Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy) / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

No description available.

A canned whole wheat product was developed. The effects of variety, salt and process time on texture, thiamine content and percent moisture were investigated. A minimum safe process was determined. A safe process was calculated to be 9.5 minutes and 11.5 minutes at 121°C (250°F) for Soft Red Winter (SRW) wheat and Kansas Hard Red Winter (HRW) wheat, respectively. The SRW wheat exhibited a more tender texture, higher thiamine content after processing and a higher percent moisture than the HRW wheat. Salt added during canning increased the toughness of the wheat as compared to no added salt and required an increased process time to achieve a texture similar to the no salt added wheat. Thiamine content was not affected by added salt when calculated on a dry weight basis. Length of process time was directly related to thiamine destruction. Water absorbed by the wheat was found to have a diluting effect on thiamine content of canned wheat. Salt had an inhibiting effect on moisture absorption and the percent moisture was related to toughness. Increased moisture tenderized the product. Excessive moisture at the 64 minute process time resulted in a gummy, unappealing product. Thiamine content of the canned wheat compared favorably with values for other food products such as canned lima beans and peas. / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1980.

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship of the protein and lipid content of soft wheat flour to baking quality and their changes as a result of chlorination. Coker 916, soft red winter wheat, was grown under different fertilization treatments involving rate and application time to alter protein content. One-half of all flour treatments were subjected to chlorination. The lipid and protein content, gliadin and glutenin composition, microstructure, rheological properties, ash, pH and color were examined. Baked angel food cakes were evaluated by volume, tenderness, color, cohesiveness, crumb structure and microstructure (SEM). Gelatinization temperatures of batters were measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Sensory analysis was judged by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). Increased levels of fertilization of the grain increased the protein content (8-11%) of the flour. Cakes from flours of Increased protein content were significantly lower in volume than cakes of flours of lower protein content. Chlorination decreased protein content in flour which affected the glutenin composition in some flours. Gliadin content remained unchanged. Doughs of chlorinated flours were significantly less stable as measured by mixing time stability and mixing time index. Chlorination decreased the unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). There was strong correlation between evenness of cell structure and the decrease of fatty acids 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3 with chlorination. Phospholipids which were qualitatively evaluated were implicated with cell evenness. Cakes of chlorinated flours were significantly less in volume and tenderness, but the structure showed complete starch gelatinization, increased whiteness and cell evenness. Sensory data correlated significantly with objective data. Chlorination of flour stabilized the structure of the baked product. Low protein and decreased FAME content improved the baking properties of the flour. Flours of lower protein and a lower lipid content that are chlorinated are recommended for baked products such as cakes and biscuits. / Ph. D.

Há um novo contexto de crescimento demográfico, de acréscimo na renda em países emergentes, de urbanização, e consequentemente uma alteração no perfil do consumo de alimentos em relação à quantidade e qualidade. Acompanhando a tendência mundial, no Brasil ocorre uma mudança de hábitos da população do consumo dos alimentos in natura para os processados. O crescimento da demanda interna e externa pode representar grandes oportunidades para as empresas, mas também exigir um maior nível tecnológico, ou seja, inovação. Considerada como uma das principais fontes direcionadoras da competitividade empresarial, a inovação passa a ter um maior destaque em indústrias produtoras de alimentos, como a de derivados de trigo. O presente estudo buscou identificar os fatores que potencialmente influenciam ou determinam a inovação nas empresas da indústria de derivados de trigo no Brasil. Verificou-se que a maioria das empresas não está inovando. As que produzem ou adotam algum tipo de inovação são, em sua maioria, inovações de produto e novas somente para a empresa. O esforço das empresas em P&D está relacionado com a probabilidade da empresa inovar. O tamanho da empresa, a existência formal de um departamento de P&D, uma maior integração na cadeia produtiva e a atenção voltada aos sinais de mercado foram determinantes para a intensidade inovativa das empresas. Pode-se afirmar que as inovações vem colaborando de uma forma positiva com o desempenho das empresas. Contudo, o seu desenvolvimento enfrenta barreiras, sendo o fator econômico a principal restrição. Estes resultados demonstram que inovar não é um processo aleatório ou imprevisível, mas sim algo complexo e diversificado, que pode ser específico para cada indústria. / A change in food consumption profile is occurring because of the new context of demographic growth, the increase in income in developing economies, and urbanization. Following the global trend, in Brazil, a change in habits of consumption of fresh to processed food is occurring. The greater economic openness and the growth of domestic and external demand can represent great opportunities for businesses, however require a higher technological level (innovation). Being considered as one of the main driving forces of business competitiveness, a greater emphasis is now given to the innovation process on food industry, such as the wheat industry. The aim of this study was to identify factors that have a potential influence or determine innovation in wheat industry in Brazil. Results showed that most companies have not innovated in the past year. The kind of innovation more frequently reported by the ones which innovate were in products and new only to the firm. The size of the company, the formal existence of a department of R & D, the greater integration in the supply chain and the attention paid to market signals were decisive for the intensity of innovation in companies. Innovations have a positive collaboration on the business performance. However, some barriers can exist, limiting the development of innovations, being the economic factor of major contribution. These results demonstrate that innovation is not a random or unpredictable process, but a complex and diverse process that may be specific to each industry.

Há um novo contexto de crescimento demográfico, de acréscimo na renda em países emergentes, de urbanização, e consequentemente uma alteração no perfil do consumo de alimentos em relação à quantidade e qualidade. Acompanhando a tendência mundial, no Brasil ocorre uma mudança de hábitos da população do consumo dos alimentos in natura para os processados. O crescimento da demanda interna e externa pode representar grandes oportunidades para as empresas, mas também exigir um maior nível tecnológico, ou seja, inovação. Considerada como uma das principais fontes direcionadoras da competitividade empresarial, a inovação passa a ter um maior destaque em indústrias produtoras de alimentos, como a de derivados de trigo. O presente estudo buscou identificar os fatores que potencialmente influenciam ou determinam a inovação nas empresas da indústria de derivados de trigo no Brasil. Verificou-se que a maioria das empresas não está inovando. As que produzem ou adotam algum tipo de inovação são, em sua maioria, inovações de produto e novas somente para a empresa. O esforço das empresas em P&D está relacionado com a probabilidade da empresa inovar. O tamanho da empresa, a existência formal de um departamento de P&D, uma maior integração na cadeia produtiva e a atenção voltada aos sinais de mercado foram determinantes para a intensidade inovativa das empresas. Pode-se afirmar que as inovações vem colaborando de uma forma positiva com o desempenho das empresas. Contudo, o seu desenvolvimento enfrenta barreiras, sendo o fator econômico a principal restrição. Estes resultados demonstram que inovar não é um processo aleatório ou imprevisível, mas sim algo complexo e diversificado, que pode ser específico para cada indústria. / A change in food consumption profile is occurring because of the new context of demographic growth, the increase in income in developing economies, and urbanization. Following the global trend, in Brazil, a change in habits of consumption of fresh to processed food is occurring. The greater economic openness and the growth of domestic and external demand can represent great opportunities for businesses, however require a higher technological level (innovation). Being considered as one of the main driving forces of business competitiveness, a greater emphasis is now given to the innovation process on food industry, such as the wheat industry. The aim of this study was to identify factors that have a potential influence or determine innovation in wheat industry in Brazil. Results showed that most companies have not innovated in the past year. The kind of innovation more frequently reported by the ones which innovate were in products and new only to the firm. The size of the company, the formal existence of a department of R & D, the greater integration in the supply chain and the attention paid to market signals were decisive for the intensity of innovation in companies. Innovations have a positive collaboration on the business performance. However, some barriers can exist, limiting the development of innovations, being the economic factor of major contribution. These results demonstrate that innovation is not a random or unpredictable process, but a complex and diverse process that may be specific to each industry.