water Policy (South Africa, 1997a), the National Water Resource Strategy, and the Water Services Act (South Africa, 1997b). In addition some water-related functions were transferred to Catchment Management Agencies and Water Users‟ Associations, and it is their task to ensure that the strategies, laws and policies are implemented. Effective water management can only be performed by making use of hydroinformatics which assists with simulations and estimations. As a result input data will be collected, added to a Relational Database Management System and output results generated. A Geographic Information System with the support of a geodatabase will allow users to store spatial and temporal data. The research project investigated different water-related data models (ArcHydro, Hydstra, GML, HYMOS, and WinHSPF), as well as hydrological modelling frameworks (BASINS, OMS, OpenMI, SPATSIM, and TIME) to determine whether they were adequate to assist with the decision making of water-related activities. It was found that these data models and hydrological modelling frameworks did not allow users to add new datasets to their existing data structures and in many cases only had a limited set of functions. For these reasons it was decided to develop a comprehensive, modifiable, geodatabase that will function in a modelling environment which will allow users to save their data in a centralised database. Additionally the functionality provided by other data models and modelling frameworks may be linked and used in the new modelling environment. A methodology that has been followed was to first establish the objectives of the research project, gather the necessary data, investigate various data models and hydrological modelling frameworks, determine the requirements for the modelling environment, design and create the modelling environment, design and create the geodatabase, and finally selecting the study area which will provide the research project with the necessary data. The following findings were made concerning the research project: firstly, that ArcHydro will be used as example data model to assist in designing the geodatabase. Secondly, that UML will be used as a development tool to assist with the development of the geodatabase. Thirdly, that the geodatabase will be generated from the XML schema and be made available to ArcCatalog. Fourthly, that data from different users/providers (Hydstra, Stats SA, Weather Bureau, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, etc.) be inserted into the geodatabase. Fifthly, that any other hydrological modelling framework may make use of the data stored in the geodatabase. Finally, ArcGIS was selected as GIS application and Microsoft Access as a storage area.