The portrayal of women in Setswana literary works and in the electronic media tends to perpetuate stereotypes of women. This may result in a society that continues to degrade women. Ntsimane, the author of Motlhabane, has written a drama series that depicts women in a negative way through the creation of weak female characters who are often exploited by males, are gossips, adulterous and generally manipulative and of low morals. Feminist literature has, among other things, challenged, especially male authors who promote and perpetuate negative stereotypes of women. The view that women are weak, adulterous, possessive and have low morals emerges from traditional cultural perceptions, and thus writers who do not give a balanced view of women continue to portray this view. Women have been discriminated against in many spheres of life, such as in the work place, at home, in politics, in the economy and in society in general. This study explores the portrayal of women in the radio series Motlhabane and reveals clearly that the series fails to portray women as having an important role to play in life and in a family structure and thus need • to be afforded respect. The conclusions of this study are a warning to men about women who do not fit the traditional mould of submissive wives and are therefore looked upon as being morally corrupt and promiscuous. The author does not treat his female characters with respect. The study highlights challenges facing emerging authors who write about women, and directs them to focus on representing women in a balanced manner in their works. The challenge for the emerging generation of authors is to learn to write in a sensitive balanced manner about women. / M.A., African Languages, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

The portrayal of women in Setswana literary works and in the electronic media tends to perpetuate stereotypes of women. This may result in a society that continues to degrade women. Ntsimane, the author of Motlhabane, has written a drama series that depicts women in a negative way through the creation of weak female characters who are often exploited by males, are gossips, adulterous and generally manipulative and of low morals. Feminist literature has, among other things, challenged, especially male authors who promote and perpetuate negative stereotypes of women. The view that women are weak, adulterous, possessive and have low morals emerges from traditional cultural perceptions, and thus writers who do not give a balanced view of women continue to portray this view. Women have been discriminated against in many spheres of life, such as in the work place, at home, in politics, in the economy and in society in general. This study explores the portrayal of women in the radio series Motlhabane and reveals clearly that the series fails to portray women as having an important role to play in life and in a family structure and thus need • to be afforded respect. The conclusions of this study are a warning to men about women who do not fit the traditional mould of submissive wives and are therefore looked upon as being morally corrupt and promiscuous. The author does not treat his female characters with respect. The study highlights challenges facing emerging authors who write about women, and directs them to focus on representing women in a balanced manner in their works. The challenge for the emerging generation of authors is to learn to write in a sensitive balanced manner about women. / M.A., African Languages, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

This thesis entitled “a critical analysis of the portrayal of women in some selected Xhosa dramas”, endeavours to examine the effect of gender inequality. Women who are iv submissive toward some cultural aspects. It endeavours to give a critical analysis of women’s self assertion in some selected Xhosa dramas. According to the findings in this study, in African tradition women like to enforce patriarchy upon younger women. Older women feel that they have the duty of passing on cultural practices from generation to generation. Everything from manner of dress, posture, appropriate seating positions, eating patterns, performance of household chores, sexual expression, and voice tone and infection, self-esteem and self-concept, flows from the gender one is assigned at birth. From birth then, women and men are set on different physically based psychological paths. Of all the obstacles that limit the advancement of women, those touching upon knowledge and values are the most difficult to remove. When a woman lacks the independent capacity to assert her own positive truths and values, she is unable to contribute her insights and experiences to the various fields of human knowledge. When denied opportunities for higher forms of self expression, women may out of frustration attack the modes of understanding upheld by men. In this study theories such as black criticism, psychoanalysis, feminism and African womanism are relevant for discussing the portrayal of women. The descriptive method of research has been applied. Both observation and participation have been used for exposing barriers that block the development of women. This study will enable literature students and researchers to view culture in a broader perspective. It will enable them to consider conventions which determine the way human experience is presented in literature. Chapter one provides literature students and the researchers with a broad overview about how to develop an introductory perspective. Chapter two aims at developing a theoretical framework which serves as the basis of this study. Chapter three examines the effect of gender inequality. It opens an area of extensive examination that differentiates sexual practice from the sexual roles assigned to women and men. Chapter four examines women who are submissive or radical in some cultural aspects. Chapter five discusses women’s self assertion. Chapter six concludes this study.

University of the Witwatersrand Department of Humanities Wits School of the Arts Drama for Life: (MADT) Master of Arts in Drama Therapy / The body has always fascinated me! As a classically trained dancer with a Physical Theatre background, I learnt to use my body as a means of expressing myself. I saw the body as a means to performance, but I believed there was more to the body than just being put on show. In University I learnt about and came to understand the mind-body connection (Plamer, 2009). This interested me and I began to search deeper, with the question that if the body and mind are connected, where are our human memories stored? I have always wondered what moves me and what moves the people around me… This research was a platform for me to look into the notion of the mind, body connection and memory. Through the use of story and movement, I began to consider bullying as a memory which the body and mind both experience. Through the research I focused on where the body had stored this experience and what were the effects of this stored memory (the aftermath). The rest of this paper unpacks my research and my findings working with a client centred approach. In this paper I speak back to the approach I took during the research process, using Laban’s 8 Effort actions, Lahad’s 6 Part Story Method and Whitehouse’s Authentic Movement as part of the integration process speaking back to bullying.