Recent studies in water management policy point to insufficient recognition of water as a scarce commodity and the failure of pricing policies to account for the full economic costs of its production and supply. These costs include opportunity costs related to alternative uses of water; user costs associated with managing a scarce resource; and costs of externalities such as ground water depletion, pollution of waterways, and greenhouse gas emissions. Existing cost recovery based pricing policies may lead to inefficiencies such as excess consumption, under-investment in water infrastructure, and unnecessary subsidisation. Water scarcity can be managed in several ways. We can increase supply by investment in additional harvesting capabilities or new technologies such as desalination; we can constrain consumption so that existing supplies last longer; or we can use water in more efficient ways. As a short term measure, most countries adopt water restrictions when supplies are at critical levels. In the future, as urban population growth continues, harvesting of storm water and reuse of grey water may become part of a sustainable water management strategy. Water trading can be used to move water to where the marginal benefits are highest. Considerable water savings are possible through the use of more efficient industrial and domestic appliances. There is evidence in some countries that higher water tariffs have reduced consumption and promoted awareness of conservation. If we accept that water is an economic good, then we need to understand the costs related to its production, the patterns of its use, and the benefits received by different users. This thesis is an examination of theoretical and applied aspects of urban water pricing based on analysis of cost, demand, and welfare. We present theoretical models of cost that include economies of scale as a parameter, and a model of water demand by households with heterogeneous preferences. We determine marginal cost at the efficient level of output based on a partial equilibrium of supply and demand. We also show that when water is produced with increasing returns to scale, the efficient price will be insufficient to recover all costs, and therefore a form of second best pricing is required. We contrast conventional notions about water suppliers being cost minimisers with an alternative frontier model of cost efficiency. Two case studies examine the provision of water services under different forms of ownership. The first case study examines the provision of water to domestic households in the state of Victoria, Australia. The second case study examines the supply of water to the residents of Manila, one of the world’s largest cities that privatised its water service in 1997 under a form of concession agreement. A third case study derives an efficient cost frontier for a sample of water utilities from Asia and Australia and proposes a form of best practice pricing. The thesis concludes with a summary of the main results and policy conclusions, and ideas for future research. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1289196 / Thesis (PhD) -- School of Economics, 2007

<p>During our study trip to Tanzania we discovered one of the great issues for farmers to be need of running water. So we asked ourselves: How can water from Lake Victoria be transported to the small scale farmer’s household and farm in the most optimized way? During the stay in North West of Tanzania we made field trips to the rural areas in Mara Region in order to understand the farmers who are the potential users. We performed semi structured interviews and observations during the whole field study. We also came to the conclusion that wind is a good source of power which can be used to pump water. The wind comes in from Lake Victoria in the same direction everyday. So therefore we decided to construct a water pumping wind power station for small scale farmers.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nebraska, 1935. / Bibliography: leaves 132-138.

Thesis (M.S.)--Youngstown State University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-78). Also available via the World Wide Web in PDF format.

Thesis (M. P. A.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2009. / "Fall 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-97).

Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Peninsula Technikon, 2003. / Word processed copy. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-96). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. / Errata slip inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): T.V. Paul, James Russel. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100). Also available online.

Thesis (M.E.S.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in Environmental Studies. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-189). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ71603.

Introduction: The Office of Arid Lands Studies (OALS), the Water Resources Research Center (WRRC), of the University of Arizona, and the Arizona Water Commission (AWC) have developed a generalized data storage and retrieval system on the DEC-10 computer system at the University of Arizona for systematic reporting of water information (quality and quantity) within the State of Arizona. The objective of the on-line system is to expand the AWC's efficiency in answering routine questions regarding Arizona's water resources easily and on short notice through remote terminal access to hydrologic information. Currently, two files reside on AWIS whereby water-related information can be extracted for the entire State on either quarter- township basis or regionally by drainage basin. AWC is given authority to "collect and investigate information upon and prepare and devise means and plans for the development, conservation, and utilization of all waterways, watersheds, subterranean waters, groundwater basins and water resources in the State. . ." To this end, AWC is developing a State Water Plan, and the data residing on the two files in AWLS are part of the Plan's first phase--an inventory of the resource, current uses and associated problems as presented in Arizona Water Commission Report "Arizona State Water Plan, Inventory of Resources and Uses, Phase I, July, 1975."