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<p>The aim of this study was to investigate which elements that functioned in a positive way on the natural behaviors of dairy cattle among KRAV certificated and conventional farms. The study was based on reading of earlier research and completed by interviews with farmers, animal health inspectors and consumers. The results showed us that the KRAV certificated farms used only loose housing barns and that the cattle were allowed a pasturetime of five months, or more, in one year. Our interviews with the consumers confirmed that KRAV was a well known trademark. The conventional farms were more flexible in their choice of housing systems, and used both loose housing barns and barns with the cattle tethered. For those animals the pasturetime in one year were kept down to three to five months. During the interviews with the animal health inspectors it came to our knowledge that they valued elements as long pasturetime and loose housing barns to support the natural behaviors of the animals. These factors also stood well in line with our own conclusions about what would function in a positive way on the natural behaviors of dairy cattle. This was confirmed not only by interviews but also by earlier research. The KRAV certificated farms fulfilled the terms of long pasturetime and loose housing barns in a stronger way.</p>

The aim of this study was to investigate which elements that functioned in a positive way on the natural behaviors of dairy cattle among KRAV certificated and conventional farms. The study was based on reading of earlier research and completed by interviews with farmers, animal health inspectors and consumers. The results showed us that the KRAV certificated farms used only loose housing barns and that the cattle were allowed a pasturetime of five months, or more, in one year. Our interviews with the consumers confirmed that KRAV was a well known trademark. The conventional farms were more flexible in their choice of housing systems, and used both loose housing barns and barns with the cattle tethered. For those animals the pasturetime in one year were kept down to three to five months. During the interviews with the animal health inspectors it came to our knowledge that they valued elements as long pasturetime and loose housing barns to support the natural behaviors of the animals. These factors also stood well in line with our own conclusions about what would function in a positive way on the natural behaviors of dairy cattle. This was confirmed not only by interviews but also by earlier research. The KRAV certificated farms fulfilled the terms of long pasturetime and loose housing barns in a stronger way.

This practicum explores the potential role that landscape planning and design can play in improving the relationship between the public and farmers whose method of production involves an intensive livestock operation. The work involves five areas of exploration: bioremediation, odor control, climate mitigation, biosecurity, and aesthetics. Bioremediation is explored in the context of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. A new shelterbelt design, an eco-buffer, is reviewed for its applicability in odor control and climate mitigation. Biosecurity is addressed through site planning while design interventions and vegetation selection address aesthetics. The site is that of the Glenlea Research Station (GRS) belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba. The GRS is home to a major undertaking of the Faculty, the National Centre for Livestock and the Environment. A new addition to the site is a visitor centre, The Bruce D. Campbell Food and Farm Discovery Centre.

This practicum explores the potential role that landscape planning and design can play in improving the relationship between the public and farmers whose method of production involves an intensive livestock operation. The work involves five areas of exploration: bioremediation, odor control, climate mitigation, biosecurity, and aesthetics. Bioremediation is explored in the context of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. A new shelterbelt design, an eco-buffer, is reviewed for its applicability in odor control and climate mitigation. Biosecurity is addressed through site planning while design interventions and vegetation selection address aesthetics. The site is that of the Glenlea Research Station (GRS) belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba. The GRS is home to a major undertaking of the Faculty, the National Centre for Livestock and the Environment. A new addition to the site is a visitor centre, The Bruce D. Campbell Food and Farm Discovery Centre.

The population of Greater Roanoke Area during the last decade grew by ten percent. The recent growth has changed the countryside. The agricultural lands in this area has been replaced by sprawling housing subdivisions and strip commercial development. Greater Roanoke Area and its surrounding areas now face problems of traffic congestion, visual and environmental degradation due to commercial and residential growth. Greater Roanoke Area will need an innovative open space plan which preserves the natural character and unique qualities of the place. Many other regions and counties in the United States share similar concerns and needs. There has been parallel progress in the field of landscape ecology and landscape planning for better understanding of our environment. The primary goal of this thesis is to use concepts from both of these fields with an intent of developing an approach which will help both planners and landscape architects to plan and design for open space in a way that meets long term ecological needs and concerns. This thesis develops a process whereby an optimum spatial pattern for Greater Roanoke Area (one that maintains biodiversity, protects natural and cultural resources, improves water quality, protects soils, and increases productivity) is derived. This open space planning approach can in turn be used to guide other regions and counties in developing ecologically grounded open space plans. Spatial attributes, functions and the change dynamics of the landscape are targeted and analyzed to provide a foundation for an open space plan. Management priorities are then established for protecting, enhancing, and restoring agricultural lands, forest lands, wetlands, streams, and special sites. The tools for preserving open space areas are education, community involvement and government regulations. / Master of Landscape Architecture

Embora relativamente recente, a noção de Infraestrutura Verde, isto é, a ideia de que paisagem é algo fundamental para o bom funcionamento da Cidade, vem sendo amplamente aceita nos campos da arquitetura da paisagem e urbanismo. No entanto, a sua aplicação em áreas densamente urbanizadas carece de métodos adequados, uma vez que o conceito surgiu como crítica a um contexto muito diferente e específico, o espraiamento norte-americano pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. Este trabalho investiga a aplicação da Infraestrutura Verde na microbacia do Água Preta, área drenada por um dos muitos córregos ocultos da cidade de São Paulo e que apresenta muitos dos problemas típicos de áreas muito adensadas: alta taxa de impermeabilização, ilhas de calor, erradicação da cobertura vegetal original, radical alteração hidrológica, enchentes, carência de áreas verdes e precariedade dos sistemas de mobilidade e serviços públicos. Como método para aplicação, foi proposta uma adaptação no zoneamento ambiental desenvolvido por Schutzer a partir da clássica análise geomorfológica de Ab\'Saber. É apresentado um plano com diretrizes para que os processos naturais convivam com a ocupação dessa bacia hidrográfica. O córrego da Água Preta, hoje sinônimo de enchentes, transforma-se assim em eixo estruturador do desenvolvimento da região. / Although relatively new , the concept of Green Infrastructure, the idea that landscape is key to the proper functioning of the City, has been widely accepted in the fields of landscape architecture and urbanism . However, its application in densely urbanized areas lacks adequate methods, since the concept emerged as critical to a very different and specific context, the US spreading after the Second World War. This research investigates the application of Green Infrastructure in the Água Preta´s watershed, area drained by one of the many hidden streams of São Paulo and which features many of the typical problems of very compactly areas: high rate of waterproofing, heat islands, loss of original vegetation, hydrological radical change, floods, shortage of green areas and precarious mobility and utility systems. As a method of application, proposed an adaptation of environmental zoning developed by Schutzer from the classical geomorphological analysis of Ab\'Saber. A plan with guidelines for harmonization of natural processes with the occupation of this watershed is displayed. The Água Preta stream, now synonymous of floods, thus becomes a structural axis to the development of the region.

O mapeamento de biótopos pode ser considerado como uma ação prática do planejamento da paisagem. O método surgiu para conduzir a análise e o entendimento das características estruturais e funcionais da paisagem, demonstrando identidades ecológicas entre porções territoriais mediante o estudo/diagnóstico dos componentes biofísicos, antrópicos e das inter-relações existentes. Além do estabelecimento de indicativos, qualitativos e quantitativos que denotem e mensurem parâmetros de qualidade ambiental. Destarte, a realização deste mapeamento visa o estabelecimento de bases para o planejamento territorial, tendo a mensuração da qualidade ambiental como elemento primordial para sua efetivação, justificando assim, a aplicabilidade da referida metodologia, inspirada em experiências européias, onde tais mapeamentos são realizados em escalas de detalhe. O referencial teórico adotado parte de uma abordagem geossistêmica, onde a paisagem pode ser representada por um conjunto de biótopos, denotando a integração de variáveis naturais e antrópicas, configuradas em unidades homogêneas. Os procedimentos teóricos e operacionais atendem a variadas etapas, constituídas em trabalhos de levantamentos de campo, sistematização de dados, caracterização e mapeamentos. Os resultados obtidos, segundo preceitos teóricos, metodológicos e procedimentos propostos, foram organizados em forma de dados alfanuméricos e espaciais, inseridos em banco de dados com interfaces com SIGs. Assim, foram geradas cartas temáticas em escalas de detalhe (1:10000) cartografando e correlacionando as informações produzidas, traduzidas em parâmetros de qualidade ambiental, com destaque para a cobertura vegetal. / Mapping biotopes can be considering an action of the Landscape Planning in order to guide the analysis and understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of the landscape. As a method, Biotope Mapping demonstrates ecological identities among territorial parts through studies/diagnoses of biophysics and humans components, and their relationships. Moreover it measures and establishes quality and quantitative indexes which demonstrated parameters of Environmental Quality. This paper intended apply the Biotope Mapping methodology in order to establish bases to a territorial planning, considering the Environmental Quality as a primordial element to effective it as well and to justify the methodology application was inspired in Europeans experiences that Biotope Mapping is made in scale of details. The bibliographic references came from a geosystemic approach and intended to make up natural and human variables in homogeny units. The adopted theorical and operational procedures were organized in steps which were preliminary and field works, data systematization, characterization and mappings. According all of theorical and methodological precepts and practical procedures proposals, the obtained results were organized in alphanumerical and spatial information. They were inputted in a database with GISs interface, and in a scale of details (1:10000) the thematic charts were created in order to cartographing this created information, measure and Environmental Quality indexes, with eminence for cover vegetable.