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Design and implementation of an automated workflow to provide a zoomable web mapping application using artistic stylesHartl, Maximilian 03 November 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Although proprietary and free web map applications have become an important part of daily life, individual map styling has been neglected for a fairly long time. With the latest possibilities of custom adjustment provided by many services and some interesting artistic experiments, this is about to change. In the context of artistic cartography and custom map styling, this work explores the possibilities of employing an automated process for the generation of WMTS compatible map tiles with an artistic styling. Web mapping standards and techniques of non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) are considered as well as traditional cartographic representations. Furthermore, existing vector- and raster-based processes are analyzed including an interactive workflow with the open-source image editing software GIMP, which is examined with respect to its drawing capabilities. Based on this, a concept for an automated rendering process is developed and influencing factors along with input parameters are discussed. An experimental automated processing is implemented using GIMP and its Python scripting interface to create single maps and seamless map tiles for the use in a WMTS application. Different drawing techniques of GIMP, such as brushes, dynamics and masks are applied during the rendering process. Geodata is taken from the freely available OpenStreetMap project and it is stored in a geodatabase. Furthermore, the GIS capabilities of the database are used to implement custom query procedures for the creation of seamless tiles, feature simplification and generalization that makes a preprocessing of the data unnecessary. Additionally randomization methods for the estrangement and abstraction of the SVG vector graphics geometry to emulate a hand-drawn appearance are created based on non-photorealistic rendering techniques. As a result, various rendering and abstraction processes are evaluated and discussed regarding their contribution to an artistic appearance. Map tiles are created using these stylings which are WMTS compatible and can be presented in a web mapping application.
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Design and implementation of an automated workflow to provide a zoomable web mapping application using artistic stylesHartl, Maximilian 16 September 2015 (has links)
Although proprietary and free web map applications have become an important part of daily life, individual map styling has been neglected for a fairly long time. With the latest possibilities of custom adjustment provided by many services and some interesting artistic experiments, this is about to change. In the context of artistic cartography and custom map styling, this work explores the possibilities of employing an automated process for the generation of WMTS compatible map tiles with an artistic styling. Web mapping standards and techniques of non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) are considered as well as traditional cartographic representations. Furthermore, existing vector- and raster-based processes are analyzed including an interactive workflow with the open-source image editing software GIMP, which is examined with respect to its drawing capabilities. Based on this, a concept for an automated rendering process is developed and influencing factors along with input parameters are discussed. An experimental automated processing is implemented using GIMP and its Python scripting interface to create single maps and seamless map tiles for the use in a WMTS application. Different drawing techniques of GIMP, such as brushes, dynamics and masks are applied during the rendering process. Geodata is taken from the freely available OpenStreetMap project and it is stored in a geodatabase. Furthermore, the GIS capabilities of the database are used to implement custom query procedures for the creation of seamless tiles, feature simplification and generalization that makes a preprocessing of the data unnecessary. Additionally randomization methods for the estrangement and abstraction of the SVG vector graphics geometry to emulate a hand-drawn appearance are created based on non-photorealistic rendering techniques. As a result, various rendering and abstraction processes are evaluated and discussed regarding their contribution to an artistic appearance. Map tiles are created using these stylings which are WMTS compatible and can be presented in a web mapping application.:Contents
Task Description III
Abstract V
Declaration of authorship VII
Acknowledgements IX
Table of Contents XIII
List of Figures XVI
List of Tables XVIII
Glossary XX
1 Introduction1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Objectives 1
1.3 Structure of the work 2
2 Cartographic context and NPR 5
2.1 Definitions 5
2.2 Non-photorealistic rendering 7
2.2.1 NPR in computer graphics 7
2.2.2 Hand-drawn rendering 10
2.3 Cartographic communication and visualization 12
2.4 Cartography and art 14
2.5 Web Mapping 17
3 Image editing and web map rendering 19
3.1 Image editing software 19
3.2 Raster image editing with GIMP 20
3.2.1 Interactive editing 20
3.2.2 Plug-ins and scripting 28
3.3 Map rendering 31
3.3.1 Web map rendering techniques 31
3.3.2 Comparison of vector and raster based approaches 33
3.3.3 An interactive workflow with GIMP 36
4 A concept for automated processing 39
4.1 Comparison of influencing factors of a vector and raster based approach 39
4.2 Requirements and goals of automation 41
4.3 Definition of input parameters 43
4.4 Concept for an automated process with GIMP 43
4.5 Technical components 45
4.5.1 JSON 45
4.5.2 OpenStreetMap 46
4.5.3 Database environment 47
4.5.4 SVG as exchange format 47
4.5.5 Web map tile service 49
5 Implementation of an automated process with GIMP 53
5.1 Geodata setup 53
5.1.1 Data acquisition 53
5.1.2 Data import and update 54
5.2 Sketch rendering 56
5.2.1 Displacement and randomization 57
5.2.2 Hand-drawn emulation 60
5.2.3 Hatching 64
5.3 Automated processing 65
5.3.1 Configuration files 66
5.3.2 Script structure 70
5.3.3 Feature Processing 74
5.3.4 Image rendering 78
5.3.5 Output and WMTS 80
6 Processing results and evaluation 83
6.1 Results 83
6.2 Limitations and potential 87
7 Conclusion 93
7.1 Summary 93
7.2 Outlook 94
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Caracterização e modelagem do comportamento de usuários de mapas Web para reprodução de carga de trabalho e avaliação de desempenho de sistemas baseados em tiles / Characterization and modeling of theweb mapping system users’ behavior to reproduce the workload and to do performance evaluation of based tiles systemsBraga, Vinícius Gonçalves 10 November 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-11-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Web mapping systems, or Web GIS, are important tools for geographic orientation and
spatial data analysis. In recent years, the use of these systems has increased, as well as the
challenge to ensure performance while the number of users and the data volume continue
to grow. The performance evaluation is an important activity to investigate and mitigate
systems performance issues. The workload is the starting point of the performance
evaluation and is responsible for sending resquests to the system under evaluation. The
reliability of the evaluation results is related to an appropriate load. Despite the importance
of web map systems, the literature as presented little efforts to model the workload of these
systems. In this dissertation, we present a methodology to collect and analyze data in order
to create a model of Web GIS users’ behavior and to instantiate the model in a workload
generator. We also propose a generic model, named MUSe-GM (Maps User Session
Generative Model), and present a characterization of the users’ behavior using data of
the access to a popular mapping application, collected by an extension developed for the
Google Chrome browser. The characterization results were used to develop an instance of
the behavior model and to implement a workload generator. The instance was evaluated by
testing in a realWeb map system, using the workload generator, and through simulations.
The results were compared with two other models from literature. The proposed model
in this dissertation was significantly different in several aspects compared to the other,
presenting a behavior closer to the real users’ behavior. / Sistemas de mapa Web, ou SIGs Web, são ferramentas importantes para orientação
geográfica e análise de dados espaciais. Nos últimos anos, o uso desse tipo de sistema
tem aumentado, bem como o desafio para garantir o desempenho frente ao aumento do
número de usuários e do volume de dados. A avaliação de desempenho é uma importante
atividade para investigar e mitigar problemas de desempenho em sistemas. O ponto inicial
da avaliação de desempenho é a carga de trabalho, responsável por enviar requisições ao
sistema sob avaliação. A confiabilidade dos resultados da avaliação depende de uma carga
adequada. Apesar da importância dos sistemas de mapa Web, existem poucos esforços
na literatura para modelar a carga de trabalho desse tipo de sistema. Nesta dissertação,
apresentamos uma metodologia para coleta e análise de dados, visando a criação de
um modelo do comportamento dos usuários de SIGs Web e sua instanciação em um
gerador de cargas de trabalho. Propomos também um modelo genérico, chamado MUSe-
GM (Maps User Session Generative Model), e apresentamos uma caracterização do
comportamento dos usuários utilizando dados de acesso a um sistema de mapas popular,
coletados a partir de uma extensão desenvolvida para o navegador Google Chrome. Os
resultados da caracterização foram utilizados para a criação de uma instância do modelo
de comportamento e na implementação de um gerador de cargas. A instância foi avaliada
através de testes em um sistema de mapas real, utilizando o gerador de cargas, e por meio
de simulações. Os resultados foram comparados aos de outros dois modelos da literatura.
O modelo proposto nesta dissertação se mostrou significativamente diferente em vários
aspectos em relação aos outros dois, apresentando um comportamento mais próximo do
comportamento de usuários reais.
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