Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Civil Engineering 9311276v / This research project has been prepared to satisfy the requirements of the University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment for the degree of Master of Science (Civil) in Geotechnical Engineering and Materials (50/50). Contained within the project is a review of international past and current tailings facility closure techniques. Guidelines and minimum requirements for successful closure have been developed and are presented.

D.Phil. (Geology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The origins of the present segregated schooling system are bound up with the structuring of South African racial capitalism under the dominance of mining capital, particularly in the period 1900-1924, In attempting an historical explanation of this process, this study argues that the economic and social foundations of the backwardness of the schooling for Blacks in South Africa are connected with the segregationist structure determined by class struggle in the for early period of mining capital. It demonstrates that the basic characteristics and features of segregation in education had been established during the same period.

M.Tech.

M.Sc. (Geology) / Rocks of the Witwatersrand Super group in the northern portion of the East Rand Goldfield have been examined on surface and in underground exposures in an attempt to establish the chronology, movement vectors, amount of strain and displacement associated with bedding parallel faults. It was found that more than one age of movement occurred along most of the non-bedding parallel fault planes with normal, reverse and strike-slip senses of motion. The ductile bedding plane faults are manifested in all lithologies, but the shale units have, in particular, acted as a locus for shearing and it is suggested that they should be regarded as phyllonites. Bedding parallel faults are generally characterised by the presence of quartz veins and the development of phyllosilicates. They are categorised as mylonitic quartz schists. Syntectonic fault restricted quartz veins generally parallel the foliation, developed in the plane of flattening, and aided the movement of overlying strata during fault formation. Kinematic indicators imply a broad northerly up dip movement on the bedding parallel faults; implying they are thrust faults. Directionally specific kinematic indicators display at least two directions of thrust movement in the Central Rand Group, one to the NE and a second to the N to NW. The second group may represent two overlapping directions of movement. Only NE thrust movement are indicated in the West Rand Group. The NE thrust event occurred after emplacement of Ventersdorp dykes and before deposition of the rocks of the Black Reef Quartzite Formation. The N thrust fault event occurred after deposition of the Black Reef Quartzite Formation and before deposition of Karoo age rocks. A possible third event of Bushveld Igneous Intrusion age may be manifested as thrust faults towards the NW. The contact between the Central and West Rand Groups has acted as a major decollement during the N thrust event. The folds in this region may initially have been the result of thrust faulting towards the NE. Tilting of the fold axes during the postulated NW event is possible.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, / The Ventersdorp Contact Reef(VCR) is a major gold-bearing reef in the Witwatersrand Basin. It occurs between the overlying Klipriviersberg Group lavas and the underlying Central Rand Group sediments, and was strongly altered by hydrothermal fluids circulating in the Witwatersrand Basin. A detailed study of the mineralogy, geochemistry of rocks and minerals, physicochemical conditions, stable isotopes and ages of hydrothermal alteration zones associated with the VCR were carried out at Western Deep Levels South Mine, South Africa. ( Abbreviation abstract) / Andrew Chakane 2019

D.Phil. (Geology) / A specific geological event has been characterized with the aid of an integrated metamorphic and fluid inclusion study of data obtained from syn-tectonic vein-quartz associated with thrusting and bedding-parallel shear along the northern margin of the Witwatersrand Basin. The vein-quartz associated with this event occurs as boudin-shaped bodies with their long and intermediate axes orientated within the foliation-, bedding- or fault-planes. The length of the quartz lenses which are spatially confined to shear zones often exceeds the thickness of the shear zones. These phenomena and the fact that quartz-fibres are orientated parallel to and not at right angles to the foliation confirms the syn-tectonic nature of the quartz veins. Heterogeneous P-T condition is indicative of imbrication, i.e. crustal thickening which is also substantiated by the random growth of pyrophylite and kyanite in shear zone assemblages, indicating that metamorphism outlasted deformation. Metamorphic studies of aluminous schists and vein-quartz with pyrophylliteand pyrophyllite - kyanite selvages established the development of two critical mineral assemblages: 1 Kaolinite + 2 Quartz = 1 Pyrophyllite + 1 H20 ... (1) and at higher P-T conditions 1 Pyrophyllite = 1 Kyanite + 3 Quartz + 1 H20 ... (2). The schists and quartz vein assemblages are quartz-oversaturated in contrast to the study material of Wallmach and Meyer (1990) which is quartz-undersaturated. Peak metamorphic conditions, therefore, are closely constrained by the position of the reaction curve (2) in P-T space, as is also substantiated by the presence of coexisting kyanite and pyrophyllite which are closely associated with syn-tectonic vein-quartz at the Florida Lake, Monarch Shaft and Krugersdorp localities. The nature of and circumstances under which the equilibrium aSsemblage pyrophyllite + kyanite + quartz has formed support an univariant situation, i.e. this assemblage can only coexist along the pyrophyllite kyanite isograd. The mineral assemblages that equilibrated during peak metamorphism are still present in the rocks of the shear zones, and show only incipient rehydration. The quartz-oversaturated nature of the rocks in the shear zones and the fact that kyanite formation is ascribed to reaction (2), cannot explain the abundance of quartz veins. Accordingly it is concluded that there must have been an external source from which Si02 was imported into shear zone to give rise to the formation of the large quantities of vein-quartz.

D.Phil. (Geology) / This study examines the nature, distribution and origin of a distinctive chert-like fault rock in the West Rand Goldfield of the Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa. These fault rocks, termed pseudotachylites, are characterized by an aphanitic groundmass enclosing subangular to rounded clasts of the host rocks. No glass has been observed in the matrix but features such as spherulites, coronas and altered margins to the host rocks as well as geochemical evidence, suggest that the pseudotachylite formed as a result of melting of the host rocks due to the heat generated by friction on faults. The colour of the pseudotachylite is a function of its chemical composition and parentage. The pseudotachylite has abrupt contacts with the host rocks which comprise a lower Proterozoic to Archaean succession of rocks belonging to the predominantly sedimentary Transvaal Sequence, the predominantly volcanic Ventersdorp Supergroup and the predominantly . sedimentary Witwatersrand Supergroup. The orientation of many of the pseudotachylite fault veins parallels a pre-existing set of mylonitic faults. These pseudotachylite fault veins most commonly occur in sub parallel southward dipping pairs and are accompanied by injection veins. If treated on a statistical basis, the vergence concept can be extended to injection veins to give the approximate movement direction of the fault system. The pseudotachylite is thought to be genetically related to brittle or semi-brittle extensional faulting of post-Transvaal age.

M.Cur. / With reference to the question whether the interhospital transport of ill neonates in South Africa and more specifically in the Transvaal is adequate, a study was done in which the quality of the interhospital transport of ill neonates on the Witwatersrand was investigated. Criteria for the interhospital transport of ill neonates were formulated according to a literature review and they were validated. The quality of interhospital transport of ill neonates on the Witwatersrand was researched according to the formulated criteria. The case study method was used and was applied to neonates who were transported to a selected private- and provincial hospital by private- and provincial ambulance services between May 1987 and June 1987. Through the results of the study the researcher came to the conclusion that the interhospital transport of ill neonates on the Witwatersrand is inadequate. Recommendations which may contribute to the improvement of the transport system were made.

M.Cur. / With the announcement of the devolution of primary health care services to the local authority by the Cabinet in 1991, the role fulfilment of the community health nurse becomes more complex and greater demands are continuously made on her. The question, to what extent will the Implementation of primary health care (with the critical elements as framework) make greater demands on her role and function, led to this study. An exploratory, descriptive study, within a contextual framework was carried out. The purpose of the research was to analyse the task of the nursing staff working at local government, to determine which critical elements In primary health care are seen as part of the tasks of the community health nurse and to give guidelines with regard to primary health care and community health nursing. Content analyses done of job descriptions Indicated that some of the critical elements of primary health care are not expected to be performed by the nursing staff. According to the information gained through the questionnaires, nurses do more than is expected of them as Indicated In their job descriptions. " According to the conclusions resulting from this study, most of the critical elements of primary health care is being performed by nurses as part of their duty. The most Important recommendations Include the training of those nurses who feel that they need refresher courses with regard to the examination of patients and the making of diagnoses. Nurses need to know about the changes and what Is expected of them In future as a result of these changes.