Drawing from oral histories which I gathered while living in Bolivia, this thesis tracks the start, growth, and development of the political movement led by women from the Bolivian mines from 1961 to 1987. This movement helped create a new political culture that recognized the importance of women’s participation in politics and human rights. Today, this culture lives on. Bolivia has not experienced a coup since 1980, and the nation’s human rights record has improved dramatically since the 1980s as well. Prior to the mid-1980s, Bolivia was often under the control of oppressive military regimes that resorted to many different types of coercion in attempts to silence resistance in the mining centers, the national government’s main source of conflict. This uneven power struggle between working class activists and the national government motivated many women to challenge gender roles and involve themselves in politics. After establishing their political organization called the Housewives’ Committee, women activists organized and acted collectively to challenge political oppression and mitigate the effects of extreme poverty. They frequently employed compelling tactics, most commonly hunger strikes, to win attention for their issues. They also involved themselves in many other diverse projects and demonstrations depending on their communities’ need. Women’s political development resulted in a number of personal transformations among those who participated: it awakened a political consciousness and also enabled women to recognize the importance of their paid and unpaid work in the mining economy. These changes eventually altered women’s understanding of how women’s oppression fit into the broader struggle of working class activism by convincing them of the deep connection between women’s liberation and the liberation of their community. These transformations led to the acceptance of women as political activists and leaders, which continues in the present. This work also tracks the United States’ impact on the relationship between the mining centers and the state. This analysis serves to remind us that as United States citizens we must be very critical of our nation’s impact; because of our ability to enormously affect small land-locked countries like Bolivia, we must also hold ourselves accountable to understanding our historical impact so that we can make informed decisions in the present.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

This thesis is an examination of the African National Congress Women's League publication Voice of Women, from 1976-1989. The Voice of Women was the only regular publication produced in affiliation with the ANC that was directly targeted at -- and primarily produced by -- women. Through an examination of the articles and images within this publication, supplemented with meeting minutes, published interviews, ANC press statements and newspaper articles, this work attempts to understand the relationship between the ANC Women's League as an auxiliary body dedicated to the overall aims of the parent body of the ANC and the Women's League as an organisation capable of forwarding women's rights while putting women's concerns at the forefront of the political landscape. The history of the publication's inception, funding, audience and editorial concerns during the 1971-1979 period are covered in Chapter One of this dissertation, as the language of the publication was honed and refined to a militant pitch. Images of women as mothers and militant fighters are explored in depth in Chapters Two and Four, particularly the use of the term "mother of the nation" as an image promulgated by the ANC as the ideal type of "woman" involved in the liberation movement. Chapter Three covers the negotiation between the ANC Women's Secretariat's desire to launch a campaign against Oepo Provera while simultaneously forwarding the aims of the ANC by altering the scope of the campaign to encompass the National Party's family planning programme. Finally, the epilogue of this dissertation briefly addresses the subsequent failure of the Women's League to enact effective women's campaigns inside the country after the unbanning of the ANC in 1990. The political turmoil that the ANCWL experienced under the leadership of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela can be examined as a dissolution of the carefully negotiated landscape the ANCWL tread with the ANC throughout its period in exile as portrayed in the pages of VOW. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

For centuries, women's opinion on matters of peace building were largely ignored. The importance of women's participation in peacebuilding cannot be better expressed than in the United Nations Security Council's Resolution 1325 of 2000. This resolution, which was unanimously adopted by the council, calls for the broad participation of women in peace buildlng and post conflict reconstruction. The primary data aspect of this study was conducted with a diverse group of women based in Durban . Ten women where interviewed with the aim of gathering data about their experiences of peace buildlng and their vision of peace. They viewed their approaches as often distinct from men and believed that the significance of their peace buildlng work is not adequately recognized. What these ten women have in common is courage, tenacity and a long term vision of a world in peace. They view the attainment of peace and a return to normality as everyone's ' responsibility and everyone's concern. Women, men, politicians and religious and civic organizations should be seen as working toqether in buildlng peace. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2004.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1992. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [284]-294).

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-78).

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-78) Also available in print.

The main objective of my thesis is to outline basic concepts helping to understand the gender issue. Following these finds I want to focus on the concepts of the modern political scene and on the mapping of the theoretical finds and facts regarding the numbers of politically engaged women in Czech politics. A bigger part of this thesis will focus on the research which will consist of two parts. The original assumption consisted of only one research but while writing my thesis I encountered new facts which I wanted to include and that is why I conducted two researches. The topic of the thesis is the question of gender division of roles in the political sphere in the Czech Republic. Based on the introductory theoretical description of development of the emancipation movement striving for active participation of women in modern democratic politics and characterization of the situation in the Czech society, a research into the division of roles between men and women will be conducted. An attempt to state the reasons why there are less women in politics nowadays will be based on active cooperation with PF JCU students through information gained from questionnaire survey. The anticipated conclusion will be a summary of all finds and an attempt to suggest a solution to reach an optimal state in Czech politics.

Orientador: Maria Cristina Gobbi / Banca: Maximiliano Martin Vicente / Banca: Marli dos Santos / Resumo: Demochargia: Dilma Rousseff e seu primeiro ano de mandato pelas charges jornalísticas teve como objetivo verificar de que forma a presidente Dilma Rousseff e seu primeiro ano de mandato foram representados nas charges de cinco jornais brasileiros. Justifica-se este estudo pelo ineditismo da chegada de uma mulher à presidência de um país que há pouco mais de 80 anos sequer reconhecia o sufrágio feminino, num jogo de separação entre espaço público e privado, que, fortalecido pela mídia, colocava a mulher como um ser atuante apenas no espaço privado do lar. A escolha da charge como ferramenta de análise deste estudo deu-se por sua importância no contexto editorial do jornal, sendo ela essencialmente opinativa e crítica, bem como por sua natureza humorística, cujo uso de estereótipos e a satirização de figuras públicas, em especial, políticas, é bastante frequente. Assim, foram analisadas charges de um jornal de cada região do país: Zero Horo (Sul), Folha de S. Paulo (Sudeste), Correio Braziliense (Centro-Oeste), Jornal do Commercio (Nordeste) e Diário do Amazonas (Norte), publicadas ao longo de 2011, totalizando um corpus de 332 charges. Para análise, utilizamos o método de conteúdo. Após a categorização do material, os conteúdos mais expressivos foram interpretados de acordo com as questões de pesquisa formuladas a partir de nosso objetivo geral, bem como do referencial teórico. Como principais resultados podemos destacar que os temas mais explorados pelas charges ao longo do primeiro ano de mandato de Dilma Rousseff foram as sete trocas de ministros e as relações de Dilma com base aliada, principalmente com o Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (PMDB). A representação de Dilma foi baseada em principalmente duas estratégias, o clichê mulher dona de casa, sendo ela muitas vezes representada com vassouras nas mãos, fazendo uma "faxina ministerial", e a postura séria e assertiva de Dilma, representada... / Abstract: Demochargia: Dilma Rousseff and her first year of presidential term by journalistic editorial cartoons aimed to verify how President Dilma Rousseff and her first year of presidential term were represented in five Brazilian newspaper editorial cartoons. This study is justified by the uniqueness of the arrival of a woman to the presidency of a country that just over 80 years even recognize women"s suffrage, in a game of separation between public and private space, which, strengthened by the media, put the woman as a being active only in the private space of the home. The choise of editorial cartoon as an analysis tool of this study was given its importance in the newspaper's editorial context, it being essentially opinionative and critic, as well as his humorous nature, whose use of stereotypes and satirization of public figures, in particular, policies, quite frequently. Thus, a newspaper editorial cartoons of each region of the country were analyzed: Zero Hora (South), Folha de S. Paulo (Southeast), Correio Brasiliense (Midwest), Jornal do Commercio (Northeast) and Diario do Amazonas (North), published in 2011, totaling a corpus of 322 editorial cartoons. For analysis, we use the method of content analysis. After categorizing the material, the most significant contents were interpreted according to the research questions formulated from our overall objective as well as the theoretical framework. As main results we can say that the themes explored over the editorial cartoons throughout the Dilma Rousseff's fisrt year of presidential term were seven trades of ministers and relations with Dilma's allied base, especially with the Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (PMDB). The representation of Dilma was based on mainly two strategies, the cicle housewife woman, she is often pictured with brooms in hand, making a "ministerial cleaning"; and the seriuos and assertive stance of Dilma, represented in editorial cartoons with a certain... / Mestre