Copies no. 3007841664 and 3007841665 are photocopies of the original. / Thesis (MScAgric)-- University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Buchu (Agathosma betulina and A. crenulata) are grown commercially as an aromatic crop and are endemic to the Western Cape of South Africa. Poor rooting of cuttings have limited the development of superior clones. Under standard mist bed conditions terminal, sub-terminal or basal stem cuttings were taken from March to August. When not treated with an auxin, rooting percentages of between 20 and 25 were obtained. Rooting percentages increased to between 40 and 45 after treatment with 500-1000 ppm indolebutyric acid (lBA). Substituting lBA with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not improve rooting. There was a tendency for cuttings with fewer than four leaf pairs to give lower rooting percentages. Plants of Agathosma betulina x A. crenulata, grown in Paarl, and A. betulina, grown in Piketberg, were used as source plants for making cuttings. Paarl plants were shaded with 80 percent shade and Piketberg plants with 60 or 80 percent shade respectively from February to October 2002. Plants in full sun served as a control. Plants were pruned back initially in February and then two months before samples were taken in March, June, August and October at both locations. New shoots were used as cuttings. Terminal cuttings for rooting and for carbohydrate analyses were collected on four different dates (March, June, August and October). Cuttings were treated with 500 ppm indolebuteric acid (lBA) and placed in misting beds with bottom heating (18-25°C) for a period of three months. Shading reduced rooting of cuttings from the Paarl plants. However, it did not significantly increase rooting of cuttings taken from Piketberg plants. Rooting percentage was the highest in August (43%) for cuttings from sun grown plants in Paarl. No consistent relationship between, respectively, dry mass or carbohydrate content of cuttings and rooting could be established. Terminal current years' growth, taken from Agathosma crenulata x A. betulina (hybrid) softwood cuttings, collected in January 2002, were extracted with methanol and fractioned by thin layer chromatography (Silica gel) in isopropanol: acetic acid: water (4: 1:1 v/v). The chromatographs were divided in ten fractions and were bio-assayed for a rooting co-factor with the mung bean rooting test. Extracts from buchu cuttings showed significant activity at the Rf values of co-factor 3. Co-factors 1,2 and 4 do not seem to be present in significant quantities. However, co-factors with Rf values different from previous reported values were present in significant quantities. No inhibition was found in buchu. In fact, all Rf values stimulated rooting. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Boegoe (Agathosma betulina x A. crenulata) word kommersieël verbon as 'n aromatiese gewas en is endemies tot die Wes-Kaap. Die ontwikelling van superieure klonale materiaal word beperk deur swakbeworteling. Terminale, sub-terminale en basale steggies is gesnyonder standaard misbed toestande van Maart tot Augustus. Beworteling was tussen 20 en 25 persent as geen ouksien gebruik word nie. As indolebottersuur (IBS) gebruik word tussen 500-1000 dpm, verhoog die bewortelingspersentasie tot tussen 40 en 45 persent. Die gebruik van naftaleen asynsuur (NAS) in plaas van IBS het nie beworteling verbeter nie. Daar was a tendens dat steggies wat minder as vier blaarpare gehad het 'n verlaging in bewortelingspersentasies gehad het. Plante van Paarl, A. betulina x A. crenulata, en Piketberg, A. betulina, is gebruik as plantmateriaal vir steggies. Plante in die Paarl was onder 80 persent skadu geplaas en plante in Piketberg onder 60 en 80 persent skadu van Februarie tot Oktober 2002. Plante in vol son was as 'n kontrole gebruik. Plante was eers in Februarie teruggesny en dan weer twee mande voor monsters geneem is. Die monsters is in Maart, Junie, Augustus en Oktober geneem in beide liggings. Terminale steggies is vier keer ingesamel (Maart, Junie, Augustus en Oktober) vir beworteling en koolhidraat analises. Die steggies is met 500 dpm IBS behandel. Daarna is die steggies vir drie maande in die misbed geplaas met bodem-verhitting (18- 25°C). Dit is gevind dat die gebruik van skadu die beworteling in Paarl verminder het alhoewel die beworteling in Piketberg nie beduidend beinvloed is nie. Die hoogste bewortelingspresentasies is waargeneem in Augustus (43%) in Paarl van plante wat in vol son was. Geen verband tussen onderskeidelik die droe massa of koolhidraat inhoud en beworteling kon gevind word nie. Terminale steggies van dieselfte jaar se groei van Agathosma betulina x A. crenulata (hibried) is in Januarie 2002 ingesamel. Die materiaal is geëkstraheer en gefraksioneer deur dunlaag kromatografie in isopropanol: asynsuur: water (4: 1:1 v/v). Die kromograaf is in 10 fraksies verdeel. Die fraksies was bioassaieer VIr beworteling ko-faktore met die mungboontjie bewortelingstoets. Die ekstrakte van boegoe het beduidende aktiwiteit by die Rf waardes van ko-faktor 3 getoon. Ko-faktore 1, 2 en 4 is nie in groot genoeg hoeveelhede waargeneem nie. Ko-faktore, wat nie voorheen gevind is nie, is waargeneem in beduidende hoeveelhede. Geen inhibitors is in boegoe gevind nie en al die getoetste ko-faktore het beworteling gestimuleer.

Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African health care system is tormented by various challenges ranging from income inequalities, extreme resource scarcities to discrimination and violence. This makes the health care industry a tough work environment for health care personnel to operate in. South Africa has experienced the loss of thousands of nurses over the past decade, either emigrating or leaving the nursing profession altogether (Tshitangano, 2013). Consequently, this trend drew the attention to the well-being of nurses in South Africa. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the level of work engagement among private sector nurses in the Western Cape, together with their levels of job demands, job resources, personal resources, performance and job crafting. This was done using the Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) of work engagement. The comprehensive JD-R model was tested and the validity of the proposed relationships between the constructs was examined. Moreover, additional paths in the model were proposed and tested. Managerial implications along with practical interventions were derived from the results with the aim to increase nurse well-being and retention. An ex post facto correlational design was used to test the formulated hypotheses in this research study. Quantitative data were collected from 311 nurses employed by a private hospital group by means of non-probability convenience sampling. A self-administered paper copy survey was distributed to hospitals given that they agreed to participate in the research. The survey was voluntary, anonymous and confidential. The survey consisted of five sections and included questions from five existing questionnaires, namely, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003), the Job Demands-Resources Scale (Rothman, Mostert & Strydom, 2006), the Work Design Questionnaire (Morgeson & Humhprey, 2006), the Psychological Capital Self-Rated Version (PsyCap-24) (Luthans, Avolio, Avey & Norman, 2006), and the Job Crafting Scale (Tims, Bakker & Derks, 2012). In order to test the statistical significance of the hypotheses, the data were subjected to Structural Equation modelling and regression analyses. The results indicated that the nurses experienced a high level of work engagement, and elucidated the fact that job resources, job demands, and job crafting aspects of their jobs are in need of industrial psychologist or managerial interventions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse gesondheidsisteem word geteister deur verskeie uitdagings wat onder andere inkomste ongelykhede, ekstreme hulpbron skaarshede, diskriminasie en geweld insluit. Dit maak die gesondheidsindustrie ʼn moeilike werksomgewing vir gesondheidspersoneel om in te werk. Suid-Afrika het duisende verpleegsters oor die laaste dekade verloor as gevolg van emigrasie, terwyl ander die professie in geheel verlaat het (Tshitangano, 2013). Gevolglik het hierdie tendens die aandag getrek na die welstand van verpleegsters in Suid-Afrika. Die primêre doel van hierdie studie was om die vlak van werksbetrokkenheid onder ʼn steekproef van privaatsektor verpleegsters in die Wes-Kaap te ondersoek, tesame met hulle vlakke van werkseise, werkshulpbronne, persoonlike hulpbronne, werksprestasie en posverryking. Die Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) of work engagement is vir hierdie doel ingespan. Die omvattende model tesame met die geldigheid van die voorgestelde verhoudings tussen die konstrukte is getoets. Addisionele verhoudings is ook voorgestel en getoets. Bestuursimplikasies en praktiese intervensies is van die resultate afgelei en word aan bestuurders voorgelê as moontlike oplossings om verpleegsters se welstand en retensie te verhoog. ʼn Ex post facto korrelasie-ontwerp is gebruik om die geformuleerde hipoteses in hierdie studie te toets. Kwantitatiewe data is van 311 verpleegsters ingesamel wat deur ʼn private hospitaalgroep in diens geneem word. Nie-waarskynlikheid gerieflikheidsteekproeftrekking is gebruik om die steekproef te bepaal. ʼn Self-geadministreerde vraelys is ontwikkel en as harde kopie uitgestuur na dié hospitale wat ingestem het om aan die navorsing deel te neem. Die vraelys is vrywillig, anoniem en konfidensieel ingevul en het uit vyf seksies bestaan. Die vyf seksies se vrae is opgemaak uit verskeie bestaande vraelyste, naamlik, die Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003), die Job Demands-Resources Scale (Rothman, Mostert & Strydom, 2006), die Work Design Questionnaire (Morgeson & Humhprey, 2006), die Psychological Capital Self-Rated Version (PsyCap-24) (Luthans, Avolio, Avey & Norman, 2006), en die Job Crafting Scale (Tims, Bakker & Derks, 2012). Ten einde die statistiese beduidendheid van die hipoteses te toets, is die data deur strukturele vergelykingsmodellering en regressie-ontledings ontleed. Die resultate dui daarop dat die verpleegsters 'n hoë vlak van werksbetrokkenheid ervaar, en dat werkshulpbronne, werkseise en posverrykende aspekte van hulle werk bestuurs- of bedryfsielkundige intervensies verlang.

The aim of this research was to determine the perceptions of school climate of 178 educators of six primary schools in the Southern Cape. Two instruments, namely The Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire Rutgers Elementary (OCDQ-RE) and Dimensions of Organizational Health Inventory of Elementary Schools (OHI-E) were used. The results indicated that primary school educators in the Southern Cape perceived their relations with their principals as more closed, while educator-educator relations were being perceived as more open of nature. The typical climate prototype for the relevant primary schools, was an engaged school climate. Regarding the overall organizational health of primary schools, average health profiles were found. A significant relationship was found between the perceptions of primary school educators with regard to organizational climate and organizational health. A significant difference between educators of different primary schools was found regarding their perceptions of all the different dimensions of both organizational climate and health. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Education Management)

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Business Administration in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013 / The shift in the employability skills required by employers has meant that, over and above their qualifications, graduates now need to have a set of specific skills that will enable them to be productive in the workplace. The basis for this study stems from the hypothesis that the intense competition for employment among graduates has meant that prospective employers now have a say in the attributes that are needed for potential employment. It is now no longer adequate for graduates to have a qualification, but to have, over and above the degree, specific employability skills that will enable them to be productive in the workplace. This study investigates the employability skills of analytical chemistry graduates at a university of technology for potential employers in the Western Cape. This was determined through a mixed-method approach, using both qualitative and quantitative research, and conducted amongst employers of analytical chemistry graduates in the chemical, cosmetic, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. In order to investigate the relevance of the employability skills, the following questions were asked: a. What skills are employers of new analytical chemistry graduates looking for in potential employees? b. What are the skills that past and current employers of analytical chemistry students, and graduates from the university of technology under investigation, have identified as important in these students and graduates? c. Is there congruence between the skills required by potential employers and those demonstrated by analytical chemistry graduates from the university of technology under investigation? This study was the basis for a potential further investigation into the development of a curriculum that will enable students to acquire the skills required by industry.

Thesis (MTech (Education and Social Sciences))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009 / This study examines the nature and the extent of school gang activity and how it impacts on learner academic performance in South African township schools. The research evidence shows that learners in South Africa have been exposed to widespread school gang activity leading to poor learner academic performance in the township schools. The effects of the phenomenon of school gang activity on learner academic performance are given a more insightful understanding of its effects. The literature review supports the central argument that school gang activity persists in South African schools, especially in the townships. In addition, the literature provides both international and local perspectives of the high prevalence of school gang activity and claims that it results in an insecure teaching and learning environment. The specific research design selected for the study is a phenomenological study and is qualitative, explorative and descriptive in nature. A semi-structured interview method was employed to gather the data required. The findings of the study reveal that many learners in the township schools experience direct incidences of school gang activity either at school or on the way to or from school. In addition, the findings reveal that feelings of insecurity are most intense in the classroom situation because the opportunities to escape danger are minimal. The conclusions drawn from the study are that classrooms are dangerous places and this impacts on the ability of learners to achieve academically. Based on the findings, this mini-dissertation recommends collaborative efforts of all role-players to interact and produce amicable strategies and solutions that will decrease the occurrence of school gang activities and school violence. Gang activity in schools severely hinders learner academic performance. Hence incorporating interdisciplinary perspectives, involving activities such as teamwork and programme development can provide some solutions. This mini-dissertation is dedicated to my little angel, Avuyile Boqwana, in memory of the day she was born. I said that day, "A professor is born in my house," trusting that my wishes will be fulfilled one day. As young as she is, she is the source of all my inspirations to pursue life-long learning. My little is a source of motivation every time I look at her. She is my hope for the future. It was her enduring love when she always missed her bedtimes waiting for me to come back from my late tiring sessions that provided "the wind beneath my wings" to complete this educational journey.

Thesis (DTech(Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010 / Research has shown that there are a significant percentage of educators and school management teams who do not apply internal moderation of assessment as quality assurance process in the Western Cape Schools. This study is aimed at the Further Education and Training Band (FET) of the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) and Tourism as subject will be used in order to do the research. From the literature it is evident that the concept of internal moderation of assessment can be interpreted differently. Amongst schools and school management teams there are also often different opinions about the process and application of the internal moderation of assessment. Two questionnaires were given to selected schools to complete. The first questionnaire was completed by Tourism subject teachers and the second questionnaire by the principal and school management team. Checking regulations were built in to check the educators’ answers. This ensures that the questionnaires can be interpreted reliably. The emphasis on internal moderation as a function of quality assurance shifts to the school in its unique context. The importance of a moderation system in schools has already been proven. From the research it is clear that schools are on different levels of development in terms of internal moderation. The data analysis indicated clearly that there are also different needs in terms of internal moderation at schools. Firstly, subject educators and subject heads indicate their own needs on micro-level and then also the school management teams on meso-level. Instruments were developed for both groups in order to support them with the moderation process on their levels. Although quite an amount of training in internal moderation was done in the Western Cape schools, there are no intervention programmes based on the guidelines of the NCS to enhance and support the moderation process in schools. The Quality Monitor programme (which also consists of a number of checklists), is aimed at simplifying the examination system for educators and school management teams, as required by the NCS and Umalusi. During the evaluation of the Quality Monitor, the effect of the programme on the examination results of the experimental group of Grade 11 learners was compared with those results of the previous year. Although there was an improvement in the examination results, all schools in the experimental group had grown from a low basis. To summarise, it can therefore be said that the Quality Monitor programme is a very useful interim solution for the enhancement of the quality of assessment tasks and examinations for Western Cape schools. The long term effect of this Quality Monitor programme will have to be determined.

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / Given that numerous research studies have established the important role that attachment plays in the development of internalizing disorders in children, it is important to ensure that the clinical psychologists working within this population and within this category of disorders are aware of this link. This will help ensure that they intervene adequately and appropriately. Although there is some emerging research on psychologists' perceptions and practices regarding the assessment of internalizing disorders, there is very little available information to date specifically addressing clinical psychologists' perceptions and understandings regarding the influence of attachment on the development of internalizing disorders in children. This study aimed to explore how clinical psychologists operationalize internalizing disorders in children and how they understand the link between infant-caregiver attachment and internalizing disorders in children. Parents/caregivers from low income, high violence communities are a vulnerable group in South Africa, and as a result, it is becoming increasingly important to explore how clinicians understand the development of children growing up in conditions where the nature of parenting is taking place under conditions of pervasive adversity. As such, this study explored the perceptions of clinical psychologists working in low income, high violence communities within Cape Town. This research was conducted using a qualitative research approach that makes use of in-depth individual interviews. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and then transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. A sample size of eight participants was recruited using a purposive, snowball sampling technique. All ethical considerations were adhered to and appropriate ethical clearance was obtained from all relevant ethical committees. Object relations theory provided the theoretical framework through which data was interpreted. A specific focus on attachment theory was incorporated. Findings suggest that although clinicians acknowledge and accept the important influencing factor of infant-caregiver attachment on the development of internalizing disorders in children, very few clinical psychologists make use of attachment theory as their primary theoretical or therapeutic orientation. Participants highlighted the importance of an integrative approach to the understanding of childhood pathology and made reference to the fact that the impact of attachment relationships needs to be considered in conjunction with other risk factors that predispose children to the development of internalizing disorders. Given the importance that participants placed on systemic and contextual factors influencing the attachment relationship, future research could investigate the role of a multi-disciplinary approach to the treatment of internalizing disorders in children. Further research also needs to be conducted that examines the efficacy of attachment-based conceptualizations and interventions in diminishing internalizing problems in children, and the way that these are perceived by the clinical psychologists working with these behaviours.

Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych) / The subculture of gang violence has become a most feared phenomenon in many povertystricken communities in South Africa and especially in the Western Cape. The gang violence that is prevalent in these communities affects mostly the adolescents, who are supposed to be ‘the leaders of tomorrow’. The purpose of this research study was to focus on adolescents in a community where gang violence is rife and in turn reveals their perceptions on gang violence, what the causes of gang violence are and how they are affected by it as expressed in their own words. The researcher establishes the significance and necessity of focusing on adolescents as influenced by gang violence through a phenomenological exploration of their lives. The position that is developed affirms that adolescents are adversely affected by gang violence both from a behavioral and cognitive standpoint. The dire extent of gang violence on these adolescents’ lives is illustrated by using Fanon’s six dimensions of violence. Furthermore various theoretical hypotheses are provided to explain the or igin of gang violence in comparison to the explanations expressed by the adolescents themselves from the interviews conducted. The study is concluded with recommendations extracted from relevant literature as well as comments expressed by the participants of this study. The main limitation within this study was the lack of research outputs within the South African context on the topic of how gang violence affects adolescents who are not gang members. The rich information produced by this study in conducting in-depth interviews with adolescents makes this study significant. / South Africa

Magister Educationis - MEd / Large numbers of students tend to experience failure and dropout in their first year at university. The fundamental aim of this research was to explore protective factors that could foster resilience amongst first year students. It is hoped that resilience research can give young adults the skills and support to survive academic challenges with the help of the university. This study undertook to determine resilience traits that could contribute to academic success. Students who enrolled at the University of the Western Cape for the first time during the year 2003 participated in this study. / South Africa

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / This research investigated experiences of the Saamwerk equity scheme as a framework to analyze the ways in which the scheme has achieved the objectives of land reform. It reviewed the role of this scheme in relation to the experiences and perceptions of beneficiaries about the extent to which this scheme has or has not improved their living conditions. / South Africa