x, 100 p. : music / This study looks at the lives of female musicians who lived and worked in Oregon in the early twentieth century in order to answer questions about what musical opportunities were available to them and what musical life may have been like. In this study I am looking at the lives of the composers, performers, and music teachers, Ethel Edick Burtt (1886-1974) and Mary Evelene Calbreath (1895-1972). Mary Evelene Calbreath was a prominent Portland musician and composer. Her works were performed frequently in Portland and were written about newspapers. Ethel Edick Burtt composed piano pieces and songs, and performances of them were advertised in newspapers. Her life was remarkable enough to make it into encyclopedias like the <italic>Who's Who, Cohen,</italic> and the <italic>MacMillan.</italic> For this study I use archival material, newspaper advertisements and articles, and secondary sources about Portland and Oregon history. / Committee in charge: Anne Dhu McLucas, Chair; Lori Kruckenberg, Member; Loren Kajikawa, Member

An individual's identity development involves the intersection of several factors, including race, class, gender, and sexuality. Historically, enslaved women's identities were sexually, culturally, and politically framed on the plantations through the lens of white male hegemony. The double jeopardy of being African American and female in a white patriarchal society has generated a legacy of struggle to resist the images constructed such as Matriarch, Aunt Jemima/Mammy, Sapphire, and Jezebel to name a few. The resistance legacy of African American women like Sojourner Truth, Ida B. Wells, and Mary Church-Terrell, has expanded into the musical sphere of popular culture. Blues artists such as Nina Simone, Billie Holiday, and Bessie Smith expressed their resistance to oppression and repression aesthetically. Through musical expression, African American women performers have formulated a space where they can protest the hegemonic paradigms of sexual and racial inferiority. In contemporary popular culture this musical space is in Hip Hop. Contemporary African American women rap artists are continuing the struggle to overcome the characterizations and undertake the monumental task of demystifying the racist and sexist ideologies framing their identity. This thesis examines the ways that African American women convey the challenges they face both within the Hip Hop micro-culture and as African American women struggling in a white patriarchal macroculture. In addition, African American women rap artists' employment of rap music as a medium to develop their own identities, whether negative or positive by "Black feminist" or "womanist'' standards is also explored. This study includes a survey of student attitudes toward these issues.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Bayreuth. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-315) and index.

Females make up the minority in professional euphonium playing and teaching roles in the USA. The purpose of this research is to unveil the reasons behind this imbalance and to discover potential impacts females experience as a minority in the field. Research methods included sending a questionnaire to professional female euphonium players and teachers to document the experiences of participants. A secondary purpose of this study is to further document the existence of past and present potential female euphonium role models. Through a discussion of possible origins of and reasons behind a perceived lack of female euphonium players, I am seeking ways to achieve greater parity by garnering a more comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by female euphonium players.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-09T10:25:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizabeth Rizzi Lyra.pdf: 2052746 bytes, checksum: 8383184eedebe141b1581ed70266daa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T10:25:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizabeth Rizzi Lyra.pdf: 2052746 bytes, checksum: 8383184eedebe141b1581ed70266daa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-19 / This work is part of the research line “Reading, Writting and Portuguese Language Teaching”, from the Postgraduate Program in Portuguese Language of the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo. It has as general objective, the constitution of the female ethos in songs written by women composers, as well as the reading, from the rhetorical perspective of those songs in the learning environment of a regular school. Therefore, we have analyzed the female participation in the music history and the application of musical genre in the formation of youth education since the Old Greece back to current days. Based on the theoretical concepts, we analyze the songs Resposta (1958) from Maysa, Essa mulher (1978) composed by Joyce feat Ana Terra and Pagu (2000) from Rita Lee, so we could analyze which rhetorical appeals are applied in the constitution of the ethos of the woman. We highlighted through this analysis, the related aspects to the ethos (the composer’s credibility) and the logos (arguments and figures), just as the pathetic effects awakened in the audience by those songs. The ethos of the resistance and the manifestation of the passion for so long repressed, strongly uncovers in the songs. Regarding the reading in class, we can assure that the songs become rich sources in the formation of competent readers / Esta tese, inserida na linha de pesquisa Leitura, Escrita e Ensino de Língua Portuguesa, do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, tem como tema o estudo da constituição do ethos feminino em músicas compostas por oradores do sexo feminino, bem como a leitura, sob a perspectiva da retórica, dessas músicas em sala de aula. Para que isso fosse possível, fizemos um breve percurso histórico sobre a participação da mulher na música, e da utilização do gênero canção na formação educacional dos jovens desde a Grécia Antiga até os dias atuais. Amparados pelos conceitos retóricos, analisamos as canções Resposta (1958) de Maysa, Essa mulher (1978) composta por Joyce em parceria com Ana Terra, e Pagu (2000) de Rita Lee para assim investigar quais recursos retóricos são utilizados na constituição do ethos da mulher. Evidenciamos, ao longo de nossa análise, aspectos relativos ao ethos (credibilidade do orador) e ao logos (argumentos e figuras), bem como os efeitos patéticos despertados no auditório por essas canções. O ethos da resistência e de manifestação de paixões há tanto reprimidas se descortinou potentemente nas canções. Com relação à leitura em sala de aula, podemos afirmar que as canções tornam-se fontes riquíssimas na formação de leitores competentes

This thesis examines the impact of gender, feminism and motherhood on the careers of four Australian composers: Margaret Sutherland (1897–1984), Ann Carr-Boyd (b. 1938), Elena Kats-Chernin (b. 1957) and Katy Abbott (b. 1971). / Aspects of the biographies of each of these women are explored, and I situate their narratives within the cultural and musical contexts of their eras, in order to achieve heightened understanding of the ideologies and external influences that have contributed to their choices and experiences. Methodologies derived from feminist biography and oral history/ethnography underpin this study. Theorists who inform this work include Marcia Citron, Daphne de Marneffe, Sherna Gluck, Carolyn Heilbrun, Anne Manne, Ann Oakley, Alessandro Portelli, Adrienne Rich and Robert Stake, along with many others. / The demands traditionally placed on women through motherhood and domesticity have led to a lack of time and creative space being available to develop their careers. Thus they have faced significant challenges in gaining public recognition as serious composers. There is a need for biographical analysis of these women’s lives, in order to consider their experiences and the encumbrances they have faced through attempting to combine their creative and mothering roles. Previous scholarship has concentrated more on their compositions than on the women who created them, and the impact of private lives on public lives has not been considered worthy of consideration. / Three broad themes are investigated. First, the ways in which each composer’s family background, upbringing and education have impacted on their decision to enter the traditionally male field of composition are explored. The positive influence from family and other mentors, and opportunities for a sound musical education, are factors particularly necessary for aspiring female composers. I argue that all four women have benefited from upbringings in families where education and artistic endeavour have been valued highly. / The second theme concerns the extent to which the feminist movement has influenced the women’s lives as composers and mothers, and the levels of frustration, and/or satisfaction or pleasure each has felt in blending motherhood with composition. I contend that all four composers have led feminist lives in the sense that they have exercised agency and a sense of entitlement in choices regarding their domestic and work lives. The three living composers have reaped the benefits of second-wave feminism, but have eschewed complete engagement with its agenda, especially its repudiation of motherhood. They can more readily be identified with the currently evolving third wave of feminism, which advocates women’s freedom to choose how to balance the equally-valued roles of motherhood and the public world of work. I assert that Sutherland was a third-wave prototype, a position that was atypical of her era. / The third and final theme comprises an investigation of the ways in which historical and enduring negative attitudes towards women as musical creators have played out in the musical careers in these composers. It is contested that Sutherland experienced greater challenges than her successors in the areas of dissemination, composition for larger forces, and critical reception, but appears to have been more comfortable in promoting her work. The exploration of their careers demonstrates that all four of these creative mothers are well-respected and recognised composers. They are ‘third-wave’ women who have considerably enriched Australia’s musical landscape.

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie studie handel oor die rol wat vroue in die Westerse musiekgeskiedenis van SuidAfrika vanaf 1652 tot 1952 gespeel bet. Vroue se bydraes en die belangrikheid daarvan word dus op haas elke denkbare gebied van die musiekmilieu gedurende die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van elke belanghebbende Westerse gemeenskap ondersoek. Hoofstukke een tot vyf konsentreer op die rol wat vroue as professione1e en amateur musikante binne die volgende streke sou vervul: Wes-Kaap, Natal, Vrystaat, Transvaal en Oos-Kaap. Hul posisies as uitvoerende kunstenaars, opvoedkundiges, beskermvroue, orkeslede, dirigente, komponiste, asook as stigters en lede van musiekverenigings word bestudeer. Hoofstuk ses stel 'n algemene beeld van die identiteit en werksaamhede van vrouemusici in die Suid-Afrikaanse musiekgeskiedenis daar. Daar word gekyk na die belangrikheid van hul bydraes en gevolglik blyk duidelik dat hul betekenis nie na waarde geskat word nie. Ten slotte word gepoog om vas te stel wat ten grondslag van hierdie ,verskynsel le. / This study deals with women musicians in the history of Western music in South Africa from 1652 to 1952. Their contributions within the origin and development of every major Western society are traced. Chapters one to five highlight women's roles as professional and amateur musicians in the following regions: Western Cape, Natal, Free State, Transvaal and Eastern Cape. Their posistions as performing artists, educators, patrons, orchestral players, conductors, composers, as well as fo'unders and members of musical societies are discussed. Chapter six recreates a general image of the identity and activity of South African women musicians. It becomes evident that their contributions are entirely underestimated. Finally the study seeks to place this misconception into proper perspective. / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / M. Mus.

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie studie handel oor die rol wat vroue in die Westerse musiekgeskiedenis van SuidAfrika vanaf 1652 tot 1952 gespeel bet. Vroue se bydraes en die belangrikheid daarvan word dus op haas elke denkbare gebied van die musiekmilieu gedurende die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van elke belanghebbende Westerse gemeenskap ondersoek. Hoofstukke een tot vyf konsentreer op die rol wat vroue as professione1e en amateur musikante binne die volgende streke sou vervul: Wes-Kaap, Natal, Vrystaat, Transvaal en Oos-Kaap. Hul posisies as uitvoerende kunstenaars, opvoedkundiges, beskermvroue, orkeslede, dirigente, komponiste, asook as stigters en lede van musiekverenigings word bestudeer. Hoofstuk ses stel 'n algemene beeld van die identiteit en werksaamhede van vrouemusici in die Suid-Afrikaanse musiekgeskiedenis daar. Daar word gekyk na die belangrikheid van hul bydraes en gevolglik blyk duidelik dat hul betekenis nie na waarde geskat word nie. Ten slotte word gepoog om vas te stel wat ten grondslag van hierdie ,verskynsel le. / This study deals with women musicians in the history of Western music in South Africa from 1652 to 1952. Their contributions within the origin and development of every major Western society are traced. Chapters one to five highlight women's roles as professional and amateur musicians in the following regions: Western Cape, Natal, Free State, Transvaal and Eastern Cape. Their posistions as performing artists, educators, patrons, orchestral players, conductors, composers, as well as fo'unders and members of musical societies are discussed. Chapter six recreates a general image of the identity and activity of South African women musicians. It becomes evident that their contributions are entirely underestimated. Finally the study seeks to place this misconception into proper perspective. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M. Mus.

Lisa Markley, a.k.a. "Miz Markley", is a genuinely happy person even if she is not particularly financially successful as a musician. In an effort to validate my own choices as an artist, I chose to follow her. What was intended to be a portrait of a working musician, becomes instead a feminist musical essay film about the transformative power of art making.