After Israel’s triumphant victory over its Arab neighbors in the 1967 Six-Day War, the State immediately began a policy of territorial seizure in the newly occupied areas. Tracing these seizure practices, their supporting spatial apparatuses and the legalistic manipulations which have enabled de facto annexation to occur, this thesis uncovers not only the involvement of military officials and political figures, but also shows the complex utilization of nature and landscape for geopolitical means. From Jewish-only settlements to closed military areas, nature reserves, unilaterally-seized areas of ‘State Land’ and the cantons of split Israeli-PA jurisdiction, the creeping practices of Israeli annexation in this conflict are occurring without regard for international law or for the purportedly crucial negotiation process. Traditional assessments of the current status quo correctly identify the catastrophic effects of the continued Israeli occupation on the economic, social and environmental systems of the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Yet they fall short of realizing the unique potentialities for Palestinian resistance and subversion inherent within this same state of imbalance. This thesis therefore seeks to elucidate three ways in which the Palestinians can capitalize on unexploited opportunities within the current destabilized conditions of Israeli military occupation in the West Bank. It will argue that the agency of architecture provides a crucial means of political intervention in a protracted dispute where the traditional political figures are unable to affect change via the processes of the peace negotiations. Beyond spatial tactics of resistance, the designs herein propounded have been conceived to thrive in a political environment which is shifting, volatile and indeterminate. Harnessing instability, they suggest new means of social, economic and environmental improvement for the Palestinians while simultaneously addressing their desires to establish an independent state. Cumulatively, these design proposals argue against the futile despair felt by many Palestinians that self-determination will only come by means of the perpetually stalled negotiations process. Instead, they outline new avenues for redirecting the trajectory of this conflict on the ground, through the strategic choreographing of Palestinian actions within, and taking advantage of, the very landscape in which they inhabit.

The thesis is an historical account, given in a descriptive and narrative fashion, of the impact of Tractarianism on the life of the Church of England in the West Indies from 1850 to 1900, based largely on the investigation of widely scattered original sources. / The author examines the relationship between the Oxford Movement in England and the West Indies with a view to discovering similarities and differences and, where possible, to give reasons for the differences. / Special attention is given to those personalities, particularly the early bishops and clergy, through whom the principles of the Oxford Movement were transmitted to the West Indies. The role of Tractarianism in the interaction of high and low churchmanship is assessed. The reasons for opposition to it are noted, the strongest of which was the fear that it represented a stepping stone to Roman Catholicism. / Finally, cognizance is taken of Tractarian influence in major areas of the church's life and work, such as worship, church polity, pastoral concerns, theology, and religious education.

West Nile virus (WNV) has a worldwide distribution, with this virus having been isolated on all continents except Antarctica. The recent emergence of highly pathogenic strains of WNV associated with increased rates of neurological disease is of great concern given this broad distribution of the virus. Although two vaccines have been licensed for veterinary use, no prophylactic measures have been approved for humans. Similarly, no antivirals are currently available for post-exposure treatment of WNV. Indeed, few therapeutic agents have shown promise when administered after WNV infection in animal models. KUNV is a highly attenuated, Australasian lineage 1 strain of WNV. This attenuation is mediated in part by the limited neuroinvasiveness of this virus. Phylogenetically, KUNV clusters with pathogenic lineage 1 WNV strains, including the isolates which have been associated with 997 deaths in North America since 1999. Recently, it was shown that mice exposed to KUNV were effectively protected from challenge with pathogenic WNV. The KUNV strain used in that study possessed a single amino acid substitution in NS1 protein that affected oligomerization of this protein, resulting in reduced virus replication in vitro and increased attenuation in mice. In the present study, further characterization of this attenuation marker in NS1 protein was undertaken to determine whether it is suitable for inclusion in a live-attenuated KUNV vaccine. Similarly, mapping of the residues that contribute to the dimerization domain surrounding NS1 protein was performed to identify other potential attenuation markers for stabilization of KUNV attenuation. The mutant viruses created in this study also were manipulated to characterize the role of NS1 protein dimerization in flavivirus replication. The results of this work indicate that NS1 protein dimerization is not absolutely required for virus replication or production of secreted oligomers of NS1 protein, which are important for eliciting protective humoral responses. Although replication of KUNV was found to be highly dependent on retention of the conserved amino acid sequence within the dimerization domain, two mutant viruses were generated by introducing substitutions at residue 250 of NS1 protein. The resultant viruses demonstrated reduced replication in vitro and attenuation in mice. Similarly, a non-conservative substitution in NS2A, which was previously shown to reduce the resistance of KUNV to the host interferon response, was able to attenuate KUNV in mice. Inoculation of adult mice with viruses containing mutations at either site afforded complete protection from lethal WNV challenge. However, the substitutions described in the dimerization domain of NS1 protein were unstable, with restoration of virulence being observed in mutant viruses after limited passaging in vitro. Concerns over the stability of attenuating mutations in KUNV and the time taken to characterize new attenuation markers prompted the evaluation of a novel approach to the development of rationally-designed flavivirus vaccines. The introduction of large complements of synonymous codon substitutions reduced KUNV replication in vertebrate cells. Escape mutations were not observed in a KUNV vaccine candidate containing 37 rare codons after repeated passaging in vertebrate cells at a low MOI. Replication of KUNV in C6/36 cells was unaffected by the introduction of large numbers of rare codons, indicating that this cell line exerts limited selective pressure on the codon composition of this virus. This observation indicates that C6/36 cells may be a useful cell line for the propagation of viruses containing this type of mutation. Finally, three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which bind to WNV envelope (E) protein were observed to potently neutralize the pathogenic NY99 strain of WNV. Passive administration of one of these antibodies was shown to afford mice protection even when administered seven days after challenge with WNV NY99 strain. Remarkably, this is the same time that mortality is first observed in control groups. These antibodies mapped to the putative receptor binding domain (domain 3) of E protein. However, these antibodies were found to block virus replication at a stage after receptor-binding. Homology modeling was used to propose a mechanism for the blockade of virus infection mediated by MAb binding. This study describes the development and characterization of a promising new vaccine as well as candidate immunotherapeutics for the prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment of WNV disease. This work described herein also has implications for the development of vaccines and antivirals for other flaviviral diseases.

Bibliography: leaves 29-340 / 340 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1988

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 194-208. / xviii, 208 leaves : ill., maps (chiefly col.), (some fold.), ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1998

Master of Philosophy / This thesis 'maps' aspects of contemporary Indonesian language poetry and associational life related to that poetry from the Indonesian province of West Java, particularly, but not exclusively, in the period after 1998.

[Truncated introduction] This thesis will introduce Petra Karin Kelly, former Green politician and campaigner for social justice and environmental issues to an English-speaking audience as an important figure in the development of ideas relating to ecofeminism, nonviolence, and Green politics and utopias. Kelly, born in 1947 in Germany, spent the latter half of her childhood in the United States, and attended university there before returning to Europe. While working with the European Community in Brussels, Kelly became involved in grassroots politics in Germany and was one of the co-founders of the German green party, Die Grunen, (literally: the Greens) in 1979. She was to become a formidable politician through her passion for grassroots politics, nonviolence and feminism and her excellent leadership skills. Later ostracised by the party, due in part to her inability and unwillingness to conform to party rules, Kelly worked independently, giving speeches and promoting peace and the importance of human rights. However, at the age of 44, she was murdered by her partner, Gert Bastian, who then shot himself. It should be noted that texts so far written on Petra Kelly have been essentially biographies, which, while encompassing much of her academic and political life, focus heavily upon her personal life, in particular her relationships with married men, and her long term relationship with former NATO General Gert Bastian ... Therefore, the aim of the dissertation is not to ignore the importance of personal matters, rather to ensure a professional approach towards them. For this reason, the focus of this sociopolitical and sociohistorical thesis is upon the elements of ecofeminism, nonviolence and utopia as they relate to Petra Kelly’s politics, both within her role with Die Grunen and in her political life outside of German parliament.

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 22 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 21).

Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2007. / "A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Under the direction of William S. Irby. ETD. Electronic version approved: May 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-39)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1896 / "Published by authority of law and with the approval of the regents of the University." Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74). Also issued in print and microfiche.