Spelling suggestions: "subject:"women inn development"" "subject:"women iin development""
71 |
Women's participation in housing delivery in South Africa : the extent of empowerment in post-1994 era, with specific reference to case studies in KwaZulu-Natal.Ndinda, Catherine. January 2002 (has links)
This study, Women's participation in housing delivery in South Africa: the extent of
empowerment in post 1994 era, with specific reference to case studies in KwciZulu-Natal,
begins with the premise that post-apartheid housing policies, compared to those of the
apartheid era, have provided women with greater access to housing. In 1994 the housing
backlog was estimated to be about 3.5 million units, with the majority of those in need of
shelter being African women. This backlog was due to past policies that largely excluded
women from ownership and access to capital or resources to build formal housing. The
changes wrought by the democratic dispensation, such as constitutional provision for
gender equality, promised women greater participation in the social , political and
economic spheres of the country. The recognition of gender equality and housing as
rights protected within the constitution was reinforced by pronouncements in various
policy documents, such as the housing White Paper that underlined the need for women's
involvement in shelter development.
The aims of this study are to examine women's participation in housing delivery and to
assess the extent of empowerment arising from their involvement in post-1994 housing
development. The emphasis in this study on empowerment arises from the fact that
housing development.is set within a participatory and empowerment paradigm in the
current housing policy. The study discusses participation in "shelter" as embodied in
notions of self-help and as appl ied by implementing agencies such as the World Bank,
local government municipals and non-governmental organisations. The analysis indicates
that to understand women's role in the housing process, there is a need to move beyond
the project approach used by implementing agencies, to a multi-relational approach that
focuses on the relationships, processes, and levels of involvement at the implementation
and post-implementation stages. The scope of empirical material is confined to KwaZuluNatal
, although South African national past and present policy is analysed in the earl y
chapters. The question this study raises is whether women will be able to make
substantial improvements to the core structure provided through the subsidy, due to their weak economic position. Through a gender analysis of the participation process, the study
sheds light on women's roles and examines the extent to which women, in particular,
have been empowered. Both qualitative and quantitative research instruments were
employed to gather data on women's involvement in housing development in the
KwaZulu-Natal region chosen for the case studies. The specific areas studied were
Nthutukoville, Glenwood II and Thembalihle in Pietermaritzburg and Luganda and
Ezilweleni in Durban. The findings of this study show that women were involved at
various levels in the housing delivery process and at varying degrees.
The findings of this study yielded different levels of participation which were taken to be
indicators of the level of empowerment. These were for instance, decision-making,
implementation, post-implementation activities and small business development. In all
the areas studied, all the top leadership positions were held by men; in the lower levels
the gender representation was equal. In two areas, women played a central role in
decision-making and this appears to have been influenced by the high level of
consultation with the community. In three areas, women played a marginal role in
decision-making, an issue that appears to have been influenced by their roles in the
household as well as the influence of the local authorities in the projects. In all the areas
except one, women held their stereotypical position of secretary. Where they held the
position of treasurer, it was based on the stereotypical notion that they were more
trustworthy in money matters than men. The representation of women in decision-making
did not challenge the gender ideology that entrenches their subordination, an area that has
to be addressed in housing projects if women are to take control of their lives. Few
women compared to men were trained in construction. The reasons for this point to both
a strong male bias as well as societal attitudes about gender roles in society. Both men
and women learnt skills such as plumbing, plastering, and painting, on the job through
their involvement in providing labour. The role of women in housing delivery extended
to the post-implementation level where they were involved in urban greening and microenterprises.
Women were also involved in the production and distribution of bricks in
three communities but they did not benefit from selling to the subsidy beneficiaries, a situation that calls for government support of their activities through the awarding of
supply contracts.
The elements of these indicators point to the level of women's empowerment as shown in
the areas studied. These indicators combined to form what this study refers to as the
multi-relational linkages approach to women's participation in shelter delivery. Although
various factors are shown to constrain women's involvement at the different levels, the
model highlights the role of women and the sustainability of their empowerment as well
as the gaps, and points to ways in which these can be addressed. This study therefore
recommends the adoption of the multi-relational linkages approach in understanding
women's empowerment in shelter delivery and future policy framing . The conclusion
argues that women's participation in shelter development cannot be understood by
examining their role in one aspect of delivery; the role of women in various aspects is
what constitutes their empowerment. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.
|
72 |
The effects of globalisation on the empowerment of women in middle management.Mpanza, E. D. January 2001 (has links)
This study investigated the effects of globalisation on the empowerment of women in middle management positions.
The first aim of the study was to determine the effects of globalisation on the empowerment of women in middle management. The second aim of the study was to establish if there is a correlation between perceptions of globalisation and empowerment for women in middle management. The third aim of the study was to describe the perceptions of women in middle management of globalisation. Globalisation and empowerment scales were used to achieve the objectives of the study and to measure the impact of globalisation on women. The measuring instruments were administered to groups of women in middle management. Fifty questionnaires were analysed. The sample consisted of twenty-five (25) respondents of
women from private and twenty-five (25) from public organisations. The results of the factors analysed according to the aims of the study were as follows:
• That there were significant differences between women in the private and the public sector with regard to perceptions of both globalisation and women's empowerment and that there were more women in the private sector than in the public sector who were positive about both the
globalisation and women's empowerment. • That there was a significant positive correlation between women's perceptions of globalisation and empowerment. • That women from both sectors agreed that globalisation had a positive effect on their social, political and economic lives. That there was a need to provide women with self empowerment and training programmes that will equip them with the necessary skills so that they may occupy senior
positions and be able to a make a meaningful contribution to the decision making process. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.
|
73 |
An ethnographic exploration of the relationship between women and development in GhanaLambert, Heather January 2001 (has links)
This study was an attempt to identify the relationship between women and non-governmental organizations in Ghana. It was conducted over a period of one year in the capital city of Accra. Ethnographic and feminist methodology were the framework for the fieldwork and text. Interviews, observations and discussions with aid workers and development recipients determined the perimeters and rendered meaning. Women dominated both sides of development and aid work in Ghana; however, there was limited interaction between them. Female recipients of development were not consulted regarding development projects and were not familiar with the scope and implications of international aid. Female development personnel from both Ghana and the United States were separated from the communities and people they worked for personally and professionally. The development workers did not consider consultation with female clients a necessity or an obligation. Both groups of women struggled to incorporate the concepts and implications of development into their situated reality. / Department of Anthropology
|
74 |
Rural women and everyday resistance to structural adjustment in MelanesiaSparks, Catherine 09 December 2009 (has links)
The context for this thesis is conflict between indigenous peoples and foreign aid agencies over land `mobilisation' in Melanesia. The thesis considers whether or not the everyday activities of rural women can be shown to constitute and contribute to resistance to `development' bank structural adjustment. The research was conducted in Ambrym, Vanuatu, with the permission of the Vanuatu Cultural Centre. The study uses feminist, decolonising methodology, and qualitative methods including five months of community-based research and interviews conducted in Bislama. The findings highlight how the rural women engage in daily activities that maintain their connections with their land and strengthen communal value systems, thus resisting structural adjustment. Also featured are tensions between the women's desires to hold on to the land and to access perceived benefits from the modern cash economy. The thesis concludes by making a case for the need to incorporate everyday resistance into analyses of conflict situations.
|
75 |
Women and income generating projects : the gender impacts of Indonesian government policies /Prihatinah, Tri Lisiani. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2005. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Arts. Bibliography: p. 301-321.
|
76 |
Addressing the computing gender gap a case study using feminist pedagogy and visual culture art education /Rhoades, Melinda Justine. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 315-342).
|
77 |
Gendered geographies and participatory processes - mapping natural resource use with Wapichan women in Southern Guyana /Wilson, Emily K., January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-146). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.
|
78 |
Forging bonds with women, nature and the Third World: an ecofeminist critique of international relations /Pandey, Anupam, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 275-296). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.
|
79 |
Contesging mining and indigenous identity discourses : The Ifugao women of Didipio, Kasibu, Nueva Vizcaya /Melizel Fojas Asuncion, Hayes, Mike, January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.A. (Human Rights))--Mahidol University, 2007. / LICL has E-Thesis 0035 ; please contact computer services.
|
80 |
Young women's sexual agency in the transition to adulthoodPearson, Jennifer Darlene. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
|
Page generated in 0.1051 seconds