In support of society's technological evolution, the study of nonlinear systems in engineering and sciences has become a vital research area. Aiming to contribute in this field, this thesis investigates the behaviour of nonlinear systems using the 'Wiener theories'. As a useful example the Duffing oscillator is investigated in this work. In many real-life applications, nonlinear systems are excited randomly so this work examines systems under white-noise excitation using the Wiener series. Equivalent Linearisation (EL) is a well-known and simple method that approximates a nonlinear system by an equivalent linear system. However, it has deficiencies which this thesis attempts to improve. Initially, the performance of EL for different types of nonlinearities will be assessed and an alternative method to enhance it is suggested. This requires the calculation of the first Wiener kernel of various system defined quantities. The first Wiener kernel, as it will be shown, is the foundation of this research and a central element of the Wiener theory. In this thesis, an analytical proof to explain the interesting behaviour of the first Wiener kernel for a system with nonlinear stiffness is included using an energy transfer approach. Furthermore, the method mentioned above to enhance EL known as the Single-Pole Fit method (SPF) is to be tested for different kinds of systems to prove its robustness and validity. Its direct application to systems with nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear damping is shown as well as its ability to perform for systems with two degrees of freedom where an extension of the SPF method is required to achieve the desired solution. Finally, an investigation to understand and replicate the complex behaviour observed by the first Wiener kernel in the early chapters is carried out. The groundwork for this investigation is done by modelling an isolated nonlinear spring with a series of linear filters and certain nonlinear operations. Subsequently, an attempt is made to relate the principles governing the successful spring model presented to the original nonlinear system. An iterative procedure is used to demonstrate the application of this method, which also enables this new modelling approach to be related to the SPF method.

In this thesis, we shall study disjointness preserving linear functionals of the Wiener ring. It is clear that Wiener ring is a dense subalgebra of C(T)in the usual supremum norm .However, Wiener ring is also isomorphic to L1(Z). So it has an 1 norm . By studying the structure of ideals of the Wiener ring, we discover that disjointness preserving linear functionals are the same under different norms. Bounded disjointness preserving linear functionals of the Wiener ring is a multiple of the point mass in both cases. Finally, we establish the existence of unbounded disjointness preserving linear functionals of the Wiener ring.

Continuity along reflectors in seismic images is used via Curvelet representation to stabilize the convolution operator inversion. The Curvelet transform is a new multiscale transform that provides sparse representations for images that comprise smooth objects separated by piece-wise smooth discontinuities (e.g. seismic images). Our iterative Curvelet-regularized deconvolution algorithm combines conjugate gradient-based inversion with noise regularization performed using non-linear Curvelet coefficient thresholding. The thresholding operation enhances the sparsity of Curvelet representations. We show on a synthetic example that our algorithm provides improved resolution and continuity along reflectors as well as reduced ringing effect compared to the iterative Wiener-based deconvolution approach.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Art History, June 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Bachelor-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2008.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elérica, 2016. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2016-08-08T15:11:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_StephanieMilenaAlvarezFernandez.pdf: 1071645 bytes, checksum: d091e7c62f2fa1cb17db51bd3d6206b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-12-19T13:40:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_StephanieMilenaAlvarezFernandez.pdf: 1071645 bytes, checksum: d091e7c62f2fa1cb17db51bd3d6206b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T13:40:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_StephanieMilenaAlvarezFernandez.pdf: 1071645 bytes, checksum: d091e7c62f2fa1cb17db51bd3d6206b1 (MD5) / Nas últimas décadas, o estudo de métodos para a inversão cega de sistemas de Wiener tem recebido uma atenção signi cativa, especialmente em áreas como a biologia, química, sociologia e na indústria. Um grande número de métodos tem sido desenvolvidos com diferentes abordagens e análises teóricas do problema, que incluem algoritmos de gradiente para minimizar a taxa de informação mútua do sinal extraído, algoritmos genéticos para executar a tarefa de procurar os parâmetros ótimos assim como algoritmos imuno-inspirados. Estes métodos têm como requisito fundamental que o sinal de entrada seja originalmente i.i.d., além de algumas outras condições de suavidade. Cenários de aplicação que cumprem com este requisito podem ser difíceis de ocorrer, na prática; por isso, considerar fontes não-independentes tem se tornado uma importante abordagem. Neste trabalho, propõem-se dois métodos baseados nas funções de autocorrelação e autocorrentropia para explorar a estrutura do tempo de um determinado sinal, com a nalidade de promover a inversão cega dos sistemas de Wiener usando sistemas Hammerstein. Filtros lineares com e sem realimentação são considerados e um algoritmo imuno-inspirado é usado para permitir a otimização de parâmetros sem a necessidade de manipular analiticamente a função custo, ao mesmo tempo que se aumenta a probabilidade de convergência global. Os resultados experimentais indicam que ambas as funções proporcionam meios e cazes para a inversão do sistema e também ilustram o efeito de realimentação linear sobre o desempenho global do sistema. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / In the last decades, the study of blind inversion of Wiener systems has received signi cant attention, in a special manner in areas such as biology, chemistry, sociology, psychology and industry. A large number of methods have been developed with di erent approaches and theoretical analysis of the problem, which include a gradient algorithm to minimize the mutual information rate of the extracted signal, genetic algorithms to perform the task of searching for the optimal parameters as well as immune-inspired algorithms. These methods have the particular requirement that the input signal must be i.i.d. and, besides some smoothness conditions. This requirement may be hard to be present in real-world problems, hence, considering non-independent sources have become an interesting approach. In this work, we propose two methods based on the autocorrelation and autocorrentropy functions for representing the time structure of a given signal, in order to cope with the unsupervised inversion of Wiener systems by Hammerstein systems. Linear lters with and without feedback are considered and an immune-inspired algorithm is used to allow parameter optimization without the need for explicitly manipulating the cost function, with the additional bene t of increasing the probability of global convergence. The experimental results indicate that both functions provide e ective means for system inversion and also illustrate the e ect of linear feedback on the overall system performance.

This paper investigates the Viennese theatre scene as a part of Austria's Cultural Industries. On the one hand, the aim of this explorative study is to find out which types of cooperation between theatres occur and to analyse the underlying reasons and motives for cooperation. On the other hand the field-actors' perception of competition between theatres in the scene is investigated. The findings show that social networks (social capital) are regarded as very important for success and survival in the theatre scene. Competition comprises four different aspects and occurs as competition for financial supplements, competition for placement on the "market", competition for ideas, including the fear of idea-theft, as well as competition for the Wiener Festwochen. However, the theatre scene seems to be more strongly guided by trust and cooperation than by competition. / Series: Schriftenreihe / Forschungsbereich Wirtschaft und Kultur

No description available.

A eletromiografia consiste no estudo do movimentos dos músculos através dos sinais elétricos emitidos pelos mesmos. Esses sinais são captados por meio de eletrodos (de surpefície ou de agulha), sendo muito suscetíveis a variações e interferências não relacionadas diretamente com o movimento muscular (ruídos). Visando obter dados qualitativamente confiáveis, o processamento digital de sinais fornece como ferramentas os filtros ótimos e adaptativos, que são utilizados quando o sinal desajado está contaminado por ruído. Com a finalidade de diminuir o ruído presente no sinal eletromiográfico, foram implementados os filtros de wiener e wiener adaptativo ao algoritmo LMS (least mean square), tendo a análise da relação sinal/ruído dos sinais obtidos demonstrado que não há diferença significativa entre os filtros. Como conclusão, no tratamento de sinais eletromiográficos, pode-se aplicar tanto o filtro de wiener como o de wiener adaptativo, observando-se que este último apresenta a vantagem de consumir menos tempo de processamento. / Electromyography is the study of muscle moviments through the electrical signal that they emanate. These signals are detected with eletrodes (surface or needle), where variations and interferences not directly related with movement are present (noises). Digital signal processing provides optimal and adaptative filters with the aim to get qualitative reliable data. The filters are used when desired signal is corrupted by noise. With the purpose of noise reduction in electromyography signal, wiener and adaptative wiener filters (the last one with least mean square algorithm) were implemented. However, signal-to-noise ratio analysis gave evidence that there is no significative difference between both the filters. As conclusion, in electromygraphy signal treatment, wiener and adaptative wiener filters could be used, with the only difference that the last one takes less processing time.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo a investigação do comportamento de equipamentos de radiodiagnóstico em termos da qualidade da imagem produzida e a subseqüente aplicação desses resultados na otimização do desempenho de esquemas computacionais de auxílio ao diagnóstico, também conhecidos como esquemas CAD (do inglês, Computer-Aided Diagnosis). A principal meta consiste no desenvolvimento de técnicas de pré-processamento para imagens mamográficas digitalizadas que as realçasse de acordo com as características e limitações dos equipamentos utilizados na sua aquisição. A proposta está dividida em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram determinadas as características relativas tanto à resolução espacial como à resolução de contraste de diversos equipamentos mamográficos, avaliadas respectivamente pelas funções de transferência óptica e espectros de Wiener do ruído. Isto permitiu, numa segunda etapa, o desenvolvimento de um filtro digital específico para o pré-processamento de diferentes conjuntos de mamogramas digitais, separados de acordo com os equipamentos utilizados no processo de aquisição. Dessa forma, cada imagem mamográfica teve sua qualidade melhorada de acordo com as características do equipamento que a gerou, determinadas na primeira etapa. Essas imagens, depois de realçadas, foram utilizadas em um esquema CAD previamente desenvolvido, onde pôde ser observada uma melhora em até 12% no seu desempenho quando comparado aos resultados obtidos com imagens mamográficas não realçadas. / The purpose of this work is to evaluate the quality of radiological equipment and their images in order to use these evaluations to improve the performance of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme. The mean idea is about the development of image processing techniques to enhance digital mammograms according to the characteristics of the X-ray unit used for image acquisition. This work is basically divided in two parts. In the first one, it were determined the characteristics related to spatial and contrast resolution of several mammographic equipment, evaluated respectively from the optical transfer function and noise Wiener spectrum. This evaluation allowed, in a second part, the development of a preprocessing technique to enhance different set of digital mammographic images, gathered according to the equipment used on its acquisition process. Thus, each mammographic image had its quality improved in conformity with the characteristics of the equipment used on its acquisition, determined in the first part of this work. These images, after the enhancement process, were used on a previously developed CAD scheme. It was observed an improvement of 12% on the CAD performance using pre-processed mammograms compared to the results obtained when using non-enhanced mammographic images.