Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study shows that a close relationship exists between the South African wine industry and South African financial institutions. Research indicated a need to understand the characteristics and complexity of the wine industry, as well as that of credit assessment. This is important for both industries to further develop and strengthen their relationships. SA WIS provides statistics about various aspects of the South African wine industry. The wine industry is characterised by a fragmented basis. To strategically focus the industry, the South African Wine and Brandy Company (SAWB) was established in 2002. In the application for finance it is important for the applicant to know how credit is evaluated by financial institutions, and which aspects are of importance in the application. One cannot predict the future. The credit assessor therefore bases his credit decision on historical financial data, with the assumption that the trend will continue unless there are indications to the contrary. A specific wine industry credit application and evaluation process is discussed in the study. The final decision is only as good as the analysis, and the analysis is only as good as the information gathered. This study thus provides evidence that with a better understanding of the South African wine industry, financial institutions will be able to assess credit risks better. Similarly, the wine industry will benefit by a better understanding of credit assessment when applying for finance. A detail SWOT analysis was done on this industry. A summary was done of the most important finance needs of the South Afican wine industry, compared to the financial products offered by the South African banking industry and the information required to do the credit assessment. The additional information that the wine industry can supply to help the assessor to assess the application, is also listed. The study closes with proposals to the South African wine and banking industries on what to implement, in an effort to achieve a better relationship. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie toon dat 'n verwantskap bestaan tussen die Suid-Afrikaanse wynindustrie en Suid-Afrikaanse finansiele instellings. Navorsing toon aan dat daar 'n behoefte bestaan om die karaktereienskappe en kompleksiteit van die wynindustrie te verstaan, sowel as die van krediet keuring. 'n Beter verstandhouding is nodig om die twee industriee se verwantskap te versterk. SAWIS verskaf statistieke oor 'n verskeidenheid van die wynindustrie se aktiwiteite. Die wynindustrie het 'n gefragmenteerde basis. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Wyn en Brandewyn Maatskappy (SAWB) is in 2002 gestig, juis ten doel om die bedryf strategies te fokus. Dit is belangrik vir 'n aansoeker van krediet om te verstaan hoe die finansiele instelling kredietaansoeke evalueer, asook watter aspekte belangrik is om aan te spreek in 'n kredietaansoek. Die toekoms kan nie met sekerheid bepaal word nie. Die kredietkeurder baseer dus sy kredietkeuring op historiese data, met die aanname dat die tendens sal aanhou, tensy daar aanduidings is van die teendeel. 'n Spesifieke wynindustrie kredietaansoek en evaluasieproses word bespreek in die studie. Die finale krediet besluit is slegs soos goed soos die analise en die analise op sy beurt is weer net so goed soos die inligting wat versamel is. Die studie bewys dus dat met 'n beter begrip van die Suid-Afrikaanse wynindustrie, finansiele instellings 'n beter kredietanalise evaluasie sal kan doen. Terselfdertyd sal die wynindustrie bevoordeel word deur beter te verstaan hoe kredietaansoeke geevalueer word wanneer vir finansiering aansoek gedoen word. 'n Detail SWOT-analise is op die bedryf gedoen. 'n Opsomming word gedoen van die mees algemene finansieringsbehoeftes in die wynbedryf, gemeet teenoor die finansiele produkte aangebied en inligting vereis deur die finansiele instellings. Addisionele inligting wat die wynbedryf kan bied ten einde die kredietkeurder te help om die aansoek beter te kan evalueer, word ook gelys. Die studie sluit af met voorstelle aan die Suid Afrikaanse wyn- en bank industriee wat geimplimenteer kan word teneinde 'n beter verhouding te bewerkstellig.

Thesis (MScEng (Chemical Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / 304 leaves single sided printed,preliminary pages i-xxii and numberd pages 1-282. Includes bibliography,list of figures and tables, used a Bizhub 250 Scanner to pdf format (OCR) 57pages contain figures in color.Digitized at 300 dpi 24-bit Color to pdf format (OCR),used a Hp Scanjet 8250 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ecosystems and natural water sources are constantly under threat from pollutants and all efforts should be made to minimise polluting factors. In the last decade growing concern has been expressed with regard to the environmental threat posed by wastewater produced by wineries and distilleries. Research into winery wastewater commenced in the early nineties mainly in Australia and France. These investigations characterised winery wastewater, indicating a large diversity in quality and quantity between wastewaters emanating from wineries. Owed to changes in South African legislation, in conjunction with an augmented environmental awareness, the need for an environmental assessment of wineries became apparent. In South Africa, research of this nature had not yet been conducted. Previous research on winery wastewater treatment employed mostly biological technologies, with success but also shortfalls. In South Africa the majority of wineries are located in the Western Cape Province, several within the same water catchment area. Wineries may produce approximately 1 to 10 litres of wastewater per litre of wine produced, which are turbid and acidic and typically contain high levels of organic compounds (thus oxygen deficient), and suspended material. Usually these wastewaters are irrigated onto land, in close proximity to natural water resources. The pollution of water tables and down-stream water sources may occur. The quantification, qualification and treatment of this type of wastewater are addressed in this study. Winery wastewater produced from the predominantly red wine producing Rupert and Rothschild Vignerons, served as case study for a two-year wastewater audit strategy. The most common analyses performed on winery wastewater include the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), pH and turbidity. A thorough analysis in the form of a comprehensive audit was performed on the water and vinification processes. This allowed for an accurate determination of contamination sources and properties. The audit entailed a designed sampling protocol, the format of which was tailored as an initial environmental assessment for the development of an Environmental Management System (EMS) unique to Rupert and Rothschild Vignerons. The EMS includes projected future objectives for wastewater quality (COD, SS, pH, turbidity), as well as an environmental policy. In order to reach the proposed quality objectives, a suitable wastewater treatment system must be installed. The efficiency of the treatment system present at Rupert and Rothschild Vignerons was evaluated and piloted the investigation of physico-chemical treatment technologies. Research into the applicability of induced sedimentation (coagulation) and chemical oxidation (ozone) was the first of its kind for winery wastewater as substrate, and provided an interesting dimension in the sense of pragmatic and economic feasibility. Dissolved and suspended particles present in winery wastewater do not settle by gravity alone, thus requiring sedimentation agents (coagulants). Benchscale experiments were conducted employing four types of pre-polymerised metal salt coagulants (polyaluminium chloride). Successful sedimentation of turbidity inducing compounds (up to 98 %) and suspended solid fractions (up to 92%) was achieved. These coagulants are highly suitable for the treatment of winery wastewater since the investigation showed that they are effective over a broad pH and dosage range. In addition, rapid sedimentation rates were observed, favouring thickener design economy. Ozone is a potent oxidising agent, and has been reported to increase the biodegradability of dissolved organic compounds and result in the decolouring of wastewaters. Ozonation is highly pH dependent, with hydroxyl radical activity dominating at alkaline pH. In the majority of gas-liquid contacting systems, the kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction is not limited by the chemical reaction rate, but by the transport of ozone to the liquid phase. To compensate, the ozone concentration in the gas phase is increased. Coupled to the primary investigation on the applicability of ozone treatment for winery wastewater, thus emerged a secondary investigation into an enhanced mass transfer system, realised by the use of impinging stream technology. The ozone transfer in a conventional bubble-column was compared to that of an impinging-stream jet-reactor. The latter significantly improved the ozone transfer to the winery wastewater, resulting in the rate-limiting step being the chemical reaction rate. Ozonation resulted in the increased biodegradability of the winery wastewater, and complete colour and odour elimination. Concerning jet-reactors, the principal importance lies in the substantial reduction in the initial ozone concentration requirement, thereby rendering the process more economically feasible. Following the investigation of the wastewater dynamics, the determination of eco-toxicology during irrigation should be conducted in future. When considering induced sedimentation, further studies should be directed towards ascertaining the most economic yet efficient dosage of the coagulant. Similarly, a study concerning the economic viability of ozone efficiency should be realised in terms of the energy requirements for both ozone generation and the operation of jet-reactors. Although the jet reactor poses a benefit for enhanced mass transfer, the essential criterion concerning residence time in the reactor must be addressed for positive results. Since no single solution exists for the treatment of winery wastewaters, the application of the considered technology must be carefully selected and incorporated in a treatment design; the two foremost criteria for selection being efficiency and economy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ekologiese stelsels en natuurlike waterbronne word gedurig bedreig deur besoedeling, dus moet ten aile tye gepoog word om besoedeling te minimiseer of te voorkom. Gedurende die laaste dekade is al hoe meer kommer uitgespreek oor die besoedeling van afloop water afkomstig van wyn en spiritualiee-vervaardiging. Navorsing aangaande wynafloopwater het ontstaan in die vroee negentigs, hoofsaaklik in Australie en Frankryk. Hierdie navorsing het gelei tot die karakterisering van wynafloopwater, en die uiteenlopendheid van hierdie water aangaande die kwaliteit en kwantiteit tussen kelders, is aangetoon. As gevolg van veranderinge in die SuidAfrikaanse wetgewing, asook 'n groeiende bewuswording van omgewingsake, het die noodsaaklikheid van omgewings impak-studies vir wynkelders na vore getree. Tot op hede is navorsing van hierdie aard nog nie in Suid Afrika gedoen nie. Vorige navorsing op die behandeling van wynafloopwater het meestal biologiese tegnologiee behels, met 'n mate van sukses maar ook met tekortkominge. Die meederheid wynkelders in Suid Afrika is in die Wes-Kaap gelee, baie binne dieselfde opvanggebied. Wynkelders kan tussen 1 tot 10 liter afloop water produseer per liter wyn geproduseer. Hierdie afloop het tipies 'n hoe konsentrasie organiese stowwe (is dus arm aan suurstof), is troebel en suur, en bevat gesuspendeerde materiaal. Gewoonlik word die wynafloop water besproei in die nabyheid van natuurlike waterbronne. Die besoedeling van watertafels en waterbronne kan dus plaasvind. Die kwantifisering, kwalifisering en behandeling van wynafloopwater word ondersoek in hierdie tesis. Die wynafloopwater van die hoofsaaklik rooiwyn produserende Rupert en Rothschild Vignerons, het gedien as proefstudie tydens 'n twee-jaar wynafloopwateroudit. 'n Deeglike analise in die formaat van 'n veelomvattende oudit is uitgevoer op die wynmaakproses en die waterafvoerstrome. 'n Akkurate bepaling van die oorsprong van waterkontaminasie, asook die eienskappe daarvan is bewerkstellig. Die oudit behels 'n spesifiek ontwerpte monsternemingprotokol, waarvan die formaat geformuleer is om te dien as 'n beginpunt vir die ontwikkeling van 'n Omgewingsbestuurstelsel (08S), uniek vir Rupert en Rothschild Vignerons. Hierdie 08S sluit toekomstige doelstellings vir die kwaliteit (chemiese suurstofbehoefte, gesuspendeerde vaste stowwe, pH, turbiditeit) van wynafloopwater in, asook 'n omgewingsbeleid. Die installering van 'n waterbehandelingsisteem moet geskied om te voldoen aan hierdie voorgestelde doelstellings. Die effektiwiteit van die huidige behandeling sisteem teenwoordig by Rupert en Rothschild Vignerons is geevalueer en het gelei tot navorsing oor fisieschemiese behandelingstegnologiee. Navorsing aangaande die toepassing van geinduseerde sedimentasie (koagulasie) en chemiese oksidasie (osoon), is vir die eerste keer toegepas op wynafloopwater, en het interessante gevolge in 'n pragmatiese en ekonomiese sin. Opgelosde en gesuspendeerde partikels teenwoordig in wynafloopwater sak nie onder normale gravitasie uit nie, en dus word die toediening van sedimentasie-induserende middels benodig. Eksperimente is in die laboratorium uitgevoer met vier verskillende gepolimeriseerde metaalsoutkoagulante (poli-aluminiumchloriedes). Dit het gelei tot die effektiewe sedimentering van stowwe wat troebelheid (turbiditeit) veroorsaak (tot 98 %) en ook gesuspendeerde stowwe (tot 92 %). Dit is gevind dat hierdie tipe koagulante hoogs geskik is vir die behandeling van wynafloop water, aangesien hulle effektief is by 'n wye pH- en doseringsreeks. Die uitsaktempo is vinnig, wat dus die ontwerp van 'n uitsaktenk (verdikker) ekonomies maak. Osoon is 'n sterk oksideermiddel, terwyl talle verslae aandui dat dit die biologiese ontbinding van opgelosde stowwe verhoog en die ontkleuring van afloopwaters tot. gevolg het. Osonering is pH afhanklik; by alkaliese pH oorheers die werking van hidroksielradikale. In die meerderheid gasvloeistofkontaksisteme word die kinetika van die heterogene chemiese reaksie nie beperk deur die intrinsieke reaksietempo nie, maar deur die vervoer van osoon na die vloeistoffase. Om te kompenseer hiervoor, word die osoon konsentrasie in die gasfase verhoog. Gekoppel aan die primere ondersoek aangaande die toepasbaarheid van osoonbehandeling op wynafloopwater, het 'n tweede ondersoek onstaan aangaande verhoogde massa-oordragssisteme deur die gebruik van hoeintensiteit spuitreaktore. Die osoonoordrag in konvensionele borrelkolomme is vergelyk met die van 'n hoe intensiteit spuitreaktor. Laasgenoemde het die osoonoordrag na die wynafloopwater aansienlik verhoog, met die gevolg dat die chemiese reaksie die beperking op die reaksie tempo geplaas het. Osonering het die biodegradasie van die wynafloop water verhoog, asook die kleur en reuk verwyder. By die spuit-reaktor Ie die belangrikheid daarin by die aansienlike veriaging in die aanvanklike behoefte aan osoonkonsentrasie, derhalwe is hierdie oordragsisteem meer ekonomies. Na afloop van die ondersoek op die dinamika van wynafloopwater, moet die ekotoksisiteit gedurende besproeiing bepaal word vir toekomstige doeleindes. Indien ge"induseerde sedimentasie verlang word, kan verdere studie gedoen word om die mees ekonomiese dosis van die koagulant te bepaal. Ooreenstemmend, moet die ekonomiese lewensvatbaarheid van die osoon effektiwiteit bepaal word ten opsigte van die energiebehoefte van beide die osoongenerasie en die werking van die hoe-intensiteit spuitreaktor. Alhoewel die spuitreaktor verhoogde massa-oordrag bewerkstellig, moet die effek van die residensietyd in die reaktor inag geneem word word ten einde positiewe resultate te verkry. Geen enkele oplossing bestaan vir die behandeling van wynafloop water nie, derhalwe moet die toepassing van die beoogde sisteem versigtig gekies word en ingesluit word in die ontwerp van 'n behandelingsisteem; die twee vernaamste maatstawwe is ondermeer effektiwiteit en ekonomiese aspekte.

Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Recently concern has been raised regarding effluent from wine cellars, as it often does not comply with environmental legislation. It was with this in mind that the effluent problem at Ashton Cellars was addressed. After carrying out a water audit of the plant, described in Chapter 3, it was concluded that the ion exchange plant is a significant contributor to the low pH and high conductivity of the effluent dam. Decreasing the effluent from the ion exchange plant should therefore help in improving the total effluent quality. During the water audit opportunities to improve the effluent by making small process changes in the cellar were identified. The primary objective of this study was to provide guidelines to improve the quality and decrease the volume of the effluent from the ion-exchange plant to more environmentally acceptable levels, whilst maintaining product specifications and production rates. This was achieved by studying the operation of the plant (Chapter 4) and testing the characteristics of the current and alternative resins (Chapter 5). Auditing of the ion exchanges plant included a detailed analysis of the regeneration and loading of the ion exchange columns. It was concluded that the operation of the plant can only be optimised once pH and/or conductivity meters, and preferably an automated control system, are installed on the plant. The results given in this thesis can be used as a guide when setting up such a control system. Laboratory testing of the resins revealed that the cation resin currently being used on the plant has been fouled and loads at a slow rate. When the resins are replaced, the use of Purolite CISO and Purolite A103S should be considered as these resins gave the most favourable results. Some alternative treatment methods for the processing of grape must, have been mentioned in Chapter 6. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Al meer kornrner word deesdae uitgespreek oor wynkelders se afvalwater, omdat dit meerendeels nie aan die vereistes van omgewingswetgewing voldoen nie. Dit was met hierdie probleem in die oog dat die afvalwater probleem by Ashton Kelders ondersoek IS. Nadat 'n wateroudit van die fabriek, soos beskryf in Hoofstuk 3, uitgevoer is, is daar tot die slotsom gekom dat die ioonuitruilsisteem 'n groot bydra tot die lae pH en hoe konduktiwiteit van die afvaldam lewer. Indien die ioonuitruilsisteem se uitvloeisel verminder kon word, sou dit tot 'n groot mate bydrae tot 'n verbetering van die totale uitvloei kwaliteit. Gedurende die wateroudit is verskeie moontlikhede vir die verbetering van die uitvloei deur klein prosesveranderinge aan te bring, geidentifiseer. Hierdie studie het as hoof oogmerk die daarstelling van riglyne vir die verbetering van die kwaliteit en grote van die afvalstrome van die ioonuitruilsisteem om sodeende aan omgewingswetgewing te voldoen, maar ter selfder tyd die produk spesifikasies en tempos te handhaaf. Dit is gedoen deur die huidige bedryf van die fabriek te bestudeer (Hoofstuk 4) en die eienskappe van die huidige en altematiewe ioonuitruilharse te toets (Hoofstuk 5). Die oudit van die ioonuitruilsisteem het 'n gedetaileerde anaIiese van die hergenerasie en lading van die ioonuitruilkolornrne ingesluit. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat die bedryf van die sisteem alleenlik geoptirniseer kon word indien pH en/of konduktiwiteitsmeters, en verkieslik 'n automatiese kontrolesisteem geinstalleer word. Die resultate van hierdie tesis kan as basis vir so 'n kontrole sisteem gebruik word. Die laboratoriumtoetse op die harse het aan die lig gebring dat die katioonhars wat tans in gebruik is, baie vervuil is en net teen 'n lae tempo belaai kan word. Wanneer die harse vervang word, word die gebruik van Purolite el50 en Purolite A103S aangeraai, aangesien hierdie harse die beste resultate gelewer het. Altematiewe behandelingsmetodes van druifmos is in Hoofstuk 6 genoem.

Thesis (MAgricAdmin )--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African wine industry has gone through a difficult period of having to undergo major changes, most markedly in respect of its economic structure and institutional framework over the last twelve years. The reintroduction of the wine industry to the world markets has brought wide-ranging opportunities, as reflected by the increase in the number of exports. However, such a reintroduction has also brought pressure to bear in terms of both local and international competitiveness. The increased pressure on the industry has resulted in serious effects on the wine producers concerned, both in terms of meeting the international standards and in terms of having to cope with sophisticated consumer needs. The current study assesses to what degree, if any, membership characteristics impact on wine cooperatives in South Africa. The central question to be addressed is whether the characteristics of members who are involved in the governance structures of wine cooperatives impact on the manner in which cooperative governance is pursued. To address the research question stated above, the study used a list of wine cooperatives obtained from Wines Cellars South Africa (WCSA), which captured the relevant data relating to all the existing wine cooperatives in 2006. From the list, 46 wine cooperatives were randomly selected. Representatives of some of the cooperatives were sent questionnaires by email, with the representatives of other cooperative being personally interviewed. A qualitative analysis, making use of the Likert Scale method, was performed. The analysis made use of 16 belief statements to determine the degree of belief held in such statements, in order to ascertain the general degree of understanding regarding those membership characteristics that could potentially influence wine cooperative governance. A quantitative analysis was performed, using Statistica Version 8 to ascertain the possible relations between certain factors (variables). Of the 16 variables which were selected for the analysis, only 8 variables showed positive and significant relations. The results obtained in the study showed a high degree of investment-related incentive problems (caused by conflicts of interest, due to the different returns acquired by the members and their diverse risk profiles), as well as a high degree of decision-related incentive problems (caused by the influence of education, occupation and experience on the decision-making process). The study also attempted to ascertain the general perception of collective action approach in the wine industry. The assessment revealed that sentiments relating to the collective action approach in the wine industry still exist. The results of the quantitative analysis showed the relations existing between eight different variables to be influential factors in relation to the decision-making process. Furthermore, the study used New Institutional Economics of property rights and agency theories to confirm the agency dilemmas existing within the wine cooperatives. Such theories, together with their possible effects on the pursuit of cooperative governance, are addressed towards the end of the study. Generally, the study shows that differences in membership characteristics can lead to different levels of member expectations, resulting in steering the organisation in different directions during the decision-making process. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf het ’n moeilike tydperk van grootskaalse veranderinge oor die afgelope twaalf jaar beleef, soos waarneembaar uit die veranderinge in sy ekonomiese struktuur sowel as institusionele raamwerke. Die hertoetrede van die bedryf tot die wêreldmark het uitstekende geleenthede in terme van uitvoere gebring, maar dit het ook druk op die bedryf geplaas om meer mededingend te wees plaaslik en internasionaal. Die toenemende druk op die bedryf het ernstige gevolge vir wynprodusente beide in terme van die voldoening aan internasionale standaarde en om aan gesofistikeerde verbruikersbehoeftes te voorsien. Hierdie studie ondersoek die impak van ledeeienskappe van wynkoöperasies. Die vraag is of die eienskappe van die lede van die koöperasies se bestuurstruktuur ’n invloed het op die wyse waarop die koöperasie bestuur word. Om hierdie navorsingsvraag aan te spreek, het die studie ’n lys van wynkoöperasies van Wynkelders Suid Afrika (WKSA) gebruik, wat al die bestaande wynkoöperasies in 2006 gelys het. Ses en veertig wynkoöperasies is ewekansig gekies. Vraelyste is per epos gestuur en persoonlike onderhoude is met ander gevoer. ’n Kwalitatiewe analise is gevolg deur die gebruik van ’n Likertskaal metode wat bestaan het uit sestien stellings om te bepaal hoe sterk sekere opinies gehuldig word. Sodoende kon ’n algemene indruk verkry word van die lideienskappe wat potensieel die bestuur van die koöperasie kon beïnvloed. ’n Kwantitatiewe analise is ook gedoen deur die gebruik van Statistica 8 om die moontlike verhoudings tussen sekere faktore of veranderlikes te bepaal. Sestien veranderlikes is gekies vir hierdie analise en slegs agt veranderlikes het positiewe en betekenisvolle verhoudings getoon. Resultate toon baie beleggingsverwante motiveringsprobleme (wat veroorsaak word deur konflikterende belange as gevolg van verskillende opbrengste verkry deur lede en hul diverse risikoprofiele) en besluitnemingsverwante motiveringsprobleme (veroorsaak deur die invloed van opleiding, betrekking en ervaring in die besluitnemingsproses). Die studie het ook probeer om die algemene persepsie van die koöperatiewe benadering in die wynbedryf te bepaal. Die assessering wys dat sentiment oor die koöperatiewe benadering die wynindustrie steeds bestaan. Die resultate van die kwantitatiewe analise het verhoudings getoon tussen agt veranderlikes as invloedryke veranderlikes tot die besluitnemingsproses Verder het die studie die ‘New Institutional Economics’ van eiendomsreg gebruik en agentskap teorieë om die dilemmas van agentskappe binne die wynkoöperasies te bevestig. Hierdie dilemmas word aan die einde van die studie aangespreek tesame met hul moontlike effek op die uitoefening van koöperatiewe bestuur. Oor die algemeen wys die studie dat verskille in lede eienskappe kan lei tot verskillende vlakke van lede verwagtings en daarom, die stuur van die organisasie in ’n ander rigting gedurende die besluitnemingsproses.

Thesis (MScAgricAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research paper attempts to elucidate the main issues surrounding the integration of ethical trade, meaning the building, monitoring, and communicating of social and/or environmental responsibility, within the South African wine industry. The author first establishes the hypothesis that social and/or environmental responsibility is important to the South African wine industry, as this investment could theoretically provide the industry with a competitive advantage in an increasingly cutthroat international wine market by addressing the industry's most outstanding defects: the lack of quality production, the need for investment in natural resources (labour and the environment), as well as the call for building brand equity and niche marketing strategies. Put differently, this paper suggests that the investment in social and/or environmental responsibility could offer cost-saving benefits to the industry as well as paving a road to international market access. This research first gives a background of ethical trade and determines a picture of the current situation of the South African wine industry, and lastly, given this information, derives the key opportunities, obstacles, and implications of the potential amalgamation of ethical trade in the industry. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die belangrikste probleme rondom die integrering van etiese handel, waarby bedoel word die bou, monitering en kommunikering van sosiale en/of omgewingsverantwoordelike produksie, binne die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf, toe te lig. Eers word die belangrikheid van etiese handel vir die bedryf vasgestel, en word redeneer dat sodanige belegging teoreties aan die bedryf 'n mededingende voordeel in die internasionale mark kan bied deur aandag te gee aan sekerlik die belangrikste tekortkominge in die Suid-Afrikaanse bedryf. Dit sluit in die gebrek aan genoegsame kwaliteit-produksie, die behoefte aan belegging in kritiese hulpbronne, naamlik mense en die omgewing, asook 'n wekroep vir belegging in handelsmerke en niche-strategieë. Anders gestel, word die voorstel gemaak dat sulke beleggings tot voordeel van die bedryf kan wees deur dat dit koste-besparings en verbeterde toegang tot die internasionale mark teweeg kan bring. Daarom word die begrip etiese handel eers toegelig, gevolg deur 'n strategiese ontleding van die Suid-Afrikaanse bedryf. Gegewe hierdie inligting, word die sleutel geleenthede, beperkinge, en implikasies van die aanvaarding van etiese handel dan ontleed.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This mini-study project examines the strategic position of the Douglas Wine Cellar in context with the dynamics in the wine industry. For success in the future it suggests that producers, manufactures and marketing strategies will have to focus on doing the same things differently as well as doing different things, with the emphasis on improving productivity, increasing quality focus and generating value-added products aimed at meeting market requirements. The greater focus on productivity in agriculture should include wider use of effective farming practices, more effective use of capital equipment, more effective implementation of Research & Development results, product differentiation and brand building as well as the development of distribution channels with the ability to deliver these products in a cost effective and timely manner. There is no single "Superhighway". Routes are complex and discontinuous with an ever increasing pace of change. Today we live and work in a technology rich society. Rapid advancements in all industries are occurring daily. To survive and prosper, Douglas Wine Cellar must commit to a continual processof advancement and improvement of strategies to fulfill the vision of GWKLtd. THE VISION OF GWK IS TO BE A SUSTAINABLE AGRI-BUSINESS OF EXCELLENCE / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk is onderneem ten einde die strategiese posisie van Douglas Wynkelder in die konteks van die wynindustrie dinamika te ondersoek. Sukses in die toekoms hang daarvan af of produsente, vervaardigers en bemarkingstrategië daarop fokus om dieselfde dinge verskillend te doen sowel as om nuwe stelsels te implementeer, met die klem op produktiwiteit, verhoogde kwaliteit en die generering van waardetoegevoegde produkte wat aan die markbehoeftesvoldoen. Die groter fokus op produktiwiteit in die landbou behoort die algemene verbruik van effektiewe boerderypraktyke, effektiewe kapitaalspandering, effektiewe implementering van navorsings- & ontwikkelingsresultate, produkdifferensiasie en handelsmerk-uitbouing in te sluit, asook die ontwikkeling van distribusiekanale met die vermoë om produkte koste effektief en tydig aan die mark te lewer. Daar bestaan geen enkele "super hoofweg" nie. Roetes is kompleks en nie volhoubaar nie, met ewigdurende veranderings. Vandag lewe en werk ons in 'n tegnologies-ontwikkelde samelewing. Vinnige vooruitgang in alle industrië is aan die orde van die dag. Om te oorleef en welvaart te skep moet Douglas Wynkelder die pad betree van voortdurende vordering en verbetering van strategië, om sodoende aan die visie van GWK Bpk te voldoen. DIE VISIE VAN GWK IS OM IN VOLHOUBARE LANDBOUBESIGHEID VAN UITNEMENDHEID TE WEES

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South African Chenin blanc wine is characterised by its style diversity and has been receiving more industry limelight over the past few years. Three dry Chenin blanc wine styles are currently described by the wine industry as Fresh and Fruity (FF), Rich and Ripe unwooded (RR-unwooded) and, Rich and Ripe wooded (RR-wooded). According to the South African wine industry, however, consumers seem to be somewhat confused by these various Chenin blanc wine styles, which have not yet been clearly defined and classified. During this study we investigated the following perspectives of this wine style classification confusion: Currently, no specified sensory method is being used to differentiate between wine styles of a single wine cultivar, such as Chenin blanc. The sorting method can be used as a more cost and time effective classification and profiling method than general quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). It was therefore investigated whether both uninstructed and instructed sorting, with consumers and wine experts, can be used to classify and describe the Chenin blanc wine styles similarly to QDA. The increase in young wine consumers, Generation Y, introduces new wine marketing opportunities for the wine industry which need to be investigated. Young consumers are not aware of the various Chenin blanc wine styles, which may influence their wine preferences. The influence of wine style knowledge on these consumers’ wine style preferences were investigated during blind and wine style informed preference test. Any segmentation within this Generation Y group was also investigated with regards to their Chenin blanc wine style preferences and/or exploratory data. The following scientific and industrial findings were made: QDA was successfully substituted by instructed and uninstructed sorting tasks. Although the sorting tasks easily differentiated between wooded and unwooded wines, QDA differentiated more successfully between the unwooded wines. Wine tasting experience did not significantly influence the sorting results of the consumers versus the wine experts, but more experienced panellists consistently used fewer descriptors than untrained consumers. All panellists sorted products slightly better when they were provided with wine style sorting instructions. However, there were no significant differences between the instructed and uninstructed sorting task results, i.e. a wine style descriptor list did not improve panellists’ abilities to describe their sorted wine groups. South African Chenin blanc wines can definitely be divided into wooded and unwooded wine styles, i.e. two wine style groups, but the unwooded Chenin blanc wine spectrum formed a wine-style-continuum. This finding is apparent from both the sorting and QDA methods. The unwooded continuum wines can further be differentiated from one another with the use of a fresh-to-mature scale and/or a light-to-full body scale during QDA. Generation Y wine consumers preferred all the Chenin blanc wine styles equally and moderately during the blind tasting, but their knowledge of the wine style concepts significantly increased their preferences for the wines during the informed wine style tasting. The cognitive influence of wine style knowledge is therefore powerful in terms of influencing a consumer’s wine preferences. Other interesting correlations were also made between Generation Y consumers’ wine style preferences and their exploratory data. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrikaanse Chenin blanc wyn word gekarakteriseer deur styl diversiteit en is die afgelope paar jaar meer in die kollig. Drie droë Chenin blanc wynstyle word tans deur die wynbedryf beskryf as: Vars en Vrugtig, Ryk en Ryp ongehout en, Ryk en Ryp gehout. Volgens die Suid- Afrikaanse wynbedryf is daar heelwat verwarring is tussen hierdie Chenin blanc wynstyle weens die feit dat hierdie wynstyle nog nie duidelik gedefinieer en geklassifiseer is nie. Tydens die huidige studie het ons die volgende perspektiewe van hierdie wynstyl-verwarring ondersoek: Huidiglik word daar geen gespesifiseerde sensoriese metode gebruik om te onderskei tussen verskillende wynstyle van ’n enkele wyn kultivar, soos Chenin blanc, nie. Die sorteringsmetode kan gebruik word, instede van kwantitatiewe beskrywende analise, as ’n meer koste- en tyd-effektiewe produk klassifikasie en profileringsmetode. DIt was dus ondersoek of beide geïnstrukteerde en ongeïnstrukteerde sorteringstake, met verbruikers en wynkundiges, gebruik kan word om die verskeie Chenin blanc wynstyle kan profileer en klassifiseer soortgelyk soos kwantitatiewe beskrywende analise. Die toename in jong verbruikers, Generasie Y, skep nuwe wynbemarkingsgeleenthede wat ondersoek moet word. Jong verbruikers se onbewustheid van die verskeidenheid Chenin blanc wynstyle mag hulle voorkeure vir hierdie wyne beïnvloed. Die invloed van wynstyl kennis op hierdie jong verbruikers se wynstyl voorkeure was ook ondersoek gedurende ’n blinde en ’n wynstyl-ingeligte voorkeur toets. Enige segmentasie binne hierdie Generasie Y verbruikersgroep was ook ondersoek in verband met hul Chenin blanc wynstyl voorkeure en/of verkennende data. Die volgende wetenskaplike en industriële bevindings is gemaak: Kwantitatiewe beskrywende analise kan suksesvol vervang word deur beide geïnstrukteerde en ongeïnstrukteerde sorteringsmetodes. Alhoewel die sorteringsmetodes maklik gebruik kon word om te onderskei tussen gehoute en ongehoute wyne, kan kwantitatiewe beskrywende analise fyner onderskeid tref tussen die individuele ongehoute wyne. Die wynproe-ervaringsvlak het geen invloed op die sorteringsresultate gehad nie, maar meer ervare paneellede het konsekwent gebruik gemaak van minder beskrywende terme as onopgeleide verbruikers wat baie meer en verskillende soorte terme gebruik het. Beide panele het effens beter gesorteer wanneer hulle spesifieke wynstyl sorteringsinstruksies ontvang het. Daar was egter geen beduidende verskille tussen die geïnstrukteerde en ongeïnstrukteerde sorteringsresultate nie, wat daarop dui dat sorteringsinstruksies en ’n lys van wynstyl beskrywings nie die paneellede se wyse van sortering verander het nie. Suid-Afrikaanse Chenin blanc wyne kan definitief verdeel word in gehoute en ongehoute wynstyle, d.w.s twee wynstyl groepe, maar die ongehoute Chenin blanc wyn spektrum vorm ’n wynstyl-kontinuum. Laasgenoemde is bevind tydens beide die sorteringstake asook kwantitatiewe beskrywende analise. Die ongehoute kontinuum wyne kan verder van mekaar onderskei word met behulp van ‘n vars-tot-volryp en/of ‘n ligte-tot-volmond skaal tydens kwantitatiewe beskrywende analise. Alle jong wyn verbruikers het ewe veel van al die wynstyle gehou tydens die blinde wynstyl voorkeur toets, maar tydens die wynstyl-ingeligte voorkeur toets het hulle voorkeure vir al die wynstyle drasties verbeter. Die kognitiewe invloed van Chenin blanc wynstyl kennis kan dus lei tot hoër voorkeure vir die wynstyle. Ander interessante korrelasies is ook bevind tussen hierdie Generasie Y wyn verbruikersgroep se wynstyl voorkeure en hul verkennende data.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wine tourism is emerging as an increasingly significant phenomenon in wine-producing regions throughout the world. The Stellenbosch Wine Region (SWR) is no exception and has experienced dramatic changes in the last decade. However, despite the documented industry development and rapid participant expansion, there has been insufficient systematic study of the extent, development, management and marketing of the wine tourism product provided by wine farms. This study investigates the SWR in terms of the commercial efforts, initiatives, services, facilities and the commodification of resources that occur on wine farms to form the wine tourism product. The aim of the study is to establish the degree of commercialisation and commodification in the SWR. This is achieved through realising three research objectives, namely 􀂾���������� compiling a thorough and complete list of manifestations and indicators that describe commercialisation and commodification in the wine tourism product on wine farms; 􀂾���������� establishing the degree of commercialisation and commodification at each individual wine farm in the research area; and 􀂾���������� portraying and analysing the spatial distribution of the degrees of commercialisation and commodification. A focus group of twelve individuals involved with wine tourism allocated relative importance weightings for each of the 81 identified manifestations and indicators of commercialisation and commodification compiled in the questionnaire that was distributed to the wine farms in the study area. The questionnaire required respondents to indicate the presence or absence of the listed manifestations or indicators on their respective farms. This data, used in conjunction with the importance weightings, facilitated the calculation of a value representing the degree of commercialisation and commodification for each farm, and so too for the SWR. The study results confirmed the importance of commercialisation and commodification with every wine farm having some form of these phenomena and the SWR having a 38 percent average degree of commercialisation and commodification. Of the five wine routes in the SWR, the Stellenbosch Hills route has the highest degree of commercialisation and commodification with 42 percent. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die opkoms van wyntoerisme is ‘n toenemend betekenisvolle verskynsel in wynstreke dwarsoor die wêreld. Die Stellenbosch Wynstreek (SWS) is geen uitsondering nie en het dramatiese veranderinge oor die laaste dekade ervaar. Ten spyte van die gedokumenteerde ontwikkeling in die bedryf en die vinnige deelnemer uitbreiding, is daar nie genoegsame sistematiese studie van die omvang, ontwikkeling, bestuur en bemarking van die wyntoerismeproduk, gelewer deur die wynplase, nie. Hierdie studie ondersoek die SWS in terme van die kommersiële pogings, inisiatiewe, dienste, fasiliteite en die kommodifikasie van hulpbronne wat op wynplase gevind word om die wyntoerismeproduk te vorm. Die doel van die studie is om die graad van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie in die SWS vas te stel. Dit word bereik deur die realisering van drie navorsingsdoelwitte, naamlik 􀂾��������� die definiëring van ‘n volledige en deeglike lys van manifestasies en indikatore wat die kommersialisering en kommodifikasie van die wyntoerismeproduk op wynplase beskryf; 􀂾��������� die bepaling van die graad van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie by elke wynplaas in die navorsingsgebied; en 􀂾��������� die uitbeelding en analisering van die ruimtelike verspreiding van die grade van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie. ‘n Fokusgroep, bestaande uit twaalf individue betrokke in wyntoerisme, het relatiewe belangrikheidsgewigte toegeken aan elk van die geїdentifiseerde manifestasies en indikatore van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie, wat saamgevoeg is in die vraelyste wat versprei is na die onderskeie wynplase in die studiegebied. Die respondente moes die teenwoordigheid of afwesigheid van die gelyste manifestasies aandui. Hierdie data, saam met die belangrikheidsgewigte, is aangewend om waardes te bereken wat die graad van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie van elke wynplaas, asook die SWS, verteenwoordig. Die navorsing bevestig die belangrikheid van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie en elke plaas is gekenmerk deur vorme van hierdie verskynsels met die SWS wat ‘n 38 persent gemiddelde graad van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie behaal. Van die vyf wynroetes in die SWS, het die Stellenbosch Hills-roete die hoogste graad van kommersialisering en kommodifikasie vertoon, naamlik 42 persent.

Thesis (MA (Information Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The globalised business environment of the 21st century is a complex space for organisations to navigate. As a means of dealing with the challenges and demands brought about by increased interconnectedness and interdependence, organisations are increasingly turning to information and communication technology (ICT), and especially advanced forms of ICT such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. An ERP system encompasses the promise of a seamless integration of business processes to be managed by a single business software application, which can be used to increase competitiveness and assist managers in strategically positioning their organisations for the future. This is especially true in the case of small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which constitute a large and important part of the economies of numerous countries. As the ERP systems market for larger organisations became saturated at the beginning of the previous decade, ERP system vendors started to target SMEs by developing smaller and less expensive software solutions specifically aimed at this market segment. However, research has shown that these enterprises differ from their larger counterparts in size-specific and industry-specific ways which can greatly affect their acquisition of ERP systems: SMEs often face severe resource constraints and cannot afford the costs associated with failed ERP system implementation efforts. As a result, it becomes all the more important to follow a proper ERP system selection procedure before committing scarce and irrevocable resources to implementation. The purpose of this thesis is to define and describe the size-specific and industryspecific factors that play an important role during ERP system selection (Chapter 1). ERP system selection factors in the literature are summarised and synthesised into a comprehensive framework used to guide the execution of the study (Chapter 2). To this end, a qualitative case study was conducted on an SME in the wine industry of the Western Cape that was in the process of selecting an ERP system. Data were collected by critically analysing and reviewing documents, conducting direct observations of requirements analysis meetings and interviewing participants purposefully selected for the study (Chapter 3). Five major themes emerged from the analysis of the collected data and from this a total of 14 selection factors are identified (Chapter 4). These results largely corroborate existing selection factors from the literature and allows ideas proposed by various authors to be expanded on. In this way, a theoretical foundation is laid for the development of an ERP system selection model for SMEs in the Western Cape wine industry in future research (Chapter 5). The contribution of this research lies in the emphasis it places on the different benefits and shortcomings present in each quadrant of the proposed model and the explanation it provides for how this influences a selection factor trade-off that is unique to each organisation and the industry it operates in. This insight can be used to direct the ERP system selection process. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die geglobaliseerde besigheidsomgewing van die 21ste eeu is ’n komplekse ruimte waarbinne organisasies moet navigeer. Daarom wend organisasies hulle toenemend tot informasieen kommunikasietegnologie (IKT), en veral ondernemingshulpbronbeplannings (OHB)- sisteme, in ’n poging om hierdie arena se uitdagings en vereistes wat deur toenemende interverbinding en -afhanklikheid meegebring word die hoof te bied. ’n OHB-sisteem dra die belofte van ’n uniforme integrasie van besigheidsprosesse wat deur ’n enkele besigheidsagtewareprogrammatuur bestuur kan word. Dit kan aangewend word om mededingendheid te bevorder en om bestuurders by te staan om hul organisasies strategies te posisioneer vir die toekoms. Dit is veral van toepassing in die geval van klein- tot medium-grootte ondernemings (KMOs) wat ’n groot en belangrike deel van die ekonomieë van verskeie lande verteenwoordig. Teen die begin van die vorige dekade het OHB-sisteemverkopers hul fokus van groot ondernemings na KMOs verskuif deur kleiner en goedkoper sagteware te ontwikkel wat spesifiek op hierdie marksegment gemik was. Navorsing het egter bewys dat hierdie ondernemings van hul groter eweknieë verskil in terme van grootte en industrie en dat dit ’n beduidende impak kan hê op die verwerwing van OHB-sisteme: KMOs ervaar dikwels ernstige hulpbrontekorte en kan nie die koste verbonde aan mislukte OHBsisteemimplementering bekostig nie. Gevolglik raak dit toenemend belangrik dat hierdie ondernemings ’n behoorlike OHB-sisteemseleksieprosedure volg, voordat skaars en onvervangbare hulpbronne aan die implementering van dié sagteware bestee word. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die grootte- en industrie-spesifieke faktore wat ’n belangrike rol gedurende OHB-sisteemseleksie speel te definieer en te beskryf (Hoofstuk 1). OHB-sisteemseleksiefaktore in die literatuur is opgesom en saamgevat in ’n omvattende raamwerk wat die uitvoering van die studie gerig het (Hoofstuk 2). ’n Kwalitatiewe gevallestudie is gevolglik uitgevoer op ’n KMO in die Wes-Kaapse wynindustrie wat besig was om ’n OHB-sisteem te selekteer. Data is ingesamel deur dokumente krities te analiseer en te hersien, deur direkte observasies van behoefte-analise-vergaderings te maak en onderhoude te voer met deelnemers aan die studie, wat spesifiek vir hierdie doel geselekteer is (Hoofstuk 3). Vyf prominente temas en ’n totaal van 14 seleksiefaktore is vanuit die analise van die data bepaal (Hoofstuk 4). Hierdie resultate bevestig grotendeels bestaande seleksiefaktore in die literatuur en fasiliteer die verdere uitbou van bestaande idees van verskeie outeurs. Op hierdie manier word ’n teoretiese grondslag vir die ontwikkeling van ’n model vir OHB-sisteemseleksie in toekomstige navorsing gelê (Hoofstuk 5). Die bydrae van hierdie navorsing lê in die klem wat dit plaas op die verskillende voor- en nadele teenwoordig in elke kwadrant van die voorgestelde model en in die verduideliking van die impak daarvan op ’n uitruiling van seleksiefaktore wat uniek is aan elke organisasie en die industrie waarin dit werksaam is. Hierdie insig kan uiteindelik gebruik word om die OHB-sisteemseleksieprosedure te rig.

Thesis (MTech(Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012 / To design from a human perspective rather than from existing technological opportunities, and involving multiple stakeholders with their different perspectives, is an important aspect of participatory design and user-centered design. This thesis project was an explorative study done on a wine estate, in the Western Cape, South Africa, to find novel ICT solutions, for supporting co-operation and planning between multiple and individual work tasks in the work practice. This research explored potentials to manage multiple stakeholders and use their different perspectives to inform design research. The thesis project shows the ethnographic research gathered through video shadowing, workshop results involving the users to contribute to the development of the design by acting with a projection, leading up to a design opening and further focused on the concept development with the stakeholders.The thesis proposes a simulated concept namely the Visual Calculator (VC). This system is designed to involve several participators within a work practice. It supports calculation activities for spraying and buying chemicals. It saves the user time by incorporating standard calculations to output needed information faster. It supports planning, management and record keeping aspects of the farm manager’s work practice in the vineyard spraying process. Although the concept was more fully developed for the farm manager, the VC involves two other work roles including the owner and foreman. The concept focuses on a human centered perspective, instead of making the system fully automated, giving users control and not controlling the users. For this to be successful work should be divided and have equal responsibilities, each stakeholder can contribute and value their part of the work, knowing where it fits in, why it is important and how it influences other aspects of the work practice. The research outcome involves, envisioning the future potentials of the design (VC), design for participation, a way to identify design openings, problem solving and conceptualizing by utilizing user’s strengths.