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A study of the variations in wood anatomy of Hawaiian Metrosideros (Myrtaceae)Sastrapradja, Didin Sumarna January 1965 (has links)
Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1965. / Bibliography: leaves [164]-172. / vi, [3], 196 l illus., mounted photos, tables
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Basic density and shrinkage of oak in relation to wood structure and cambial ageAebischer, Danille P. January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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Micromechanics of softwoods in the transverse plane : effects on cell and annual ring scales /Modén, Carl S., January 2008 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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Anatomia comparada do lenho de raiz e caule de Lippia salviaefolia Cham. E Aegiphila sellowiana Cham.(Verbenaceae) de área de cerrado do Estado de São PauloGoulart, Selma Lopes [UNESP] 28 June 2006 (has links) (PDF)
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goulart_sl_me_botib.pdf: 7491133 bytes, checksum: 05a3d0a2fc2e9b16c65db6cfef8d0787 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Estudos comparativos da anatomia do lenho de raiz e caule em espécies brasileiras são escassos, porém de grande importância, uma vez que as variações estruturais entre os dois órgãos são indispensáveis para o entendimento das adaptações ecológicas das espécies. Neste trabalho estudou-se a anatomia comparada do lenho de raiz e caule das espécies Lippia salviaefolia Cham. e Aegiphila sellowiana Cham., da família Verbenaceae. As espécies ocorrem em reserva particular de cerrado no município de Pratânia, estado de São Paulo (23º 02 55, 5 S e 48º 31 26,1 W). Foram estudados três espécimes de L. salviaefolia e A. sellowiana. Amostras de caule foram coletadas à altura do peito (AP), isto é, a 1,30 m do solo e as amostras de raiz foram coletadas de 30 a 40 cm da base do tronco. Observou-se que houve variações anatômicas, qualitativa e quantitativa, entre os órgãos analisados, caule e raiz, para ambas as espécies. As duas espécies possuem camadas de crescimento distintas em ambos os órgãos. Anel semi-poroso foi observado no lenho de ambas as espécies. Placas de perfuração simples e múltiplas foram observadas nos elementos de vaso do lenho de raiz e caule em L. salviaefolia, enquanto que placas de perfuração simples foram observadas nos elementos de vaso do lenho de raiz e caule em A. sellowiana. Raios mais largos foram observados no lenho de raiz em ambas as espécies. Fibras septadas foram observadas no lenho de raiz em L. salviaefolia e no lenho de caule e raiz em A. sellowiana. Fibras bifurcadas, com cavidades e com interrupção de parede foram observadas no lenho de caule e raiz em L. salviaefolia e A. sellowina O índice de vulnerabilidade e mesomorfia indicam que as plantas de L. salviaefolia estão adaptadas às condições xéricas e as plantas de A. sellowiana estão adaptadas às condições mésicas. Quantitativamente, as características... / Comparative wood anatomy of root and stem in Brazilian species are scarce and they are important as the structural variations between both organs might explain the adaptive characteristics of the species. Wood from stem and root of L. salviaefolia Cham. and Aegiphila sellowiana Cham. (Verbenaceae) was studied. The study was conducted in a cerrado area in Pratânia municipality, São Paulo state (23º 02 55, 5 S e 48º 31 26,1 W). Three plants of each species were studied. Stem samples were collected at a breast height (1.30 m from soil), and root samples were collected 30 to 40 cm from the stem base. There were qualitative and quantitative variation between root and stem wood in both species. Well defined growth increments were observed in root and stem wood in both species. Semi-porous rings were observed in the wood of both species. Simple and multiple perforation plates were observed in vessel elements of root and stem wood in L. salviaefolia, while simple perforation plates were observed in vessel elements of root and stem wood in A. sellowiana. Wider rays were observed in root wood in both species. Septate fibres were observed in root wood of L. salviaefolia and in root and stem wood of A. sellowiana. Concavities-and-gaps-containing bifurcated fibres were observed in the stem and root wood for both A. sellowiana and L. salviaefolia. The vulnerability and mesomorphy indexes indicate that L. salviaefolia plants are adapted to xeric conditions and A. sellowiana plants are adapted to mesic conditions. The most informative quantitative characteristics differing root wood from stem one in L. salviaefolia were: vessel elements length and frequency; fibre diameter and length, and wall thickness; and ray width and height. In A. sellowiana, they were: vessel elements length, diameter and frequency; fibre diameter and wall thickness; and ray width, height and frequency and intervascular pitting diameter.
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Variations in some structural features and wood properties of Pinus caribaea Morelot from British HondurasLantican, C. B. January 1972 (has links)
No description available.
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Preserving and Surfacing Rotted Wood and CharcoalHall, E. T., Jr. 04 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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New Method of Surfacing Wood Specimens for StudyBowers, Nathan A. 06 1900 (has links)
The types of wood identified from tree -ring specimens of 78 archaeological sites in the area of Flagstaff, Arizona were analyzed for changes through time. The sites span a period from Basketmaker III through Pueblo III times. Most of the specimens are from constructional materials. The wood identifications were also compared with the tree types growing on the sites today (1960). The analyses show that there is a great uniformity of types of wood used and the relative percentages of the various woods throughout the time span. This uniformity exists regardless of the location of the site geographically, or in relation to the modern tree distribution. Only the sites constructed during Pueblo I times are different. This group is restricted to the present ponderosa pine limits, and they did not yield a single specimen of either juniper or oak, both of which are found in all the other time divisions. Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, piñon pine and Populus sp. occur in relatively consistent percentages throughout the time span, despite the change in dwelling type from pithouses to pueblos. Since the Indians used trees other than those closest at hand for building purposes, they had to haul large quantities of wood from the areas where the trees grew. Distances to the nearest places where the wood types can be found today are as much as 15 miles from the sites. Some strong motivation must have inspired so great an expenditure of effort, but the reason is not apparent.
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Technique To Improve Visualization Of Elusive Tree-Ring Boundaries In Aspen (Populus tremuloides)DeRose, R. Justin, Gardner, Richard S. 01 1900 (has links)
A simple, quick, and inexpensive technique to improve visualization of aspen (Populus tremuloides) tree rings under the microscope, the ‘shadow technique’, is described. The technique assumes appropriate preparation of increment cores or cross-sections and works well on the lighter portions of the sample with fungus- and bacteria-free wood. The shadow technique was used successfully to elucidate tree-ring boundaries in small diameter (<5 cm DBH) aspen from northern Utah that commonly had >100 annual rings. Crossdating verified whether the elusive rings were missing or false rings. Aspen tree-ring measurement will be greatly enhanced with the shadow technique and preliminary investigation suggests it could be used on other species such as curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius).
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A importância da arquitetura hidráulica para a compreensão do padrão de distribuição de árvores em uma floresta de terra firme na Amazônia CentralCosme, Luiza Helena Menezes 31 May 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Environmental filters act directly on the distribution and composition of species. However, it
is not known how soil and belowground hydric conditions are related to hydraulic
characteristics of the xylem, branches and of the whole plant on a local scale. We examined
wood density and anatomy, height, leaf area, specific leaf area, and the leaf area:sapwood area
ratio at the branch level in valleys and plateaus of the terra-firme forest in Central Amazonia.
These environments present contrasting table water depths and soil textures. We measure 20
traits related to branches, stem, and whole plant in 28 congeneric species pairs from 12
genera, each containing one valley and one plateau species. Species associated with the
plateaus or valleys showed trait differences that indicate distinct investments in prevention
against hydraulic failure and driving efficiency, respectively. On plateaus, species had higher
wood density, lower averages of vessel size and hydraulic diameter of the vessel, smaller stem
sapwood area and smaller specific leaf area. Some correlations between traits change
according to the contrasting environmental conditions, demonstrating that species have
different investments in traits according to the water conditions in the soil. The maximum
adult stature in contrast environments was associated with different investing in conductivity
efficiency through the xylem anatomy.We conclude that even in a fine scale, with few meters
separating contrasting soil texture and water table depth conditions, environmental filters may
impose ecological restrictions on trees that could explain species complementary distribution
in Central Amazonia. These filter may be stronger in phylogenetically closely related species,
which show more similarities and compete for the same resources. Thus, contrasting soil
texture and water table depth conditions may be important determinants of species
composition and diversity . Thus, we suggest that hydraulic attributes and their relationships
with the environment must be better understood, especially on a local level. / Filtros ambientais atuam diretamente sobre a distribuição e composição de espécies. No
entanto, não se sabe como solo e as condições hídricas abaixo do solo estão relacionados às
características hidráulicas do xilema. Nós examinamos a densidade da madeira e anatomia da
madeira, altura, área foliar, área foliar específica e a razão entre área foliar:área de xilema
ativo no nível do ramo em espécies de árvore que ocorrem no baixio e platôs em uma floresta
de terra-firme. Esses ambientes apresentam diferenças na profundidade do lençol freático e
textura do solo. Nós medimos 20 traços funcionais em 28 pares de espécies congenéricas de
12 gêneros. Cada par com uma espécie associada a baixio e uma espécie associada platô.
Espécies associadas aos platô ou baixios mostraram diferenças que indicam investimentos
distintos na prevenção contra a falha hidráulica e eficiência de condução, respectivamente.
Em platôs, as espécies apresentaram maior densidade da madeira, as médias mais baixas de
diâmetro do vaso e diâmetro hidráulico do vaso, menor área de xilema ativo no caule e menor
área foliar específica. A relação entre alguns atributos se alterou nas condições ambientais
contrastantes, e espécies de diferentes alturas nos diferentes ambientes parecem investir em
eficiencia e segurança hidráulica de maneiras distintas. Concluímos que mesmo em uma
escala fina, com poucos metros separando ambientes com condições contrastantes de textura
do solo e profundidade do lençol freático, filtros ambientais podem impor restrições
ecológicas em árvores que poderiam explicar espécies de distribuição complementar na
Amazônia Central. Estas restrições podem ser mais fortes em espécies filogeneticamente
relacionadas, que mostram mais semelhanças e competem pelos mesmos recursos. Sugerimos
que os atributos hidráulicos e suas relações com o meio ambiente devem ser melhor
compreendidos, especialmente a nível local.
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Wood - an anatomical structure in the tree and an engineering material in industry : prediction of material properties in managed Scots pine stands in the forest /Eriksson, Daniel, January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2008. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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