Thesis (MAgricAdmin.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African wine industry produces a million tons of grapes annually and supports approximately 300 000 people, including dependants. For the biggest part of the zo" century the industry was governed by a system of statutory control, being isolated from the international market by politically-induced sanctions. As a result the main focus of the industry was on the domestic market and the value chain was structured to produce volume. In the 1990's, the removal of sanctions and statutory control, together with the global shift towards free international trade, created a new operational environment for the South African wine industry. New opportunities and threats emerged for the industry. This dissertation starts by creating a theoretical base for the value chain, including value chain management and the transaction costs that influence the economics of the value chain. The domestic wine market is stable, thus future growth of this industry will depend on exports. Chapter three identifies the characteristics of the international wine market, as well as the major trends in global wine consumption. This is followed by a discussion on the four primary drivers in the international wine industry along with an overview of the value chains of leading wine-producing countries. Chapter four commences with a historical overview of the development of the South African liquor industry. This is followed by a discussion on how the reopening of the international market, influenced the structure and composition of the value chain in the South African wine industry. The purpose of this chapter is to outline the value chain of the South African wine industry, stress problems and to investigate the international competitiveness of the chain. It is concluded by identifying the strengths and weaknesses in the value chain. The strengths in the chain were then used to create opportunities, while the weaknesses were used to highlight threats that give rise to transaction costs. The ownership structure and composition within the value chain of the South African wine industry, is the product of the current institutional structure of the industry. The current structure creates transaction costs in the respective links of the value chain. Chapter five identifies 34 problems that cause transaction costs, along with the implications for the wine industry. From these problems, strategies are derived that will enhance the international competitiveness·of the chain, inducing a greater focus on the market. Chapter five concludes by looking at five international markets, with practical suggestions for the future vision of the value chain in the South African wine industry. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf produseer jaarliks gemiddeld 'n miljoen ton druiwe en voorsien 'n bestaan aan ongeveer 300 000 persone. Die bedryf het vir die grootste gedeelte van die 20ste eeu gefuksioneer onder 'n stelsel van statutêre beheer en was as gevolg van politieke sanksies ge-isoleer van die internasionale mark. Die waardeketting van die wynbedryf was gestruktureer om volume te produseer en hoofsaaklik gefokus op die binneland as mark. Met die verwydering van statutêre beheer en sanksies, gepaardgaande met die globale verskuiwing na vrye internasionale handel gedurende die 1990's, het die waardeketting van die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf skielik 'n nuwe operasionele omgewing betree. Dit het aan die bedryf nuwe geleenthede en bedreigings gebied. Die tesis begin deur 'n teoretiese basis te skep van 'n waardeketting, die bestuur daarvan en transaksiekostes wat die ekonomie van 'n waardeketting beïnvloed. Die plaaslike mark vir wyn het gestabiliseer en toekomstige groei van die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf is afhanklik van uitvoere. In hoofstuk drie word na die kenmerke van die internasionale wynomgewing waarin die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf meeding, en die belangrikste globale wynverbruiks tendense gekyk. Die vier primêre drywers in die internasionale wynbedryf word bespreek gevolg deur 'n kort oorsig oor die waardekettings van leier produserende wynlande. Hoofstuk vier begin deur 'n historiese oorsig oor die ontwikkeling van die Suid-Afrikaanse drankbedryf te gee. Dit word gevolg deur na die invloed te gaan kyk wat die heropening van internasionale markte op die struktuur en samestelling van die waardeketting in die Suid- Afrikaanse wynbedryf gehad het. Die doel van die hoofstuk is om 'n beskrywing van die waardeketting in die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf te gee, probleme te identifiseer en die mededingendheid van die ketting internasionaal te ondersoek. Die hoofstuk word afgesluit deur sterk- en swakpunte in die waardeketting van die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf af te lei. Uit die sterkpunte is geleenthede vir die bedryf geïdentifiseer, en vanuit die swakpunte is bedreigings wat aanleiding gee tot transaksiekostes, geïdentifiseer. Eienaarskapstrukture en eiendomsverhoudings binne die waardeketting van die Suid- Afrikaanse wynbedryf is die gevolg van die institusie waarbinne die bedryf oor tyd ontwikkel het. Die manier wat die ketting egter tans gestruktureer is bring transaksiekostes binne die onderskeie skakels in die ketting mee. In hoofstuk vyf word 34 probleme wat transaksiekostes genereer, met die onderskeie implikasies vir die bedryf, geïdentifiseer. Vanuit die probleme word strategiese opsies geïdentifiseer wat die ketting internasionaal meer mededingendheid sal maak, met grootter markgerigtheid. Die hoofstuk word afgesluit deur na vyf markte te gaan kyk, met praktiese voorstelle, waar die waardeketting van die Suid- Afrikaanse wynbedryf homself behoort te fokus.

Before 1994 the South African wine industry was largely isolated from the global market. Access to markets after 1994 meant that South Africa had to adapt its product quality, style and operating procedures to compete internationally. In recent years, labour unrest and trade regulations have hampered both the reputation and the ability of South African wine producers to penetrate the export market. Using the theoretical framework of cluster theory and generic marketing this inquiry investigates whether regional groupings and clusters could result in the South African wine industry becoming more competitive. This inquiry examines the role of regional identity, generic marketing, research and development, policy, and leadership in driving competitiveness in the wine industry and whether the potential for clusters exists through wine routes in South Africa. The study employs an exploratory research model which utilised semi structured interviews. The findings suggest that the research and development component of South Africa’s wine industry lags behind other New World wine producing nations, and that none of the three tiers of government are in the process of creating conditions which would be conducive for the formation of clusters. The results also indicate that wine routes have a positive effect on regional identity, and that generic marketing complements the activities of boutique wine farmers. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / lmgibs2014 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

As an important part of a nation’s history and culture, South African wine industry contributes vastly towards South Africa’s economy and job creation. However, under the influence of the widespread globalisation, South African wineries have to face many new issues and challenges. How to expand their overseas markets and obtain a sustainable development mode has drawn more attention from South African entrepreneurs in this field. Due to the rapid economic development and the huge population, China can provide a market with enormous potential to South African wineries. The fast growing trade between the two countries can also bring opportunities to South African entrepreneurs to explore the Chinese market. Therefore, it is necessary and vital for South African wineries to understand the Chinese market and the factors that influence wine imports from South Africa before they enter the wine market in China. The research problem addressed in this study was to investigate the factors in the Chinese market that influence wine imports from South Africa. To achieve this objective, a literature study was undertaken to probe the various aspects of the wine market in China, including the characteristics, the status quo and the development trends of this market. The driving factors that attribute to a great increase in wine consumption in China were also explored and discussed. Based on the literature study, a survey questionnaire was developed to obtain the empirical data. By means of comparison and integration of the findings of the empirical survey with the literature study, the results were obtained for solving the research problems. In addition, conclusions and recommendations iii were drawn to assist South African wineries and other marketers in choosing appropriate marketing strategies and avoiding potential risks.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Agricultural production takes place in an uncertain and complex environment, with production the result of the culmination of a variety of factors within a greater system. Consequently, accounting for the influence of variables in the production system is very difficult, making it a daunting task for decision makers to make good decisions. In the wine grape production context, this problem is accentuated due to the capital intensive and perennial nature of investments, also giving rise to a path dependency. As a result it is essential to make strategically sound decisions in order to ensure the long-term profitability and financial feasibility of wine grape production. Decision making tools, like a model, can be of invaluable support for strategic decision making. A model is used to simplify reality, by imitating and simulating the actual system as closely as possible. A simulation model was therefore developed for this thesis to be able to evaluate the long-term financial impact of different wine grape production systems and to support strategic decision making. This model can be adapted to individual farm specific features, scenarios and preferences, in the evaluation and analysis of different investment and wine grape production system decisions. For this study, the nature of agricultural systems as well as qualities required by a simulation model, were investigated. The former is followed by an investigation of the effect of the grapevine and trellis specific qualities on the possibilities of the production system, as well as the implication of capital budgeting and financing considerations on the performance of the wine grape production system. In view of the above, the model was then applied to simulate and evaluate different wine grape production systems as well as a structural transition and expansion of wine grape production, for a simulated farm in the Breedekloof region, South Africa. The model can be used for decision making and scenario planning purposes by wine grape producers and stakeholders in the wine industry. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Landbouproduksie vind plaas in ‘n komplekse omgewing met talle onsekerhede, waar produksie die resultaat is van ‘n aantal faktore binne ‘n groter geheel. Die uitdaging is dus om die spesifieke invloed van veranderlikes binne die produksiestelsel waar te neem sodat besluitnemers ingeligte besluite op grond daarvan kan maak. In die verbouing van langtermyn gewasse, spesifiek die van wyndruif verbouing, word hierdie probleem beklemtoon vanweë die kapitaal intensiewe en meerjarige aard van investerings, wat aanleiding gee tot die afhanklikheid van vorige besluite. Ten einde die langtermyn winsgewendheid en lewensvatbaarheid van wyndruif produksie te verseker, is strategiese en ingeligte besluite deurslaggewend. Hulpmiddels in die besluitnemingsproses, soos modelle, kan onskatbare ondersteuning bied in hierdie konteks. Die doel van ‘n model is om ‘n werklike stelsel te weerspieël, maar terselfdertyd word vereenvoudigende aannames gemaak. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie tesis is ‘n simulasie model ontwikkel om die langtermyn finansiële impak van verskillende wyndruif produksiestelsels te weerspieël en strategiese besluitneming te bevorder. Hierdie model kan aangepas word vir die individuele vereistes, voorkeure en kenmerke van individuele plase, ten einde verskillende investeringsbesluite en wyndruifproduksiestelsels te evalueer. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie is die aard van die stelsel waarin landbouproduksie plaasvind, asook eienskappe wat benodig word deur ‘n simulasiemodel, om ‘n goeie weerspieëling van die werklikheid te kan gee ondersoek. Daarna is die invloed van die prieëlstelsel oorweging op die wingerdstok, die uitvoerbaarheid van verskillende bewerkingspraktyke, asook die invloed van kapitaal- en finansiëringsoorwegings op die prestasie van die wyndruifproduksiestelsel ondersoek. In die lig van bogenoemde oorwegings is die model gebruik om verskillende wyndruifproduksiestelsels te simuleer en te evalueer, asook om ‘n strukturele oorgang en uitbreiding vir ‘n plaas in die Breedekloofstreek in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek. Wyndruif produsente en belanghebbendes in die wynbedryf kan hierdie model in scenario beplanning en besluitneming gebruik.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / Scenarios are a strategic tool that can stimulate strategic thinking, generate strategic foresight, provide a basis for testing existing strategies, explore and understand complexities of the future. In so doing they can aid decision making and contribute to preparation for the future. As such, this research paper used scenarios to explore a number of plausible futures for the South African Wine Industry in order to stimulate strategic thinking and conversations, pave the way for new ideas and approaches and encourage innovation. This can prepare both the industry and wine producers for possible challenges that they may face in the future. The scenario development process started with an extensive exploration of the existing industry, which included industry trends and patterns as well as factors within the external environment that influence the strategic landscape. Three key driving forces were identified in the external environment which could potentially have the largest impact on the future of the industry. These are impacts of climate change, local industry consolidation and buying power changes. Five scenarios for the South African Wine Industry were developed for the year 2025 based on these driving forces. These scenarios reflected these key driving forces under different circumstances, which provided different perspectives related to their impacts. The scenarios introduced alternative futures which range from one that envisages a consolidated local wine industry which focuses on the export market as a result of the opportunities presented by extreme weather events resulting from global climate change, to a scenario that is characterised by negligible changes in the structure of the local industry and where high buying power changes the industry dynamics and key success factors. A set of main findings relating to each scenario was formulated. These findings were examined in order to identify implications and make recommendations that could be useful to consider and aid strategy development for the industry, as well as for the benefit of individual wine producers. Key findings related to the impact of these key driving forces as well as the risks and potential opportunities that they could present for the industry under certain circumstances.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / South Africa for more than three decades has been described as the economic capital of Africa because of its level of industrialization, production, interactions and business transactions with other companies locally, nationally, regionally and globally. This situation goes hand in hand with the continual emergence in South Africa of business organizations, notably major international groups or their subsidiaries, other foreign or national large corporations, as well as small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The SME sector has significantly emerged in industries such as retail and manufacturing that produce a wide variety of consumer goods and related services. They produce services and goods that are destined for both local and international consumption. Similarly, they are also sourcing goods and services from local or international suppliers. Consequently, SMEs are involved in a complex supply chain management challenges and are exposed to the chain’s intense logistics activities. The main objective of this study was to determine how outsourcing can improve effectively the logistics performance of wine producing SMEs in the manufacturing sector. The findings from the interviews conducted with 16 personnel responsible for logistics performance from selected small and medium wine producers in Constantia, Stellenbosch, and Paarl, offer support for the assumption that outsourcing is a key to logistics performance in SMEs. The general outcome of the study suggests that logistics performance of SMEs is dependent on their ability to manage outsourcing of logistics services. Thus, knowing beforehand the “what for” of outsourcing is very important determinant for driving logistics performance, especially defining, assessing and measuring the performance objectives the SMEs expect from outsourcing and choosing logistics partners that can meet these objectives.

Thesis (MTech (Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011 / During recent years the wine industry has become increasingly dynamic due to competition among wine organisations worldwide. In order to be competitive, many South African wine organisations have implemented and maintained a Food Safety Managements System (FSMS). The Western Cape Province is one of the typical regions of wine-manufacturing in the country. However, the impact of FSMSs on the effectiveness of work performance among wine organisations in the Western Cape is unknown. There is scant literature that focuses on this particular issue. Thus, this study investigates the effectiveness of FSMS implementation to determine whether wine organisations consolidate the fundamental requirements of the FSMSs. Nineteen (19) wine organisations situated in the Western Cape who are currently implementing FSMSs were chosen as the research sites. A group of participants (n=46) who are implementing FSMSs from these wine organisations were selected as samples. A questionnaire based on the Likert scale was used as an instrument for data collection. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 19 was employed to generate statistical results such as frequencies, mean, standard deviation, percentage, skewness, etc. In particular, Cronbach’s alpha was utilised to test the reliability of the key items of FSMSs. The findings of this study indicate that the majority of the wine organisations consolidate the fundamental requirements of FSMS. Certification audits, management systems, prerequisite programs, Hazard Critical Control Points (HACCP), validation and verification, emergency preparedness and quality management are used as the main activities to measure the performance of FSMS. Based on the study results, this study recommended that wine organisations should provide regular training to internal auditors and shopfloor employees in order to enhance the effectiveness of FSMSs. The significance of this study is to contribute a valuable guideline to the South African wine industry to consolidate their performances on the implementation of FSMSs.

Thesis (MTech (Business Information Systems))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. / There is need to realise the potential of information and communication technologies (ICT) for farmers and agricultural role players, in order to achieve agriculture development. However in South Africa, it is not yet established which specific ICT are used and how they are used in different agricultural farm enterprises, and if used, their extent of deployment. In addition, few studies have focused on the factors that influence the use of ICT in South African agriculture. This study addresses these issues. This study investigates factors of ICT use that are helpful and necessary for the recognition of the importance and benefits of ICT in Western Cape commercial agriculture, specifically in the wine industry. The study investigates the different forms of ICT used in the wine industry, how they are being used in the industry, what they are used for, how important these technologies are as enablers of production, and the factors that affect their use. This study focuses on the use, not the adoption, of ICT in commercial agriculture. The study involved two groups of participants and was in two phases. In phase one, a survey of commercial farmers was conducted in Robertson Wine Valley. Phase two involved their farm employees who are involved in farm activities ranging from field, winery and administrative work in Robertson Wine Valley. 15 farmers and 60 farm employees responded to the questionnaire. The scope of the results for this study is limited to descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and correlation analysis. From the chi-square and correlation analysis, it was found that ICT training, age, race, current occupation on farm, monthly salary, education level and ICT literacy influence the use of ICT by farm employees.

The South African wine industry is polarised into the quantity-producing majority and the quality-conscious minority [Hughes, 2003]. The qualityproducing sector of the South African wine industry is dominated by family businesses. Research shows that there are approximately ninety familyowned wineries in South Africa. By international standards, South Africa is viewed as a quantity, not quality producing wine country, which will make it difficult to survive in an industry where quality is paramount for recognition. The ‘trailblazers’ of the international wine industry are family owned wineries [Robinson, 2000]. Twenty five percent of the 2003 five star South African wines were made by individuals or family wineries [Hughes, 2003], emphasising the growing importance of family wineries in the production of quality wines. It is important now, more than ever, with the industry opening up internationally, that survival of the family-owned wineries and their production of icon wines are promoted so that they can become flagship producers of the industry. The achievement of international status as a quality producing country, as well as building an industry based on the longevity of wine producing families, as well as a nation of wine lovers in South Africa should result.

Thesis (MScAgric (Agricultural Economics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wes-Kaapprovinsie van Suid-Afrika beskik oor ’n diverse kapasiteit wat landbouproduksie betref en dit dra tot die sektor se algemene stabiliteit by; vandaar die bevordering van die Wes-Kaap as ’n aantreklike beleggingsektor. Die wynbedryf, wat ’n belangrike integrerende deel van die landbousektor in die Wes-Kaap uitmaak, speel ’n baie belangrike rol in die ekonomie van die Provinsie en bied ontsaglike geleenthede met betrekking tot landboukundige beleggings in die Provinsie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf is bekend vir sy produkte van hoë gehalte. Tans word indirekte aanwysers soos die inkomste van produsente, die aantal nuwe wynkelders, asook die ouderdomsamestelling van wingerdstokke in Suid-Afrika, gebruik om die beleggings- netto toevloeiing in die wynbedryf te bereken. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie is om die mees algemene bronne van kapitaal van wynplase en die mees algemene doelwitte wat wynboere in die Wes-Kaap probeer om te bereik, te identifiseer. Nog ’n doelwit is om daardie wynplaas- en eienaarskenmerke te identifiseer wat die prestasie van wynplase in die Wes-Kaapprovinsie van Suid-Afrika beïnvloed. Om die ontleding te vergemaklik is die hoofprobleem in drie spesifieke doelwitte of subprobleme verdeel. Die studie het van verskeie metodes en tegnieke gebruik gemaak in ’n poging om relevante en akkurate data te verkry. Die verskillende bronne wat geraadpleeg is het persoonlike beraadslaging met deskundiges in die bedryf, artikels wat in verskeie akademiese vaktydskrifte en boeke gepubliseer is, referate wat by konferensies gelewer is, verhandelings van nagraadse studente, en ander artikels op die Internet ingesluit. Data-ontledings wat met die eerste en tweede subprobleme verband gehou het is met die gebruik van statistiese pakkette soos Excel en Stata in die vorm van veelvoudige kruistabulerings uitgevoer. In die derde probleem, naamlik om wynplaas- en eienaarskenmerke te identifiseer wat die prestasie van wynplase in die Wes-Kaap beïnvloed, is ’n intervalregressiegelykstelling bereken deur van die Stata- statistiese sagtewarepakket gebruik te maak. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Western Cape Province of South Africa has a diverse agricultural production capacity and this contributes to the sector’s general stability, hence its promotion as an attractive investment sector. The wine industry, a significant component of the agricultural sector in the Western Cape, plays a very important role in the economy of the Province and presents enormous opportunities in terms of agricultural investments in the Province. The South Africa’s wine industry is renowned for its high quality products. Currently, indirect indicators such as producer income, the number of new wine cellars, as well as the age composition of vines in South Africa, are used to estimate investment net flows into the wine industry. The main objectives of this study are to identify the most common sources of capital in wine farms and the most common objectives that wine farm owners are trying to achieve in the Western Cape Province. Another objective is to identify those wine farm and owner characteristics that affect the performance of wine farms in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. For ease of analysis, the main problem was divided into three specific objectives or sub-problems. The study employed a number of methods and techniques in an effort to obtain relevant and accurate data. The different sources consulted include personal communications with industry experts, articles published in different academic journals and books, conference papers, postgraduate students’ theses, and other articles from the internet. Data analyses relating to the first and second sub-problems were carried out using Excel and Stata statistical packages and took the form of multiple cross-tabulations. In the third subproblem i.e., to identify wine farm and owner characteristics that affect the performance of wine farms in the Western Cape, an interval regression equation was estimated using Stata statistical software package.