No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1983.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Fine Art in the Department of Fine Art, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006. / This study will investigate and critically evaluate the reconstitution of African women’s spiritualities in the context of the Amazwi Abesifazane project. This project forms part of the endeavours of Create Africa South, a Non Governmental Organisation situated in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, which was initiated by the artist Andries Botha. It encourages women, post trauma, to ‘re-member’ themselves by creating memory cloths of embroidery and appliqué reflecting on their experiences in pre- and post-apartheid South Africa. This interdisciplinary study theorises that it is an archive that speaks about African women resisting destructive forces and reconstituting their spiritualities through the therapeutic effects of creativity. The study will not include research into the many other activities undertaken by Create Africa South. Rupture is implied in the use of the word ‘reconstitution’. Reconstitution encompasses the act of constituting again the character of the body, mind and spirit as regards health, strength and well-being of the women (McIntosh, 1970:261). In this study, spirituality is defined as the way in which the women in the Amazwi Abesifazane project reflect upon and live out their belief in God. The power of storytelling is examined from the perspectives of narratology, narrative therapy, sewing and orality/literary studies as resources for the women’s reclamation of their lives. Defining feminisms in South Africa is problematised by issues of race, class and culture. In a context of poverty, everyday survivalist strategies are the diverse forms of resistance seen in the Amazwi Abesifazane project. The women’s stories, cloths and interviews are triangulated as primary data. They are examples of the rich art of resistance against despair and are located in a paradigm of hope. In conclusion, I strongly call for government support in declaring the project a national archive. The multidimensional mediums of the Amazwi Abesifazane/ UbuMama projects nurture the women’s creativity and revitalise their spiritualities towards personal and national transformation.

Aim: The aim of the study was to do an epistemological analysis of the power of women as nurses working in one of the larger and more deprived regions of South Africa, namely KwaZulu-Natal. This research was based on the premises of the Standpoint theory. Concurrent to the collection of data, a literature review and a concept analysis of power, powerfulness, powerlessness and empowerment were done and incorporated where applicable in the final theoretical framework. Methodology: A phenomenological approach was used. This incorporated two to three in depth interviews with each participant, lasting an average of thirty minutes each, was used. Women, relating to the gender factor, as nurses were also marginalised in terms of class, as they belonged to the enrolled category of nurses, and race, being African. A fourth selection criterium was added to analyse the reality of locality, called rurality. The researcher applied the principle of theoretical saturation and a total number of nine women, who belonged to the enrolled category of nurses and who worked in a distinct rural health care setting, were interviewed. A second group consisting of five women enrolled nurses and working in an urban setting were interviewed, as were a third relatively contrasting group of four women registered nurses. All forty four interviews were audio taped and transcribed, and a qualitative software package called NUD*IST was used to identify and refine experiential themes. Findings: The relationship between power and rights was often layered in contradiction during the interviews and the participants portrayed a picture of being oppressed or marginalised and powerless. The women as nurses belonging to the enrolled category were alienated as women and as nurses in terms of being severed from the nursing profession and from the ruling gender of men, of being lost in an ever present routinization of activities, of being misused, maternalised and domesticated at home and at work. These phenomena were quantitatively more voiced by the rural group of women and these participants strongly emphasized the limiting influence of their prescribed scope of practice, the approach of the senior category of nurses and they conveyed a traditionalist and altruistic view of nursing and nurses. The women as registered nurses created their own freedom often away from their men as in divorce. They also sought for solutions concerning powerlessness in more global and distant terms, for example in relation to cultural practices. They communicated a sense of empowerment in terms of for example education, personal qualities and increased job satisfaction. Culture rather than race was emphasized as an essence of womens' oppression. An epistemological framework of the power of women as nurses developed by the researcher constructed the totality of empowerment in terms of fifteen transformational and hierarchial actions incorporating and adapting Dooyeweerd's theory of modalities and the surfaces of class (categorial divide), gender (the eternal carer), race (culture) and locality (rurality). These actions and reformulated concepts could be used for the development of specific strategies to facilitate the empowerment of individuals, groups and communities of women as nurses and nurses as women. Further collaborative research into the phenomenon of power, a reconceptualization of nursing education and levels of expertise and hierarchies within nursing were some of the suggestions for the way forward. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1996.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2004.

No abstract available. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2000.

Background and Objectives The improved uptake of antenatal Opt-out testing has been documented internationally. In South Africa little is known about the efficiency and die acceptability of Opt-out testing. This study compared VCT with Opt-out testing by measuring the efficiency (defined as uptake of testing, number of women identified as HIV positive and consultation duration of the testing approach) and the acceptability to patients and staff. Methodology We conducted a prospective, quasi-experimental equivalent time-samples clinical trial in which we enrolled a consecutive sample of women who presented at die McCord Hospital antenatal clinic from June to August 2006. The study consisted of 2 phases. During the 6 week intervention period women were offered HIV testing with the Opt-out mediod. During die 6 week control period women were offered midwife-provided VCT. Efficiency was measured in each phase, with 150 participants in the VCT arm and 150 in die Opt-out arm. Participants also completed a survey questionnaire. In depth interviews were conducted with 9 purposefully selected participants from each arm. Two focus group discussions were held with staff. The staff focus group findings were followed-up and validated by conducting in-depdi interviews with die staff members who participated in die focus groups 18 mondis later. Results The uptake of HIV testing during the VCT period was 134/150(89.3%) compared to 147/150(98.0%) in die Opt-out period (p<0.001). The percentage of women identified as being HIV positive during the VCT period was 7.33% (11/150) vs. 12.6% (19/150) during the Opt-out period (p=0.133). Time was saved as a decrease in the duration of midwife consultations from 34 min (VCT) to 26 min (Opt-out) was found with p<0.001. Qualitative analysis revealed Opt-out testing to be an acceptable way of testing. Patients found Opt-out emotionally less distressing than VCT (p<0.05). Staff reported that Opt-out decreased the burden on human resources (only one person needed to facilitate the group and shorter consultations) while it identified more women infected with HIV. Conclusion Opt-out testing is significantly more efficient and acceptable than VCT. Opt-out testing should include a group pre-test information session, adequate and ongoing post-test counselling, to be effective and acceptable. / Thesis (M. Med.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A)-University of Durban-Westville, 2004.

No description available.

No description available.

Eli phepha lithiywe “Ukuzotywa kwabalinganiswa ababhinqileyo, abazintloko kwidrama zolwimi lwesiXhosa, bezotywa ngababhali besini sobuduna nesini sobukhomokazi liza kube lijongene nendlela apho ababhali abasini esohlukileyo, abathi babazobe ngayo abalinganiswa abayintloko, abangamabhinqa kwizibhalo zabo zedrama zelwimi lwesiXhosa. Apha kuzobe kujongwe ingakumbi ababhali abasini sobuduna, ngenjongo yokuveza umba wokuba ababhali besini sobukhomokazi babazoba abalinganiswa ababhinqileyo nje ngabantu abangenamiqolo okuzimela ngaphandle kokuba kubekho indoda obomini babo. Aba babhali babazoba abalinganiswa ababhiqileyo phansti kwala ngcamango yokuba, apho umntu obhinqileyo ekumela afumaneke khona kusezimbizeni apho baphekela usapho lwabo rhoqo, ekucoceni umzi nasekukhuliseni abantwana, hayi enye into engaphaya koko. Ngoko ke eli phepha libhalwe ngenjongo yokuphelisa oku dodobalisa loo ngcamango. Baninzi kea bantu abaphikisana nale ndlela yaphotho lwamabhinqa ngamadoda abo, nangamanye amadoda nje jikilele, eli phepha lizobe lingqinelana nolo ninzi lwabantu abathi loo mpatho mbi yamabhinqa mayiphele, kuvezwe imeko yokuba kukho ulingano phakathi kwamabhinqa kunye nababt abasini sobukhomakazi. Int ethetha ukuba eli phepha lizakuti ligqithele lijonge kwaye liveze indlela apho kungati kuekho ulingwano phathi kwezini zimbini, nendlela apho uwonke wonke angakwazi ukuphila ngentlonipho omnye komnye kungekho zimpatho mbi, okanye sini sinesikhundla esiphakamileyo kunesinye.