This study was designed to examine the relationships of multiple types of domestic victimization (i.e., physical, psychological, sexual, and economic violence) to women&rsquo / s marital adjustment and psychological well-being, together with their socio-demographic characteristics and attachment, marital coping, and social support aspects. Altogether 524 married women provided data on domestic violence (Revised Conflict Tactics Scale), economic violence (Economic Violence Index), attachment (couples version of Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised), marital coping (Marital Coping Inventory), social support (Social Support Index), dyadic adjustment (Dyadic Adjustment Scale), psychological well-being (Brief Symptom Inventory), as well as demographic information. Results appeared to indicate a general tendency that women who have arranged marriages, more children, low education, low educated husbands, no or low income, and/or women who have more income compared to their husbands report higher levels of multiple types of domestic violence. Furthermore, the findings indicated that multiple types of domestic violence account for significant variances in marital adjustment and psychological well-being of married women, even after controlling for their attachment dimensions, marital coping strategies, and social support from different support groups. The findings were discussed in accordance with the relevant literature, and their implications for clinical practices and future studies were suggested.

BAKGRUND: Humant Immunbrist Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) är en pandemi som hårdast drabbat utvecklingsländer i världen. I Sydafrika är 6,300 000 HIV/AIDS positiva. Studier visar att människor som lever i fattigdom utsätts för den största risken att bli drabbad av HIV/AIDS, då utbildning och möjligheten till val av livsstil är låg. Skam och stigmatisering drabbar både människan i fråga och dess närstående. SYFTE: Syftet med studien är att beskriva Sydafrikanska människor upplevelse av sin livssituation efter en HIV/AIDS diagnos. METOD: Litteraturöversikt, åtta artiklar har analyserats för att nå arbetets resultat. RESULTAT: Resultatet är uppbyggt under tre huvudteman; Egenupplevt och samhällets skuldbeläggande hos HIV/AIDS-positiva människor, Viktiga faktorer för att uppnå en känsla av hälsa hos HIV/AIDS-positiva människor samt Behov och längtan av stöd från närstående. Resultatet beskriver att den drabbade värderar anonymitet högt för att undvika samhällets stigmatisering. Gott bemötande hos vårdpersonalen visade sig också vara en viktig faktor för välbefinnande hos människan, men även stöd från familj. Stödet från familjen upplevdes dock i vissa fall som svårt att finna. DISKUSSION: Stigma som är ett stort problem hos den drabbade skulle kunna minskas med utbildning och spridning av kunskap hos allmänheten. Bemötande som ger människan en känsla av trygghet och ett system som är gynnsamt för individens anonymitet är eftersökt. Detta trots att forskning visar att en öppenhet uppmuntras hos de HIV positiva för att minska stigma. Rädslan är dock för stor för att detta skulle kunna bli aktuellt för många

This study aimed to examine the quality of life (QOL) and well-being of haemodialysis patients and the relationship of two components of perceived expressed emotion (criticism/hostility and emotional over-involvement) and other psychosocial resources within the Conservation of Resources Model. Demographic variables and haemodialysis related information of patients, classified as resources, were also included in the study. One hundred and six haemodialysis patients voluntarily participated in the study. Before the main study, for evaluating the psychometric properties of the Symptom Distress Scale (SDS), Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES), and Perceived Expressed Emotion Scale (PEES) a pilot study was conducted with the fifty-three haemodialysis patients. Results of the pilot study provided support for the reliability and validity of scales. For the main study, optimism, self-esteem, and perceived social support were taken as resources and were also included as measures. In order to test the main hypothesis of the studies a series of regression analyses were conducted. The results of the analysis revealed that predictors of well-being were age, self esteem, criticism/hostility factor of perceived expressed emotion and coping self-efficacy / predictors of physical health component of QOL were age, education, presence of additional diagnosis, and coping self-efficacy. Moreover, it was found that predictors of mental health component of QOL were the presence of additional diagnosis and coping self-efficacy / and predictors of the mean score of QOL were age, presence of additional diagnosis, self-esteem, and coping self-efficacy. Directions of the relationship between age, education, presence of additional diagnosis, and criticism/hostility were negative with the outcome variables, whereas, directions of the relationship between self-esteem and coping self-efficacy were positive with the outcome variables. The mediational role of coping self-efficacy in the association between resources and outcome variables were also investigated. Mediator effect of coping self-efficacy was found only for two variables. Firstly, the effect of duration of haemodialysis treatment was mediated by the coping self-efficacy for the well being measure. Second, coping self-efficacy carries the influence of the family income to the mean score of QOL. After discussing the findings of the present study in the light of the literature, the limitations and the clinical implications of the results and directions for the future studies were suggested.