Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 260-288).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, no. 19 (1958) no. 5, p. 975. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 389-396).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Dallas, 2007. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-197)

<p> Characterization of bacteria community and evaluation of anthropogenic and natural disturbances in surface waters quality of Sabana River in the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico. This doctoral dissertation research focused on the bacterial characterization, and evaluation of anthropogenic, and natural disturbances in the surface waters quality of the Sabana River in the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico. Monthly samples were taken at seven stations along the river during one year, and physicochemical factors such as temperature, pH, conductivity, DO and salinity were measured to explore their effect in the bacterial community. The effect of recreation was evaluated at El Puente, and at La Paila in the Sabana River, and at Puente Roto in the Mameyes River, from August 4 to September 8, 2012. Samples were collected up-river (before), on-site, and down-river (after) primary contact recreation activity. The number of bathers, and the temperature of the water were recorded. Also, four monthly sampling events were conducted under low flow conditions between May 2015 and August 2015, at two sites in the Sabana River impacted by non-point sources. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), pyrosequencing, and Colilert and Enterolert Test-System, were used for the bacterial community characterization. It was found that number of phylotypes of the bacterial community increases from upriver to downriver as anthropogenic disturbances proliferate along the river, and that bacteria are adapted or acclimated to in situ temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, salinity and pH, therefore, show little variation in time and space. Pyrosequncing revealed that a total of 12 bacteria classes, 27 orders, 33 families, 82 genera and 186 species were found in the Sabana River. There is an increase in families and species through the three stations, with the largest amounts observed downriver at station # 7. <i>Vogesella</i> spp. was the most abundant specie at the three stations, with 59% at station # 1, 67% at station # 4, and 53% at station # 7. A significant positive and strong correlation was found between the amount of <i>E. coli</i> and the number of bathers at MPRS (R = 0.919; p-value = 0.027), which means that a high number of bathers coincides with a high concentration of <i> E.coli</i>. </p><p> Also, there is a significant positive and strong correlation between the concentration of <i>Enterococci</i> and the number of bathers at Pai.S (R is 0.908; p-value = 0.033). There were not significant differences between the bacterial community up-river, on site and down river of the two non-point sources.</p><p>

<p> Many promising tools and methods developed in water resources systems analysis research have seen little uptake outside of academia. This may be due to a lack of effective communication about the research to water managers, or it may be because the tools are not ultimately useful or usable in practice. Current predominant research frameworks do not provide insight into these issues or facilitate the incorporation of industry needs into research agendas.</p><p> This dissertation introduces a structured research approach called the Participatory Framework for Assessment and Improvement of Tools (ParFAIT) that formally connects researchers and water managers in purposeful, iterative exercises to educate about promising tools, evaluate their usefulness and usability, and draw practitioner feedback into academic agendas. The process is founded on co-production concepts and involves two workshops which are designed to ultimately result in: a broadly relatable vehicle to demonstrate the tool (a testbed), practitioner feedback about the tool resulting from hands-on workshop experience, tool-specific as well as more general industry context, and definitive suggestions for increasing the relevance of future research.</p><p> ParFAIT is demonstrated by testing Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA)-assisted optimization for long term water utility planning with a group of Front Range, Colorado, water managers. The first workshop informed the creation of the Eldorado Utility Planning Model, a complex but hypothetical testbed designed to be widely relatable to participants. MOEA-assisted optimization was performed on the testbed using workshop-informed formulations of planning decisions, objectives, constraints, and planning scenarios. The optimization results formed the basis of a second workshop at which managers worked directly with testbed output in structured activities and discussions.</p><p> This ParFAIT study found that practitioners consider the information provided by MOEA-assisted optimization to be useful for several aspects of their long term planning processes, but that there are important considerations for ensuring usability of the tool itself and its output. One important consideration is the interpretation of complex MOEA results. Based on this feedback, this work presents a novel application of Multivariate Regression Tree analysis to extract system insights from MOEA-assisted optimization results.</p><p>

The industrial revolution was a turning corner in the history of water management. New techniques helped to design multipurpose projects. Industrial expansion, urbanization, and changing life styles in the developed countries have ultimately resulted in multiobject ive planning with environmental quality and national economic development as co-equal objectives. However, there are still big lags between the developed and developing countries in this respect, and even in the developed countries, theory and practices of water management are following different directions. It is also true that application of sophisticated computerized models alone do not guarantee planned objectives. Inadequate data, non-availability of funds, standard materials and equipment, skilled labor, and inadequate implementation capabilities retard the execution of plans and inappropriate operation can scale down actual achievements. This calls for a periodic hindsight evaluation of operating projects. The "cost-effectiveness approach" has been found to be the best technique as it can be applied for "ex-ante" as well as "ex-post" evaluation, comparative evaluation of more than one objective, and for both tangible and intangible measures of effectiveness. For evaluation of water management under different socioeconomic conditions, performances of the Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation District (WMID) in the U.S.A. and the Salinity Control and Reclamation Project No. 1 (SCARP-I) in Pakistan have been compared. While the American system is flexible enough to accommodate any subsequent technological innovation and can supply full water requirement for any cropping pattern, the water system in Pakistan is characterized by an inelastic 7-day fixed roster for water supply, not capable of meeting crop needs even for 500/ of the presently irrigated area. The shortfall in SCARP-I can be attributed to conceptual lapses, idealized planning assumptions, inappropriate engineering design, water quality and managerial constraints. It is also clear that the desalination plant for treating return flow from Wellton-Mohawk cannot be justified on technical, economic, and environmental reasons. The following suggestions can be made to remove management constraints in the developing countries in general, and Pakistan in particular. 1. Improved technologies may be introduced by renovating existing studies and research programs at the university level. Technical assistance available from a number of foreign sources may be pooled and reorganized to meet the desired objective. Instead of individuals of single discipline, multidisciplinary teams of professionals should be trained abroad to make the process of planning and management more effective. 2. Nucleus planning cells may be created at the subdivision level to benefit from farmers' participation in water management. 3. Implementation capabilities must be improved to accelerate the pace of project execution. 4. Operation criteria must be evolved objectively at the planning and design stages. 5. Adequate financial allocation must be made during implementation and operation. 6. More dams are needed for flexible water management, power generation, and flood control. Water control should be shifted from barrages to dams as early as possible. 7. Latest rain harvesting and runoff agricultural techniques must be introduced in dry farming areas in the upland plateau. 8. Small farms should be aggregated into cooperative units of 250 to 350 acres and farm layout redesigned, water courses realigned and lined in sandy reaches. 9. Extension service should be reactivated to educate farmers, in addition to launching a crash program on the pattern of the literacy campaign in Iran. 10. Private tubewells in sweet water zones and public tubewells in saline and marginal zones will improve flexibility of the system and save large public funds for executing important complementary programs to optimize benefits from water managements. 11. More emphasis should be laid on planning, operation, and expost evaluation of public investments in the water sector.

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Thesis (Ph. D. - Hydrology and Water Resources)--University of Arizona. / Includes bibliographical references.