No description available.

Stormwater impoundments are one of many types of best management practices (BMP) designed and implemented to regulate water quantity and improve the quality of runoff from urban areas. Studies of water quality in urban impoundments have indicated that conventional designs are however, not very effective at removing solids and associated pollutants. Accordingly, many urban impoundments are being re-designed to improve downstream water quality. However, few studies have systematically monitored and quantified post-design water quality improvements of urban impoundments. This thesis examines changes in the water quality performance of an urban impoundment (Columbia Lake) in Waterloo, Ontario resulting from redesign of the lake for the pre-design period (2003 and 2004) and the post-design period (2006 and 2007). To achieve this goal, four years of water quality data collected at the inlet and outlet of Columbia Lake as part of the Laurel Creek Monitoring Program was measured. Water chemistry parameters included total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), suspended solids (SS), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and total dissolved solids (TDS). Inlet and outlet discharge (Q) were measured to determine the water retention time in the lake. Concentrations and loads of TP and SS for the post-design period (2006 and 2007) were compared to those for the pre-design period (2003 and 2004). During the pre-design period (2003 and 2004), inflow TP concentrations ranged from 18 to 372 µg L-1 with an average (mean ± standard error) of 56±7 µg L-1, while outflow TP concentrations ranged from 37 to 266 µg L-1 with an average of 116±6 µg L-1. Post-design TP concentrations ranged from 10 to 124 µg L-1 with an average of 53±5 µg L-1 and from 14 to 147 µg L-1 with an average of 44±3 µg L-1 at the inflow and outflow, respectively. Pre-design SS concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 168.5 mg L-1 with a mean of 19.0±3.2 mg L-1 and from 4.0 to 194.7 mg L-1 with a mean of 66.6±4.7 mg L-1 at the inflow and outflow, respectively. Post-design SS concentrations varied from < 0.1 to 25.8 mg L-1 with an average of 8.5±0.8 mg L-1 and from < 0.1 to 42.5 mg L-1 with an average of 14.5±0.8 mg L-1 at the inflow and outflow, respectively. Sedimentation/resuspension dominated the TP and SS transfer via Columbia Lake. Pre-design TP loads (log-transformed) strongly correlated with SS loads at the inflow and outflow (r = 0.661 and 0.777, p = 0.0001). These parameters were more strongly correlated during the post-design period (r = 0.794 and 0.915, r = 0.0001), which indicates that particulate P (PP) was a dominant fraction of TP and that the release of dissolved phosphorus (DP) from bottom sediments was considerably decreased following the redesign. No significant difference was observed between inflow and outflow SRP concentrations. Discharge strongly affected TP and SS loads at the inflow and outflow during the pre- and post-design periods (r > 0.79, p = 0.000 for all). After the redesign of Columbia Lake, the average net internal P loading rate decreased from 198% to 22% for TP. The primary factor influencing the observed decreased post-design TP and SS outputs was the removal of sediment from the lake. Bottom sediment removal and changes to the lake bathymetry reduced sediment resuspension and P desorption, which decreased the average net internal SS loading rate from 828% to 154%. The Columbia Lake Water Quality Model developed by Stantec Consulting Ltd. (2004) underestimated the post-design outflow TP and SS concentrations mainly because it did not include terms that account for factors such as bioturbation, wave induced resuspension and biological activity.

Stormwater impoundments are one of many types of best management practices (BMP) designed and implemented to regulate water quantity and improve the quality of runoff from urban areas. Studies of water quality in urban impoundments have indicated that conventional designs are however, not very effective at removing solids and associated pollutants. Accordingly, many urban impoundments are being re-designed to improve downstream water quality. However, few studies have systematically monitored and quantified post-design water quality improvements of urban impoundments. This thesis examines changes in the water quality performance of an urban impoundment (Columbia Lake) in Waterloo, Ontario resulting from redesign of the lake for the pre-design period (2003 and 2004) and the post-design period (2006 and 2007). To achieve this goal, four years of water quality data collected at the inlet and outlet of Columbia Lake as part of the Laurel Creek Monitoring Program was measured. Water chemistry parameters included total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), suspended solids (SS), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and total dissolved solids (TDS). Inlet and outlet discharge (Q) were measured to determine the water retention time in the lake. Concentrations and loads of TP and SS for the post-design period (2006 and 2007) were compared to those for the pre-design period (2003 and 2004). During the pre-design period (2003 and 2004), inflow TP concentrations ranged from 18 to 372 µg L-1 with an average (mean ± standard error) of 56±7 µg L-1, while outflow TP concentrations ranged from 37 to 266 µg L-1 with an average of 116±6 µg L-1. Post-design TP concentrations ranged from 10 to 124 µg L-1 with an average of 53±5 µg L-1 and from 14 to 147 µg L-1 with an average of 44±3 µg L-1 at the inflow and outflow, respectively. Pre-design SS concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 168.5 mg L-1 with a mean of 19.0±3.2 mg L-1 and from 4.0 to 194.7 mg L-1 with a mean of 66.6±4.7 mg L-1 at the inflow and outflow, respectively. Post-design SS concentrations varied from < 0.1 to 25.8 mg L-1 with an average of 8.5±0.8 mg L-1 and from < 0.1 to 42.5 mg L-1 with an average of 14.5±0.8 mg L-1 at the inflow and outflow, respectively. Sedimentation/resuspension dominated the TP and SS transfer via Columbia Lake. Pre-design TP loads (log-transformed) strongly correlated with SS loads at the inflow and outflow (r = 0.661 and 0.777, p = 0.0001). These parameters were more strongly correlated during the post-design period (r = 0.794 and 0.915, r = 0.0001), which indicates that particulate P (PP) was a dominant fraction of TP and that the release of dissolved phosphorus (DP) from bottom sediments was considerably decreased following the redesign. No significant difference was observed between inflow and outflow SRP concentrations. Discharge strongly affected TP and SS loads at the inflow and outflow during the pre- and post-design periods (r > 0.79, p = 0.000 for all). After the redesign of Columbia Lake, the average net internal P loading rate decreased from 198% to 22% for TP. The primary factor influencing the observed decreased post-design TP and SS outputs was the removal of sediment from the lake. Bottom sediment removal and changes to the lake bathymetry reduced sediment resuspension and P desorption, which decreased the average net internal SS loading rate from 828% to 154%. The Columbia Lake Water Quality Model developed by Stantec Consulting Ltd. (2004) underestimated the post-design outflow TP and SS concentrations mainly because it did not include terms that account for factors such as bioturbation, wave induced resuspension and biological activity.

Watershed planning and management relies on a diverse range of stakeholders. Collabora-tive planning can provide an opportunity for those stakeholders to equitably share their knowledge and learn from other participants, but such an outcome cannot be assumed. This re-search explores the potential for improved knowledge integration in watershed planning through research of a community-based watershed planning initiative in rural Saskatchewan, Canada. Us-ing semi-structured interviews and document review, this research identifies different knowledge types involved in watershed planning, explains how that knowledge is integrated through the planning process, and derives lessons for future watershed planning initiatives. Four general knowledge types identified in the analysis—bureaucratic, administrative, local, and scientific—were also evident in the literature. Specifically, this research affirms local knowledge characteris-tics—that it is spatially constrained, heterogeneous, generated through a relationship with place, and accrued over time—described in the literature. Results also reinforce claims that clearly de-fining boundaries between knowledge types is difficult and even undesirable. Differing from the descriptions in the literature of bureaucratic knowledge as including aspects of administrative knowledge, this research proposes that a greater delineation between the two is advantageous to ensure adequate knowledge is present to support the planning process. Two broad themes of how different types of knowledge influenced the planning initiative are presented: cooperation for long-term planning—highly influenced by administrative and bureaucratic knowledge; and set-ting and achieving goals—dominated by scientific knowledge as an ecological narrative through-out the process. These themes echo the collaborative planning literature on the importance of in-cluding as many knowledge types as possible throughout the process, while also revealing the necessity of ensuring that all participants are engaged in deliberations in order to contribute their knowledge. To meet this need, context-appropriate planning activities must be selected to sup-port collaborative planning; amendments to the planning process used in the community-based planning initiative are proposed to meet these needs.

No description available.

Submitted by Hermes Mauricio Nunes (hermesmau@hotmail.com) on 2018-09-27T23:59:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Repositório Hermes.pdf: 5360373 bytes, checksum: 8d361cf5d0ea27ee5c78f15da31019a6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-09-28T20:28:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_hm_me_ilha.pdf: 5802537 bytes, checksum: 7fff782b40a8830d2b3854a9d71788bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-28T20:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_hm_me_ilha.pdf: 5802537 bytes, checksum: 7fff782b40a8830d2b3854a9d71788bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desta dissertação é aplicar a ferramenta do módulo I do modelo MQUAL 2.0 para quantificar a geração de cargas difusas por meio de coeficientes de transporte de cargas para os parâmetros fósforo, nitrogênio e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio – DBO5,20, no diagnóstico do ano de 2016 e cenários com ausência de serviços de saneamento, cenários induzidos pela recuperação de mata nativa e cenários tendenciais em relação à dinâmica na alteração do uso e cobertura da terra em 2026 e 2036. O estudo foi realizado no manancial do alto curso do rio Santo Anastácio, inserido na UGRHI-22 do Estado de São Paulo. As fragilidades ambientais na bacia hidrográfica do rio Santo Anastácio por ação antrópica envolvendo práticas de manejo em diversos níveis no uso e cobertura da terra observadas a partir do ano de 1986, um ano após a ampliação da represa e acompanhada de dez em dez anos até 2016, com o monitoramento de qualidade da água e medição de vazão pelo órgão de controle ambiental do estado de São Paulo – CETESB, no ponto STAN43. Este estudo tem como dados principais, mapas históricos de uso e cobertura da terra do manancial do alto curso do rio Santo Anastácio, dos anos de 1986, 1996, 2006 e 2016. Os resultados de fósforo, nitrogênio e DBO5,20, no ponto de coleta STAN43, no ano 2016 em foram, respectivamente: 0,214 mg/l; 0,981 mg/l e 20,457 mg/l. A importância da demonstração dos conceitos atrelados ao uso desta ferramenta de modelagem, de operação matemática simples, fornece aos membros dos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica uma visualização prática do rio que temos, do rio que queremos e do rio que podemos ter. Conclui-se neste trabalho a necessidade de ampliação dos pontos de monitoramento da qualidade da água em áreas representativas de uso e cobertura da terra para uma validação e calibração dos coeficientes de transporte de cargas difusas aplicáveis ao manancial do alto curso do rio Santo Anastácio. / The objective of this dissertation is to apply the tool of module I of the MQUAL 2.0 model to quantify the generation of diffuse loads by means of load transport coefficients for the parameters phosphorus, nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand - BOD5,20, in the diagnosis of the year of 2016 and scenarios with absence of sanitation services, scenarios induced by the recovery of native forest and trend scenarios in relation to the dynamics in the use and land cover change in 2026 and 2036. The study was carried out in the high river source of the Santo Anastácio, inserted in UGRHI-22 of the State of Sāo Paulo. Environmental fragilities in the Santo Anastácio river basin by anthropic action involving management practices at various levels of land use and cover observed from 1986, one year after the dam was enlarged and monitored every ten years until 2016, with the monitoring of water quality and flow measurement by the environmental control agency of the State of Sāo Paulo – CETESB, at STAN43. This study has a main data, historical maps of land use and cover of the high-water source of the Santo Anastácio river, from 1986, 1996, 2006 e 2016. The results of phosphorus, nitrogen and BOD5,20, at the point of collection STAN43, in year 2016 in were, respectively: 0.214 mg/l; 0.981 mg/l and 20.457 mg/l. The importance of demonstrating concepts linked to the use of this modeling tool, simple mathematical operation, provides the members of the River Basin Committees with a practical view of the river we have, the river we want and the river we can have. This paper concludes with the need to expand the monitoring points of water quality in representative areas of land use and land cover for validation and calibration of the diffusion-load transport coefficients applicable to the high-water source of the Santo Anastácio river. / CAPES: Código de Financiamento 001

Water use planning today necessitates an integrated approach that includes sustainability considerations. We rely upon our water resources to satisfy a lengthy list of needs yet we often mistreat this irreplaceable, vital resource. Members of society are acknowledging the situation and are increasingly expressing their interest in being involved in processes to address these issues. It is the planner's responsibility to respond with a method that is capable of involving the public in complex planning issues such water use planning. The identification and application of a suitable methodology can commence with the articulation of indicators of success. By being conscious of desired goals, the process necessary for their attainment is more readily identified. A study of existing literature indicates empowerment, fairness, trust and efficiency are regular indicators of success. Communicative facilitation, the product of unifying the fundamentals of communicative planning and effective facilitation, is a means of working toward the realization of these success indicators. These process components are both complemented and promoted through a collaborative effort. Both the process methodology and its application influence the likelihood of achieving the identified process success indicators. Analysis of a case study, in this instance the Coquitlam Buntzen Water Use Planning process, allows extrication of recommendations and caveats that are applicable not only to collaborative water use planning but also to complex planning processes in general. • A process should focus on reaching the best agreement possible. Allowing a range of levels of agreement while documenting points of disagreement is recommended. • A process's potential to contribute to the development of a positive precedent should be recognized. Every effort should be invested to maximize opportunities to improve levels of trust and perceptions of fairness since current processes affect future efforts. • Process facilitators should be adept in the role of facilitator, analyst, mediator and negotiator while practicing the principles of communicative planning. • It is difficult for a process to manage its schedule and budget to the satisfaction of all participants; however, the evaluation of efficiency is critical to assessment of overall process success. • To avoid confusion and frustration, it should be clearly established prior to process commencement whether a process involves the public generally, stakeholders or representatives. • Scope should be as broadly defined as possible. Although the level of complexity can be expected to increase, the benefits of an integrated approach as well as the frustrations associated with scope limitation support its expansion. Once boundaries are set, they should be explicitly articulated. As the world becomes in increasingly complex place, the planner is faced with the task of facilitating efforts for interests to work together to make good decisions through quality processes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DoutRF.pdf: 13100736 bytes, checksum: 515f9348d4125b7e6433e83b6ecaedbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-04-08 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This study relates the methodology adopted to organize the information on the abiotic environment related to the characterization of erosive processes visible in aerial photographs in order to contribute towards actions of planning of the drainage basin of the Bonito river, a sub-basin of the Mogi-Guaçu river, in the municipality of Descalvado-SP, Brazil. The area of study is part of a region highly susceptible to erosive phenomena as a result of favorable conditions provided by the unconsolidated cover material, easily erodible. The environmental fragility of the terrains, however, contrasts with the great fragmentation of the landscape. Under a GIS single georeferenced database at a 1:50,000-compatible scale, all available cartographic and sampling information was organized and compared with a photo mosaic adjusted to a cartographic base of the same area at a 1:10,000 scale, and a visual analysis of the features was performed by photo interpreting. A preliminary map of the unconsolidated material was developed from the information regarding the geological surface formations correlated with the field slope patterns, allowing the automation of the mapping in GIS. The field inspection, aided by real time navigation system on the cartographic information, made possible to diagnose the events found there. The organization applied to the collected information allows the planner to understand each individual developed feature, their causes and the reasons that contribute to it s persistence, correlating them with the local patterns of the environment fragility and compounding an overview of the events that occur in hydrographic basin as a whole. / Este trabalho relata a metodologia adotada para organização das informações do meio abiótico, relativas à caracterização de processos erosivos visíveis em fotografias aéreas, com a finalidade de contribuir em ações de planejamento da bacia de drenagem do Rio Bonito, sub-bacia do Rio Mogi-guaçu, no município de Descalvado-SP, Brasil. A área de estudo encontra-se em região fortemente susceptível a fenômenos erosivos, em decorrência de condições propícias oferecidas pelos materiais inconsolidados de cobertura, facilmente erodíveis. A fragilidade ambiental dos terrenos, entretanto, contrasta com a grande fragmentação da paisagem e variedade do uso da terra. Foram organizados, em ambiente de Sistema de Informações Geográficas - SIG, sob um mesmo banco de dados georreferenciados, em escala 1:50.000, todas as informações cartográficas e amostrais disponíveis e comparadas com um foto-mosaico ajustado à base cartográfica da mesma área, em escala 1:10.000, onde foi possível proceder uma análise visual das feições, por foto-interpretação. Um mapa de materiais inconsolidados foi desenvolvido a partir das informações sobre formações geológicas de superfície correlacionadas com os padrões de declividade do terreno, permitindo automação do mapeamento em ambiente de SIG. As inspeções de campo, assistidas por um sistema de navegação em tempo real sobre as informações cartográficas disponíveis em meio digital, permitiram a complementação das informações necessárias ao diagnóstico dos eventos encontrados. A organização aplicada às informações coletadas permite ao planejador entender os processos individuais, suas causas e os motivos que contribuem para sua persistência, correlacionando-as com os padrões locais de fragilidade do ambiente e compondo uma imagem geral dos eventos que ocorrem na bacia hidrográfica como um todo.

Orientador: Antônio Cezar Leal / Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é aplicar a ferramenta do módulo I do modelo MQUAL 2.0 para quantificar a geração de cargas difusas por meio de coeficientes de transporte de cargas para os parâmetros fósforo, nitrogênio e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio – DBO5,20, no diagnóstico do ano de 2016 e cenários com ausência de serviços de saneamento, cenários induzidos pela recuperação de mata nativa e cenários tendenciais em relação à dinâmica na alteração do uso e cobertura da terra em 2026 e 2036. O estudo foi realizado no manancial do alto curso do rio Santo Anastácio, inserido na UGRHI-22 do Estado de São Paulo. As fragilidades ambientais na bacia hidrográfica do rio Santo Anastácio por ação antrópica envolvendo práticas de manejo em diversos níveis no uso e cobertura da terra observadas a partir do ano de 1986, um ano após a ampliação da represa e acompanhada de dez em dez anos até 2016, com o monitoramento de qualidade da água e medição de vazão pelo órgão de controle ambiental do estado de São Paulo – CETESB, no ponto STAN43. Este estudo tem como dados principais, mapas históricos de uso e cobertura da terra do manancial do alto curso do rio Santo Anastácio, dos anos de 1986, 1996, 2006 e 2016. Os resultados de fósforo, nitrogênio e DBO5,20, no ponto de coleta STAN43, no ano 2016 em foram, respectivamente: 0,214 mg/l; 0,981 mg/l e 20,457 mg/l. A importância da demonstração dos conceitos atrelados ao uso desta ferramenta de modelagem, de operação matemática simples, fornece aos m... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this dissertation is to apply the tool of module I of the MQUAL 2.0 model to quantify the generation of diffuse loads by means of load transport coefficients for the parameters phosphorus, nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand - BOD5,20, in the diagnosis of the year of 2016 and scenarios with absence of sanitation services, scenarios induced by the recovery of native forest and trend scenarios in relation to the dynamics in the use and land cover change in 2026 and 2036. The study was carried out in the high river source of the Santo Anastácio, inserted in UGRHI-22 of the State of Sāo Paulo. Environmental fragilities in the Santo Anastácio river basin by anthropic action involving management practices at various levels of land use and cover observed from 1986, one year after the dam was enlarged and monitored every ten years until 2016, with the monitoring of water quality and flow measurement by the environmental control agency of the State of Sāo Paulo – CETESB, at STAN43. This study has a main data, historical maps of land use and cover of the high-water source of the Santo Anastácio river, from 1986, 1996, 2006 e 2016. The results of phosphorus, nitrogen and BOD5,20, at the point of collection STAN43, in year 2016 in were, respectively: 0.214 mg/l; 0.981 mg/l and 20.457 mg/l. The importance of demonstrating concepts linked to the use of this modeling tool, simple mathematical operation, provides the members of the River Basin Committees with a practical ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Water use planning today necessitates an integrated approach that includes sustainability considerations. We rely upon our water resources to satisfy a lengthy list of needs yet we often mistreat this irreplaceable, vital resource. Members of society are acknowledging the situation and are increasingly expressing their interest in being involved in processes to address these issues. It is the planner's responsibility to respond with a method that is capable of involving the public in complex planning issues such water use planning. The identification and application of a suitable methodology can commence with the articulation of indicators of success. By being conscious of desired goals, the process necessary for their attainment is more readily identified. A study of existing literature indicates empowerment, fairness, trust and efficiency are regular indicators of success. Communicative facilitation, the product of unifying the fundamentals of communicative planning and effective facilitation, is a means of working toward the realization of these success indicators. These process components are both complemented and promoted through a collaborative effort. Both the process methodology and its application influence the likelihood of achieving the identified process success indicators. Analysis of a case study, in this instance the Coquitlam Buntzen Water Use Planning process, allows extrication of recommendations and caveats that are applicable not only to collaborative water use planning but also to complex planning processes in general. • A process should focus on reaching the best agreement possible. Allowing a range of levels of agreement while documenting points of disagreement is recommended. • A process's potential to contribute to the development of a positive precedent should be recognized. Every effort should be invested to maximize opportunities to improve levels of trust and perceptions of fairness since current processes affect future efforts. • Process facilitators should be adept in the role of facilitator, analyst, mediator and negotiator while practicing the principles of communicative planning. • It is difficult for a process to manage its schedule and budget to the satisfaction of all participants; however, the evaluation of efficiency is critical to assessment of overall process success. • To avoid confusion and frustration, it should be clearly established prior to process commencement whether a process involves the public generally, stakeholders or representatives. • Scope should be as broadly defined as possible. Although the level of complexity can be expected to increase, the benefits of an integrated approach as well as the frustrations associated with scope limitation support its expansion. Once boundaries are set, they should be explicitly articulated. As the world becomes in increasingly complex place, the planner is faced with the task of facilitating efforts for interests to work together to make good decisions through quality processes. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate