Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho encontra-se dividido em duas partes: a primeira relacionada à biotransformaÃÃes de compostos orgÃnicos com a espÃcie Vigna unguiculata, e a segunda, relativa à sÃntese enzimÃtica de Ãsteres de cloranfenicol. ReaÃÃes de biorreduÃÃo de cetonas e nitrocompostos com grÃos de Vigna unguiculata (feijÃo de corda). ApÃs realizado um screnning com reduÃÃo de acetofenona variando-se as condiÃÃes reacionais, encontrou-se aquelas que levaram ao melhores resultados de conversÃo e excesso enantiomÃrico. Essas condiÃÃes foram aplicadas para outros 34 susbtratos, entre eles: cetonas alifÃticas e aromÃticas com diferentes substituintes no anel como: nitro, metÃxi, alquila e halogÃnios em vÃrias posiÃÃes, nitrocompostos, β-ceto-Ãsteres, uma cetona α,β-insaturada e benzonitrila. No geral, o resultados obtidos com as biorreduÃÃes podem ser considerados satisfatÃrios, assim como os valores de excesso enantiomÃrico. Na segunda parte, utilizou-se as lipases comerciais: CAL-B, PSL-C(I) e PSL-C Amano, em reaÃÃes de acilaÃÃo do fÃrmaco cloranfenicol, num estudo exaustivo em busca de condiÃÃes Ãtimas de reaÃÃo explorando principalmente a atividade regiosseletiva dessas enzimas. Foram obtidos oito derivados desse fÃrmaco, a depender do agente acilante utilizado, sendo sete destes, monoacilados e um, di-acilado. Como doador acila usou-se diversos Ãsteres vinÃlicos, saturados ou nÃo e com diversos tamanhos de cadeia. ParÃmetros reacionais como: variaÃÃo do solvente, da temperatura, concentraÃÃo do meio e agente acilante foram otimizados para obtenÃÃo desses derivados. Praticamente todos os produtos foram obtidos em elevados percentuais de conversÃo, exceto para aqueles que possuem insaturaÃÃo. Realizou-se ainda um procedimento em escala de bancada utilizando a enzima CAL-B, sendo obtidos resultados bem significativos em todos os casos. Ao final do estudo adotou-se um procedimento de reciclagem desta mesma enzima, onde ficou comprovada sua eficiÃncia no reuso. / This work is divided into two parts: the first related biotransformations of organic compounds with the species Vigna unguiculata, and the second on the enzymatic synthesis of esters of chloramphenicol. Reactions bioreduction of ketones and nitrocompounds with grains of Vigna unguiculata (feijÃo de corda). After performing a reduction of acetophenone with screnning varying the reaction conditions, we found those that led to better results for conversion and enantiomeric excess. These conditions were applied to 34 other susbtratos, including: aliphatic ketones and aromatic ring with different substituents such as nitro, methoxy, and alkyl halide in various positions, nitro, β-keto ester, a ketone α, β-unsaturated and benzonitrile. Overall, the results obtained with the biorreduÃÃes can be considered satisfactory, as well as the enantiomeric excess values. In the second part, we used the commercial lipases: CAL-B, PSL-C (I) and PSL-C Amano in acylation reactions of the drug chloramphenicol, an exhaustive study in search of optimum reaction conditions mainly exploring the activity regioselective these enzymes. Were obtained from eight derivatives of this drug, depending on the acylating agent used, seven of these, and a monoacilados, di-acylated. As acyl donor was used several vinyl esters, saturated or not and with various chain lengths. Reaction parameters such as: variations of the solvent, temperature, concentration of the acylating agent and medium were optimized to obtain these derivatives. Virtually all products were obtained in high percentages of conversion, except for those with unsaturation. It is also carried out in a bench scale procedure using the enzyme CAL-B, and significant results were obtained in all cases. At the end of the study we adopted a procedure for recycling of the same enzyme, which was proven its efficiency in reuse.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-07-27T23:03:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Iv?n Sergio Col?s Gonzalez.pdf: 1019601 bytes, checksum: a974e9e520faa565d9469e1ff902ceed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-27T23:03:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Iv?n Sergio Col?s Gonzalez.pdf: 1019601 bytes, checksum: a974e9e520faa565d9469e1ff902ceed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / In this work was investigated the biocatalytic action of fungus Periconia hispidula to perform reduction reactions of aromatic prochiral carbonyl compounds. Firstly, the influence of the reaction parameters (medium, time, amount of substrate, forms to use the biocatalyst) over the conversion rate and enantiomeric excess in the reduction of acetophenone was investigated. After the determination of the growth curve, the incubation time prior to addition of substrate, was evaluated (4 and 7 days). For 4 days of preincubation time, the best conversion rate to obtain the (S)-1-phenylethanol with e.e of 98% were achieved. Two types of biocatalysts were evaluated: growing cells and resting cells. The best results were obtained with growing cells. By comparing the results obtained from potato-dextrose (BD) culture medium and potato-dextrose (BD) supplemented with Fe 2+, BD medium supplemented with Fe 2+ (0.02 g / L) was selected. The influence of the amount of acetophenone (20 to 200 ?L) was also examined to evaluate the toxicity of the substrate. Quantities of the substrate higher than 100 ?L (0.1%) decreased also conversion rate but the enantiomeric excess. The applicability of this biocatalyst was also evaluated to reduce acetophenone derivates compounds such as 2, 3 and 4-nitroacetophenone, 2, 3 and 4-methylacetophenone? 2, 3 and 4-methoxyacetophenone, 2, 3 and 4-bromoacetophenone, 2, 3 and 4-fluoracetophenone, 2, 4-dimethylacetophenone, 2, 5-dimethylacetophenone? 4-ethylacetophenone, octanophenone, 1-indanone and 2-indanone. Chiral alcohols were obtained with conversion rates from 8% upto higher than 99% and the enantiomeric excess between 54% up to 100%, indicating that the fungus Periconia hispidula is a promising estereoselctive biocatalyst for use in processes for reducing carbonyl compounds. / Neste trabalho foi investigada a a??o biocatal?tica do fungo Periconia hispidula em rea??es de redu??o de compostos carbon?licos arom?ticos pr?-quirais. A influ?ncia de par?metros reacionais (meio, tempo, quantidade de substrato, forma de utiliza??o do biocatalisador) na convers?o e enantioseletividade da redu??o de acetofenona foi inicialmente avaliada. A partir da curva de crescimento, determinou-se o tempo de incuba??o pr?vio a adi??o de substrato (4 e 7 dias). Os melhores resultados de convers?o para a obten??o do (S)-1-feniletanol, com excesso enantiom?rico (e.e) de 98% foram atingidos ap?s quatro dias de incuba??o pr?via do micro-organismo. Duas formas de utiliza??o do biocatalisador foram avaliadas: c?lulas em crescimento e c?lulas em repouso. Os melhores resultados de convers?o foram obtidos com as c?lulas em crescimento. Pela compara??o entre meios de cultura batata-dextrose (BD) e batata-dextrose (BD) suplementado com Fe2+) selecionou-se o meio BD suplementado com Fe2+ (0,02 g/L). A influ?ncia da quantidade de acetofenona (entre 20 ?L e 200 ?L) tamb?m foi analisada com o objetivo de avaliar a toxicidade do substrato. Verificou-se que quantidades de substrato maiores a 100 uL (0,1%) levaram a queda da convers?o e da enantioseletividade. O biocatalisador tamb?m foi testado frente a 23 cetonas pr?-quirais: 2, 3 e 4-nitroacetofenona; 2, 3 e 4-metilacetofenona; 2, 3 e 4-metoxiacetofenona; 2, 3 e 4-bromoacetofenona; 2, 3 e 4-fluoracetofenona; 2,4-dimetilacetofenona; 2,5-dimetilacetofenona; 4-etilacetofenona, octanofenona, 1?indanona e 2-indanona. As convers?es dos alco?is quirais oscilaram entre 8% e 100% com excessos enantiom?ricos de 54 at? mais de 99%, demonstrando que o fungo Periconia hispidula ? um biocatalisador estereosseletivo promissor para aplica??o em processos de redu??o de compostos carbon?licos.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-10-01T23:29:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aspergillus terreus isolamento identifica??o e avalia??o da capacidade catalitica na redu??o de cetonas pr? quirais.pdf: 1820055 bytes, checksum: c5c60d2c4b1c577c84c8b1baaa95660d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-01T23:29:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aspergillus terreus isolamento identifica??o e avalia??o da capacidade catalitica na redu??o de cetonas pr? quirais.pdf: 1820055 bytes, checksum: c5c60d2c4b1c577c84c8b1baaa95660d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / The object of this inquiry is the isolation, the selection and the potential evaluation of a microorganism with biocatalytic activity in carrying out selective-stereo biorreduction of pro-chial ketones. In the research procedure, Fungi was isolated from soil samples contaminated with lead. Only one of the isolates fungi, identified as Aspergillus terreus, presented good catalytic activity in the reduction of acetophenone. The biomass was grown submerged in broth culture, inoculated with 1,1 x 103 (spores/mL of malt extract) and maintained at 30?C under orbital agitation. Morphological differences and catalytic activity were evaluated in function of the orbit of agitation during the growth process. The catalytic activity in terms of conversion of acetophenone and enantiomeric excess (S), ee_S, in 1-feniletanol, was determinate in conjunction with the growth curve of the fungus. The results were used to construct a graphic showing the variation of quality of the catalyst, according to age of biomass. Apart from acetophenone were tested o-Xacetophenone, p-Xacetophenone and m-Xacetophenone (X = methyl, methoxy, nitro, fluorine, bromine). For reaction with 24 hours growing cells (30?C; 150rpm/r = 50mm), the conversions were between 27% and 97% with ee_S between 41% and 83%. For reactions with cells in suspension in buffered medium (pH = 4.5 ? 6,5) was decrease in activity/selectivity at pH above 5.5. The kinetics of conversion was evaluated for biomasses with different ages and for various concentrations of acetophenone. An amount between 100mg and 200mg of biomass (dry mass) with 168 hours of culture can convert 100mg of acetophenone to 1(S)-feniletanou ee_S (91%) with 98% yield in 72 hours of reaction (93% at 48 hours). The development of this process described above, constitutes the body of this thesis. / O objetivo desta pesquisa ? o isolamento, a sele??o e a avalia??o de um microorganismo com atividade biocatalisadora na biorredu??o estereoseletiva de cetonas pro-quirais. No procedimento de investiga??o, fungos foram isolados de amostras de solo contaminadas com chumbo. Apenas um dos fungos isolados, identificado geneticamente como Aspergillus terreus, apresentou boa atividade catal?tica na redu??o de acetofenona. A biomassa foi cultivada submersa no caldo de cultura, inoculado com 1,1x103 (esporos/mL de extrato de malte) e mantido a 30? sob agita??o orbital. Diferen?as morfol?gicas e de atividade catal?tica foram avaliadas em fun??o da ?rbita de agita??o durante o crescimento. A atividade catal?tica, em termos de convers?o da acetofenona e do excesso enantiom?rico (S), ee_S, no 1-feniletanol, foi determinada em conjunto com a curva de crescimento do fungo. Os resultados foram usados para construir um gr?fico mostrando a varia??o da qualidade do catalisador em fun??o da idade da biomassa. Al?m de acetofenona, foram testadas o-Xacetofenona, p-Xacetofenona e m-Xacetofenona (X=metil, metoxi, nitro, fl?or, bromo). Para 24 horas de rea??o com c?lulas em crescimento (30?C; 150rpm/r = 50mm), as convers?es ficaram entre 94 e 100%, com ee_S ? 98% para acetofenona e para acetofenonas orta ou meta substitu?das. Com substituintes na posi??o para, a convers?o ficou entre 27% e 97%, com ee_S entre 41% e 83%. Para rea??es com c?lulas em suspens?o em meio tamponado (pH = 4,5 ? 6,5), houve queda na atividade/seletividade em pH acima de 5,5. A cin?tica de convers?o foi avaliada para biomassas com idades distintas e para v?rias concentra??es de acetofenona. Uma quantidade entre 100mg e 200mg de biomassa (massa seca) com 168 horas de cultura, pode converter 100mg de acetofenona a 1(S)-feniletanol (ee_S 91%), com 98% de rendimento em 72 horas de rea??o (93% em 48 horas). O desenvolvimento desse processo, acima descrito, constitui o corpo desta Tese.