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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Model Sensitivity, Performance and Evaluation Techniques for The Air Pollution Model in Southeast Queensland

Leishman, Natalie January 2005 (has links)
One important component for successful air quality modelling is the utilisation of a reliable meteorological simulator. Evaluating the model with respect to its overall performance in predicting natural processes is no easy task. The problem is twofold, firstly there is the availability and suitability of field data with which to compare a model with and secondly there is the method of evaluation. The Air Pollution Model (TAPM), developed by the CSIRO was used to simulate the winds in Southeast Queensland (SEQ). The complex nature of the airshed makes it difficult to compare modelled data with observational data as the observational data may be influenced by local phenomena. Evaluation of the model through the use of standard statistics and monthly and seasonal statistics illustrated that overall the model predicted the annual average wind speeds and temperatures well. Through the use of synoptic clustering, more detail on model performance was gained and it was found that TAPM predicted sea breezes that occurred on high pollution days. The sensitivity of the model to the selection of input parameters such as soil type, land use, vegetation, and rain processes was also investigated.
22

Simulação do modelo BRAMS para instalação de parque eólico no Nordeste Setentrional Oriental do Brasil.

MARIANO, Everson Batista. 13 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-13T14:24:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EVERSON BATISTA MARIANO - TESE (PPGMet) 2017.pdf: 4579830 bytes, checksum: 897e568e511f245cb9c7c10ef86f9866 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T14:24:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EVERSON BATISTA MARIANO - TESE (PPGMet) 2017.pdf: 4579830 bytes, checksum: 897e568e511f245cb9c7c10ef86f9866 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / Capes / Na realização deste trabalho, foram analisadas variações espaciais e temporais do vento e da potência eólica para a região do nordeste setentrional oriental do Brasil. Para tanto, utilizou-se o modelo Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) usando como entrada dados de reanálises do National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Foram utilizados dados observados da velocidade do vento de três mesorregiões da Paraíba do período de 1 a 31 de outubro de 2010 para validação do modelo BRAMS. Reanálises do ERA-Interim, com resolução espacial de 0,75° x 0,75° foram utilizadas como uma segunda fonte de dados para o mesmo propósito. Nesta comparação, foram feitas correlações e aplicados testes de significância estatística, assim como, avaliação dos parâmetros de forma e escala da distribuição de Weibull. Após validação, foram geradas simulações do vento dos meses de março, junho, setembro e dezembro para o período de 1983 a 2013. Foram avaliadas as variações sazonais e interanuais da velocidade do vento em quatro cidades com parques eólicos instalados. Os resultados apontam coeficientes de correlações acima de 0,70 com significância estatística de 99% (α = 0,01). Na distribuição de Weibull, os parâmetros de forma e de escala mostraram-se próximos aos obtidos para os dados observados. Na variação sazonal, o mês de setembro apresentou velocidades do vento mais intensas e menos intensas em março, com valores intermediários verificados em junho e dezembro. Na distribuição espacial da média climatológica da velocidade do vento e da potência eólica, destacam-se influências da topografia, com velocidades mais intensa e maior potencial eólico sobre áreas mais elevadas. Variações interanuais, devido alterações na TSM dos oceanos Pacífico e Atlântico Tropicais, mostraram que em anos de El Niño e Gradiente Meridional Positivo o vento sobre o nordeste setentrional oriental do Brasil é intensificado e que a atuação simultânea de ambos, potencializa esse aumento. Com os resultados obtidos o uso da simulação de Densidade de Potencia Eólico (DPE), utilizando o modelo BRAMS pode ser aplicado em qualquer região da América do Sul. / In this work, wind and wind power spatial and temporal variability were analyzed for the northern region. For this, the Brazilian development on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) atmospheric model was used, alongside National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data. Observed wind speed data from three meso regions of Paraíba from October 1 to October 31, 2010 were used to validate the BRAMS model. Reanalyses of the ERA-Interim with spatial resolution of 0.75 ° x 0.75 ° were used as a second data source for the same purpose. In this comparison, we performed correlation analysis and verified its statistical significance, as well as the evaluation of the shape and fit parameters of the Weibull distribution. After further validation, wind simulations were generated in the months of March, June, September and December for the period from 1983 to 2013. Seasonal and interannual wind speed variation was evaluated in four cities with wind farms. The results show correlation coefficients above 0.70 with a statistical significance of 99% (α = 0.01). In the Weibull distribution, the shape and fit parameters were close to those obtained for the observed data. In the wind speed seasonal variation, September presented more intense, while March showed lower wind speeds with intermediate values verified in June and december. Spatial distribution of the average climatological wind speed and wind power topography influences are highlighted, with higher velocities and greater wind potential on higher altitude areas. Interannual variations, due to changes in the SST of the Pacific and Atlantic Tropical Oceans, have shown that in the years influenced by El Niño and positive Southern Gradient, the wind over the north east to Brazil is intensified and that the simultaneous action of both SST gradients amplifies this increase. With the results obtained the use of the Wind Power Density (WPD) simulation using the BRAMS model can be applied in any region of South America.
23

3-D Dynamic Analysis of High-Speed Railroad Track

Fesharaki, Mohammad 28 June 2017 (has links)
High-Speed Rail (HSR) as a fast, reliable and environmentally friendly mode of transportation has received a lot of attention in recent decades. The International Union of Railways reported that there are more than 18600 miles of HSR in operation and about 1.6 billion passengers per year are carried by them. Although there are plans for HSR in many states including Florida, the United States, however, is still hesitant to develop its own HSR network. One of the main barriers to developing high-speed rail is excessive vibration propagation to the media which may cause annoyance to people who live in the track neighborhood. Train induced vibration also contributes to track settlement, developing track flaws, and increasing life cycle cost of track and supporting structures. The aim of this research is to address this problem by conducting a comprehensive investigation into track dynamics. For this purpose, three-dimensional mass-spring-damper models of vehicle, track and supporting structures were developed and matrices of mass, stiffness, and damping of each subsystem were formed. The response of the whole system was, then, determined by coupling the subsystems using Hertz contact theory. The differential equations of the coupled system were solved by the Newmark integration method and the results including vertical and lateral displacements and forces were presented in the time domain. Since the purpose of this dissertation is to quantify the effect of track and vehicle condition on vibration level, rail defects were also taken into account and rail random irregularities for the vertical profile, Gauge, alignment and cross level (super elevation) were incorporated into a numerical solution. The results of the study show the effect of track and vehicle parameters on the response of the vehicle, track, and substructures. Since Florida and some other states in the United States are very prone to hurricanes, an investigation was conducted into the effect of wind speed on vehicle stability. For this purpose, a curved beam was modeled to consider the influence of track curvature, cant deficiency, wind speed and train speed simultaneously. The results from the study show the maximum allowable values of train speed and axle load for different wind speeds. The findings can be used to decide under what circumstances there is a risk of vehicle overturning and how to avoid it.
24

Variabilidade da velocidade do vento a 10 metros para a região Nordeste do Brasil. / Variability wind speed 10 meters for the Northeast region of Brazil.

CHAVES FILHO, José Batista. 11 May 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-11T18:26:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ELLOISE RACKEL COSTA LOURENÇO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2016.pdf: 2843409 bytes, checksum: b067ee79346764e5fcd694b5e90442f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-11T18:26:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELLOISE RACKEL COSTA LOURENÇO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGMET) 2016.pdf: 2843409 bytes, checksum: b067ee79346764e5fcd694b5e90442f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / CNPq / Neste trabalho é feito um estudo da variabilidade da velocidade do vento a 10 metros de altura para a região Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando dados de reanálises do European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Nessa primeira análise esses dados foram comparados com valores observados em estações meteorológicas pertencentes ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) para avaliação da qualidade dos mesmos. Os resultados mostraram um bom desempenho apresentando estatísticas satisfatórias. Para a avaliação da variação sazonal e interanual foram construídos diagramas com séries de dados mais longas (1979 a 2015). Observaram-se variações marcantes entre estações do ano, mais especificamente entre Outono e Primavera. Também se observam variações entre anos de atuação de La Niña, El Niño e gradientes positivo e negativo da anomalia de temperaturas da superfície do mar no Atlântico Tropical. As distribuições espaciais das anomalias da velocidade do vento, para anos de atuação desses fenômenos, mostraram-se coerentes com questões discutidas encontradas na literatura. / This paper made a wind speed variability of the study at 10 meters to the Northeast region of Brazil using reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). In this first analysis these data were compared with values observed in weather stations belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) to evaluate the quality. The results showed a good performance presenting good statistics. For the evaluation of seasonal and interannual variation diagrams were constructed with longer data series (1979-2015). They observed marked variations between seasons, more specifically between autumn and spring. It is also observed variations between years of La Niña activity, El Niño and positive and negative gradients of the anomaly temperature of the sea surface in the tropical Atlantic. The spatial distribution of wind speed anomalies, for years of experience of these phenomena, proved to be consistent with issues discussed in the literature.
25

Characterization of Potential Wind Generation EolioelÃtrica For Purposes: A Case Study For Maracanaà (CE), ParnaÃba (PI) and Petrolina (PE) / CaracterizaÃÃo de potencial eÃlico para fins de geraÃÃo eolioelÃtrica: estudo de caso para Maracanaà (CE), ParnaÃba (PI) e Petrolina (PE)

Tatiane Carolyne Carneiro 28 July 2014 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / In recent years wind energy is becoming increasingly competitive on the world stage, making their participation in the electricity generation matrix presents a strong growth expectation. This dissertation initially presents an analysis of the behavior of wind at three locations in Northeast Brazil (Maracanau-CE, Petrolina-PE e Parnaiba-PI). In a second step, statistical analyzes are researched to the most appropriate behavior patterns of the observed wind resource in the three localities. In conclusion, the impact of the statistical analyzes used in the production of electricity from wind turbines is identified. In this study,historicaldata of speed and direction of wind collectedare used, during periods of: February 2012 to January 2013, to Maracanau; August 2012 to July 2013, for Parnaiba; and May 2012 to March 2013, for Petrolina. The Weibull distribution is applied to approximate the histograms of wind speed using different horizons of applications (annual, semiannual) and four different numerical methods (Empirical, Momentum, Energy Pattern Factor and Equivalent Energy) for estimation of the form and scale parameters. In addition to evaluating the application of Weibull, other frequency distributions (Normal, Gamma and Log-Normal)are analyzed, in order to obtain the best possible fit. In a last step, with the aid of RETScreen program,annual production of electricity, delivered to the grid from wind turbines,is calculated. The optimum wind speed occurred in Parnaiba (10 and 11 m / s), followed by Petrolina (8 and 9 m / s). Among all different numerical methods that was evaluated, the Equivalent Energy method presented the best performance, unlike the Energy Pattern Factor method, that presented the worst. The Weibull distribution showed good potential for setting wind data in Maracanau and Parnaiba, both located along the coastline. However, based on the wind data recorded, in Petrolina, which is located further inland, the performance was inferior. Among all the different frequency distributions that were verified, only normal distribution had an fit as good as Weibull distribution. Based on the annual electricity production estimation, Parnaiba is the city that has the best potential for energy production. / Nos Ãltimos anos a energia eÃlica tem se tornando cada vez mais competitiva no cenÃrio mundial, fazendo com que sua participaÃÃo na matriz elÃtrica apresente uma forte expectativa de crescimento. A presente dissertaÃÃo apresenta inicialmente uma anÃlise do comportamento do vento em trÃs localidades no Nordeste do Brasil (Maracanaà (CE), Petrolina (PE) e ParnaÃba (PI)); numa segunda etapa, sÃo pesquisadas anÃlises estatÃsticas mais adequadas aos padrÃes de comportamento do recurso eÃlico observado nas trÃs localidades e, concluindo, à identificado o impacto das anÃlises estatÃsticas utilizadas na produÃÃo de eletricidade de aerogeradores. Neste estudo sÃo utilizados dados histÃricos de velocidade e direÃÃo do vento coletados durante os perÃodos de: fevereiro de 2012 - janeiro de 2013 para MaracanaÃ, Agosto de 2012 - Julho de 2013 para ParnaÃba, maio de 2012 - marÃo 2013 para Petrolina. A distribuiÃÃo de frequÃncia de Weibull à aplicada para aproximar os histogramas de velocidade do vento, utilizando diferentes horizontes de aplicaÃÃes (anual, semestral) e quatro diferentes mÃtodos numÃricos (EmpÃrico, Momento, Fator PadrÃo de Energia e Energia Equivalente) para a estimaÃÃo dos parÃmetros de forma e escala. AlÃm de avaliar a aplicaÃÃo de Weibull, sÃo analisadas outras distribuiÃÃes de frequÃncia (Normal, Gama e Log-Normal) objetivando obter o melhor ajuste possÃvel. Numa Ãltima etapa, com o auxÃlio do programa RETScreen,à calculada a produÃÃo de eletricidade anual entregue à rede a partir de aerogeradores. Os melhores valores de velocidade do vento ocorreram em ParnaÃba (10 e 11 m/s), seguido de Petrolina (8 e 9 m/s). Dos diferentes mÃtodos numÃricos avaliados, o mÃtodo de energia equivalente apresentou o melhor desempenho e o mÃtodo fator de padrÃo de energia foi o mÃtodo com o pior desempenho. A distribuiÃÃo de Weibull demonstrou bom potencial para o ajuste de dados de vento em Maracanaà e ParnaÃba, ambas localizadas ao longo do litoral. No entanto, em Petrolina, que està situada mais para o interior, foi verificado um desempenho limitado a partir dos dados de vento registrados. Das diferentes distribuiÃÃes de frequÃncias testadas, apenas a distribuiÃÃo normal apresenta um ajuste aproximado ao que Weibull permite desenvolver. Com base nas estimaÃÃes da produÃÃo de eletricidade anual, ParnaÃba à a cidade que apresenta o melhor potencial para o aproveitamento eolioelÃtrico.
26

A distribuição generalizada de Pareto e mistura de distribuições de Gumbel no estudo da vazão e da velocidade máxima do vento em Piracicaba, SP / The generalized Pareto distribution and Gumbel mixture to study flow and maximum wind speed in Piracicaba, SP

Renato Rodrigues Silva 10 October 2008 (has links)
A teoria dos valores extremos é um tópico da probabilidade que descreve a distribuição assintótica das estatísticas de ordem, tais como máximos ou mínimos, de uma seqüência de variáveis aleatórias que seguem uma função de distribuição F normalmente desconhecida. Descreve, ainda, a distribuição assintótica dos excessos acima de um valor limiar de um ou mais termos dessa seqüência. Dessa forma, as metodologias padrões utilizada neste contexto consistem no ajuste da distribuição generalizada dos valores extremos a uma série de máximos anuais ou no ajuste da distribuição generalizada de Pareto a uma série de dados compostas somente de observações excedentes de um valor limiar. No entanto, segundo Coles et al. (2003), há uma crescente insatisfação com o desempenho destes modelos padrões para predição de eventos extremos causada, possivelmente, por pressuposições não atendidas como a de independência das observações ou pelo fato de que os mesmos não sejam recomendados para serem utilizados em algumas situações específicas como por exemplo e quando observações de máximos anuais compostas por duas ou mais populações independentes de eventos extremos sendo que a primeira descreve eventos menos freqüentes e de maior magnitude e a segunda descreve eventos mais freqüentes e de menor magnitude. Então, os dois artigos que compõem este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar alternativas de análise de valores extremos para estas situações em que o ajuste dos modelos padrões não são adequados. No primeiro, foram ajustadas as distribuições generalizada de Pareto e exponencial, caso particular da GP, aos dados de vazão média diária do Posto de Artemis, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil, conjuntamente com a técnica do desagrupamento, (declustering), e comparadas as estimativas dos níveis de retorno para períodos de 5, 10, 50 e 100 anos. Conclui-se que as estimativas intervalares dos níveis de retorno obtidas por meio do ajuste da distribuição exponencial são mais precisas do que as obtidas com o ajuste da distribuição generalizada de Pareto. No segundo artigo, por sua vez, foi apresentada uma metodologia para o ajuste da distribuição de Gumbel e de misturas de duas distribuições de Gumbel aos dados de velocidades de ventos mensais de Piracicaba, SP. Selecionou-se a distribuição que melhor ajustou-se aos dados por meio de testes de hipóteses bootstrap paramétrico e critérios de seleção AIC e BIC. E concluiu-se que a mistura de duas distribuições de Gumbel é a distribuição que melhor se ajustou-se aos dados de velocidades máxima de ventos dos meses de abril e maio, enquanto que o ajuste da distribuição de Gumbel foi o melhor para os meses de agosto e setembro. / The extreme value theory is a probability topics that describes the asymtoptic distribution of order statistics such as maximum or minimum of random variables sequence that follow a distribution function F normaly unknown. Describes still, the excess asymtoptic distribution over threshold of this sequence. So, the standard methodologies of extremes values analysis are the fitting of generalized extreme value distribution to yearly maximum series or the fitting of generalized Pareto distribution to partial duration series. However, according to Coles et al. (2003), there is a growing dissatisfaction with the use this standard models for the prediction of extremes events and one of possible causes this fact may be a false assumptions about a sequence of observed data as a independence assumptions or because the standards models must not used in some specific situations like for example when maximum sample arise from two or more independents populations, where the first population describes more frequents and low intense events and the second population describes less frequents and more intense events. In this way, the two articles this work has a objective show alternatives about extreme values analysis for this situations that the standards models doesn´t recommended. In the first article, the generalized distribution Pareto and exponencial distribution, particular case of GP, together with to declustering methods was applied to mean daily flow of the Piracicaba river, Artemis station, Piracicaba, SP, and the estimates the return levels of 5, 10, 50 and 100 years were compared. We conclude that the interval estimates of the 50 and 100 year return levels obtained using the fitting the exponencial distribution are more precise than those obtained using the generalized Pareto distribution. In the second article, we propose the fit of Gumbel distribution and the Gumbel mixture to data maximum speed wind in Piracicaba, SP. We select the best model using bootstrap test of hypotheses and the AIC and BIC selection criteria We conclude that the mixture Gumbel is the best model to analyze the maximum wind speed data for months of april e may and otherside the fit of Gumbel distributions was the best fit to months of august e september.
27

Procedimento objetivo para a garantia da qualidade de dados observacionais de vento em superfície no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte

MORAES, Camila Freitas Wanderley de Carvalho Bezerra 27 February 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-17T16:14:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_Camila F. Wanderley de C. B. Moraes_versão Final.pdf: 2535411 bytes, checksum: d1c049b373557622907f11095871b5d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-17T16:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação_Camila F. Wanderley de C. B. Moraes_versão Final.pdf: 2535411 bytes, checksum: d1c049b373557622907f11095871b5d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / O crescimento da energia eólica no Mundo vem fomentando a geração de uma grande quantidade de dados observacionais oriundos de torres anemométricas. Tais dados são imprescindíveis a várias aplicações, entre as quais se destacam: a análise de viabilidade com respeito à implantação de centrais eólicas (na fase de prospecção) e avaliação do desempenho dos aerogeradores (na fase de operação da central eólica). Por exemplo, os dados observacionais do vento em superfície são empregados para a parametrização, calibração e validação dos modelos utilizados na avaliação do recurso eólico. Portanto, a análise de viabilidade para implantação de centrais eólicas é fortemente dependente da qualidade dos dados observacionais. Porém, apesar da importância de tais dados, são ainda extremamente escassas as publicações sobre garantia e controle de qualidade aplicados a dados anemométricos. De maneira a tentar mitigar esta lacuna do setor eólico, propõe-se, neste trabalho, um procedimento objetivo (automático) para a garantia da qualidade que permita o tratamento de quantidades massivas de dados observacionais, quantidades para as quais se tem como inviável o emprego de procedimentos subjetivos (baseados, por exemplo, no “olho treinado” de um meteorologista) ou mesmo semiobjetivos (semiautomáticos). O procedimento objetivo proposto está baseado em uma sequência de testes organizados em duas grandes classes: testes globais (que avaliam a qualidade de uma série temporal como um todo) e testes locais (que avaliam a qualidade de conjuntos de dados e mesmo dados individuais), sendo 3 as principais inovações deste trabalho: a introdução de uma análise paramétrica objetiva no teste do limite, a realização de um teste objetivo de consistência espacial para a verificação de dados individuais e (a mais relevante) a aplicação de um método objetivo para inferir os parâmetros dos testes. O procedimento objetivo proposto para a garantia da qualidade foi experimentado sobre os dados observacionais de velocidade média do vento (integrados em 10 min) oriundos de quatro torres anemométricas localizadas no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte. Tanto o procedimento como os resultados são aqui apresentados e discutidos. / The world wind power growth has been responsible for the generation of a huge amount of observational data from anemometrical masts. Such data are essential to several applications, being highlighted some of them: the feasibility analysis with respect to the deployment of wind farms (in the exploration phase) and the performance evaluation of wind turbines (during the wind farms operation phase). For example, surface wind observational data are used for parameterization, calibration and validation of models used for the wind resource assessment. Therefore, the feasibility analysis concerning the installation of wind farms is strongly dependent on the observational data quality. However, despite the importance of such data, publications on quality assurance and quality control applied to observational wind data are extremely scarce. In order to try to mitigate this gap in the wind sector, this work aims to establish an objective (automatic) procedure for quality assurance which addresses the treatment of a massive amount of observational data considering that for such amount it is unfeasible the employment of subjective procedures (for example, based on the "trained eye" of a meteorologist) or even a semi-objective (semi-automatic) procedure. The proposed objective procedure is based on a sequence of tests organized into two classes: the global tests (which evaluate the quality of a time series as a whole) and the local tests (which evaluate the quality of data clusters and even individual data), being the main innovations the addition of a parametric analysis in the range test, the addition of an objective spatial consistency test for verifying individual data and the (most important) the employment of an objective method to infer parameters of the tests. The proposed objective procedure for quality assurance was tested on 10 min-averaged wind speed observational data from four anemometrical masts located in the coastal region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Both the procedures and the results are presented here.
28

Ultrazvukový anemometr / Ultrasonic anemometer

Hůlka, Jakub January 2015 (has links)
This master’s thesis deals with the construction and realization of an ultrasound anemo- meter. Individual types of anemometers are compared in this thesis, including mechanical, thermo anemometer and ultrasound anemometer. Different construction renderings and measurement principles of ultrasonic anemometers are analyzed. In addition, an experi- mental method of measuring the speed of sound by phase shift between two transmitting frequency is described in the document. This thesis includes the design of an control unit and the realization of a simple prototype of an ultrasonic anemometer. Experimental confirmation of the characteristics of the ultrasound anemometer is the last part of the document.
29

Generation of wind speed and solar irradiance time series for power plants with storage

Mauger, Léo January 2016 (has links)
Sizing renewable energy power plants with storage devices needs new resource assessment. Global amount of energy available has to be replaced by time series to depict the resource as a function of time. This paper introduces methodology to generate time series for wind speed and solar irradiance with a granularity between 10minutes and 1seconde. Ground measurements and macro-date from satellite imagery are analyzed and processed to obtain long-term site-specific time series. Because renewable energy forecasting is a growing concern, a second part of the work presents how to modify previously generated profiles in order to obtain forecasts with an expected error.
30

Modeling average monthly rainfall for South Africa using extreme value theory

Mashishi, Daniel January 2020 (has links)
Thesis (M. Sc. (Statistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The main purpose of modelling rare events such as heavy rainfall, heat waves, wind speed, interest rate and many other rare events is to try and mitigate the risk that might arise from these events. Heavy rainfall and floods are still troubling many countries. Almost every incident of heavy rainfall or floods might result in loss of lives, damages to infrastructure and roads, and also financial losses. In this dissertation, the interest was in modelling average monthly rainfall for South Africa using extreme value theory (EVT). EVT is made up mainly of two approaches: the block maxima and peaks-over thresh old (POT). This leads to the generalised extreme value and the generalised Pareto distributions, respectively. The unknown parameters of these distri butions were estimated using the method of maximum likelihood estimators in this dissertation. According to goodness-of-fit test, the distribution in the Weibull domain of attraction, Gumbel domain and generalised Pareto distri butions were appropriate distributions to model the average monthly rainfall for South Africa. When modelling using the POT approach, the point process model suggested that some areas within South Africa might experience high rainfall in the coming years, whereas the GPD model suggested otherwise. The block maxima approach using the GEVD and GEVD for r-largest order statistics also revealed similar findings to that of the GPD. The study recommend that for future research on average monthly rainfall for South Africa the findings might be improved if we can invite the Bayesian approach and multivariate extremes. Furthermore, on the POT approach, time-varying covariates and thresholds are also recommended. / National Research Foundation (NRF) and South African Weather Service (SAWS)

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