• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 10
  • 4
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 16
  • 16
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Teplovodní krbová vložka / Hot-water Fireplace

Kárl, Jiří January 2013 (has links)
Diploma thesis has three main parts. The first one deals with division of fireplace inserts, their description, way of connection, regulation and protection againts overheating. The second part is about calculations and engineering desing of the prototype hot-water fireplace „Kárlovka“. The last part of diploma thesis verifies the parameters of the desingned fireplace insert by experimental test in two different measurement setup, where there are compared to results obtained with the results of calculation.
12

Analýza sacharidů a markerů spalování dřeva v atmosférických aerosolech / Analysis of saccharides and markers of wood combustion in atmospheric aerosols

Kubátková, Nela January 2011 (has links)
Diploma thesis deals with the analysis of saccharides and markers of biomass and wood combustion in atmospheric aerosol, PM2,5. Theoretic part is focused on general characterisation of atmospheric aerosols and on the properties, sources and analysis methods of selected analysed organic compounds. The experimental part is focused on the optimization of method for simultaneous analysis of saccharides and tracers from biomass and wood combustion. Optimization of method includes selection of solvent for the extraction of compounds and optimization of derivatization process and GC/MS analysis. The optimized method was then applied for the analysis of selected compounds in real aerosol samples in the size fraction PM2.5. The concentrations of analysed compounds were compared in term of sampling seasons.
13

Residential wood combustion, cancer risk frequency and costs in Sweden : A review of instruments using the MCA methodology / Småskalig vedeldning, cancerriskfrekvenser och kostnader i Sverige : En undersökning av styrmedel med MCA metodik

Watz, Matilda January 2017 (has links)
Air pollution cause approximately 5000 premature deaths in Sweden each year. Residential wood combustion of solid biomass (RWC) is responsible for at least 1000 based on a relative risk coefficient of 17 % per 10 μg/m3 exposure. The carcinogenic properties of RWC emissions is linked to their content of particulates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s). The ambition of this study is to answer whether cancer risk may be used as indicator for out dated heating technology with high emissions of carcinogenic air pollutants, and which socioeconomic costs that can be linked to such a scenario. The efficacy of different instruments that are discussed in Swedish environmental policy is also discussed. A transdisciplinary approach, constituting of a literature review, statistical analysis, gap analysis and multi criteria analysis was applied as study design. A literature review resulted in a mapping of the state of the art concerning RWC particulates and their impact on cancer in Sweden together with its related socioeconomic costs. The study is focused on PM2,5 and B(a)P emissions. A statistical analysis examined the potential relationship between short-lived micro nuclei (MN) in Swedish 12-year old school children, and their exposure to the carcinogenic PAH Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) from RWC in Sweden. The results suggest that higher rates of lung cancer incidence, and socioeconomic costs may be found in areas burdened with high rates of RWC emissions from outdated heating technology. The MCA suggest that a combination of instruments is most suitable to achieve the targeted specification for B(a)P in the Clean Air objective, as found in previous CBA’s, and that other instrument may lack efficacy. / Varje år orsakar luftföroreningar omkring 5000 prematura dödsfall i Sverige. Småskalig vedeldning (RWC) ansvarar för åtminstone 1000 av dessa, baserat på den relativa risk-koefficienten 17 % per 10 μg/m3 exponering. De cancerogena egenskaperna hos vedeldningsutsläpp beror bland annat på dess partiklar som bland annat innehåller polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH:er). Ambitionen med denna studie är att besvara hur framtida cancerrisk kan användas som indikator för luftföroreningar från omodern uppvärmningsteknik och vilka samhällsekonomiska följder som kan länkas till en sådan. Dessutom undersöktes styrkraften hos de styrmedel som diskuteras i svensk miljöpolicy. Med hjälp av ett tvärvetenskapligt tillvägagångssätt, bestående av litteraturgenomgång, statistisk analys, gapanalys och multikriterieanalys besvarades frågorna. Litteraturgenomgången resulterade i en kartläggning av det nuvarande kunskapsläget om vedpartiklars påverkan på cancer i Sverige och dess relaterade samhällskostnader. Studien är fokuserad på PM2,5 och B(a)P emissioner. En statistisk analys undersökte korrelationen mellan en biomarkor för framtida cancerrisk, kortlivade mikrokärnor (MN), hos svenska 12-åriga skolelever, och deras vedröksexponering. Resultaten indikerar svagt att större risk för lungcancer kan spås i områden med relativt högre exponering för vedrökskomponenten B(a)P, alltså områden med omodern uppvärmningsutrustning. Multikriterieanalysen visar, liksom i tidigare kostnad-effektivitetsanalyser, att en kombination av olika styrmedel har störst potential att uppnå specifikationerna för PM2,5 och B(a)P i det svenska miljökvalitetsmålet Ren luft. Andra styrmedel kan sakna styrkraft.
14

Insect olfaction as an information filter for chemo-analytical applications

Paczkowski, Sebastian 29 May 2013 (has links)
Die Geruchswahrnehmung von Insekten ist an die spezifischen Anforderungen der Ökosysteme angepasst, in denen sie leben. Von Insekten wahrgenommene Volatile können Informationen über den Ort eines geeigneten Ovipositionsplatzes oder den physiologischen Zustand einer Wirtspflanze geben. Da der Geruchssinn der Insekten sich seit Millionen von Jahren an die Wahrnehmung bestimmter Volatile angepasst hat, können die wahrgenommenen Volatile als Markerstoffe angesehen werden, die zuverlässig einen Ökosystemzustand angeben können. Die Identifikation dieser Markerzustände und die Evaluation ihrer Nützlichkeit für spurenanalytische Anwendungen ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit. Es wurden drei Themen ausgewählt um die Verwendungsmöglichkeit des Insektengeruchssinns für Sensoranwendungen zu überprüfen: Fleischfrische, Todeszeitbestimmung (post mortem Intervall, PMI) und frühzeitige Feuererkennung. Spurenanalytik (GC-MS), Elektrophysiologie (EAG, GC-MS/EAD), Verhaltensversuche und Feldtests wurden angewandt, um die chemoökologische Interaktion der Schmeißfliege Calliphora vicina und der „Feuerkäfer“ Melanophila cuspidata, Merimna atrata and Acanthocnemus nigricans mit ihrer natürlichen Umgebung zu untersuchen. Die Resultate aus diesen Methoden erlaubten die Selektion von Volatilen, die drei Kriteria erfüllen: hohe Quantität, zuverlässige Emission und die ausschliessliche Emission von der untersuchten und keiner anderen Quelle. Diese drei Auswahlkriterien wurden aufgestellt um zu gewährleisten, dass die ausgewählten Markervolatile nicht nur zuverlässig mit dem physiologischen Status der Substrate (Alter von verderbendem Fleisch, PMI, Temperatur von erhitzten Spänen) korrelieren, sondern auch den Ansprüchen technischen Sensorsysteme genügen. Im Falle des alternden Fleisches unter warmen und trockenen Bedingungen ist Nonanal ein Zeiger für die korrekte Reifung des Fleisches zu Schinken. Dimethyl Trisulfid, Phenol und Indol zeigen das Verderben des Fleisches unter warmen und feuchten Bedingungen an. Bei niedrigen Temperaturen sind zunehmende 2,3 Butandiol Emission und abnehmende Nonanal Emission ein Zeiger für zunehmendes Verderben des Fleisches, sowohl unter trockenen als auch feuchten Bedingungen. Allerdings wurde 2,3 Butandiol nicht von C. vicina wahrgenommen, da die Fliege während der Vegetationszeit aktiv ist und unter diesen Bedingungen Dimethyl Trisulfid, Phenol und Indol emittiert werden. Nonanal, Hexanal, Dimethyl Disulfid, Dimethyl Trisulfid, Butan-1-ol und Phenol wurden als nützliche Volatile zur Eingrenzung der Leichenliegezeit ausgewählt. Die genannten Aldehyde sind typisch für die frühen Stadien der Verwesung, gefolgt von Butan-1-ol und den Schwefelsulfiden. Phenol wird hauptsächlich in den späteren Verwesungsstadien emittiert. Allerdings werden Phenol und 1-Butanol nicht von der Fliege wahrgenommen, da diese ein Generalist ist und nicht zwischen dem geblähten und aktivem Stadium der Verwesung unterscheiden muss. Daher wird zusätzlich die Geruchswahrnehmung des Speckkäfers Dermestes maculans betrachtet. Die Untersuchung anderer necrophager Insekten können weitere Einblicke in die Zeitabhängigkeit der Volatilemissionen während der Vertebratenverwesung geben. Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gewonnenen Ergebnisse erlauben eine Korrelation zwischen Emissionen und Leichenliegezeit und können eine Grundlage für eine volatilenbasierte post mortem Zeitbestimmung für Polizeikräfte sein. Terpene, aliphatische Aldehyde, Furfural und Methoxyphenole werden von erhitztem Holz emittiert. Komponenten aus all diesen Stoffklassen werden von M. cuspidata und M. atrata wahrgenommen, da diese Käfer den Erhitzungszustand von Baumstämmen nach einem Feuer erkennen können, um einen geeigneten Ovipositionsplatz zu finden. A. nigricans nimmt vor allem Methoxyphenole wahr, wohingegen M. atrata und M. acuminata Furfural zur Orientierung verwenden. Diese Unterschiede komplementieren das bekannte Verhalten dieser Käfer in ihrer natürlichen Umgebung, da A. nigricans auf verkohlten Stämmen, die große Mengen von Methoxyphenolen emittieren, seine Eier ablegt, und M. atrata und M. cuspidata auf Stämmen ihre Eier ablegen, die vom Feuer zwar äußerlich verkohlt, aber innerlich nur erhitzt wurden und daher Furfural emittieren. Halbleitergassensoren, die Furfural mit einer ausreichenden Selektivität vermessen können, können Holzbrände schon während ansteigender Temperatur und damit vor der Entzündung detektieren. Derartige Sensoren können sowohl als neuartige Frühwarnsysteme für die holzverarbeitende Industrie als auch für Waldbrandwarnsysteme oder den Haushalt dienen.
15

Compostos carbonílicos no ar em ambientes de trabalho de carvoarias na Bahia

Carvalho, Albertinho Barreto de 16 September 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2016-09-16T13:51:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Albertinho.pdf: 2368551 bytes, checksum: 417090fff955b8696ce1e600d35af5e0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Reis (vanessa.jamile@ufba.br) on 2016-09-16T14:11:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Albertinho.pdf: 2368551 bytes, checksum: 417090fff955b8696ce1e600d35af5e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T14:11:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Albertinho.pdf: 2368551 bytes, checksum: 417090fff955b8696ce1e600d35af5e0 (MD5) / CNPq, à CAPES e à FINE / Este trabalho foi realizado com os seguintes objetivos: apresentar uma metodologia analítica aplicável à determinação de compostos carbonílicos (CC) em fase vapor, em amostras estacionárias e pessoais coletadas em ambientes de trabalho de carvoarias; determinar o perfil dos CC presentes no ar inalado pelos trabalhadores e; quantificar os CC no ar, na fase vapor, em locais de trabalho e na zona respiratória de trabalhadores carvoeiros. Os trabalhos de campo foram realizados em quatro carvoarias que produziam o carvão a partir da queima de pinho e de eucalipto, todas localizadas a cerca de 150 km, a nordeste de Salvador. Cartuchos Sep-Pak® C18 impregnados com solução ácida a 0,2% de 2,4 dinitrofenilhidrazina coletaram eficientemente os CC atmosféricos, em vazões em torno de 0,1 L/min e quando a duração da coleta foi de, no máximo, 240 minutos, para as amostras pessoais e 120 minutos, para as estacionárias. Foram desenvolvidos dois protocolos analíticos (Método “1” e Método “2”), ambos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência utilizando bomba com gradiente de eluição de solventes e sistema de detecção por UV/Visível (365 nm), para a separação e quantificação das 2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazonas de vários CC. O Método “1” permitiu separar e quantificar, em menos de 16 minutos, acetaldeído, acroleína, benzaldeído, ciclohexanona, ciclopentanona, 2- etil hexanal, formaldeído, furfural, hexanal, 2-hexenal, octanal, 2-pentenal, propanal, e propanona, com destaque para a separação dos pares acroleína-furfural e propanona-propanal. Além disso, permitiu estimar a soma das concentrações dos isômeros C4, butanal-isobutanal- butanona. O Método “2” permitiu separar e quantificar, em menos de 30 minutos, 13 dos 17 CC citados para o Método “1”. Por este método foi possível separar a butanona da mistura de butanal e isobutanal. O mesmo não ocorreu com a acroleína e o furfural, que co-eluíram. Os limites de detecção e de quantificação para o formaldeído, o acetaldeído e a propanona foram bastante afetados pelos níveis desses compostos encontrados nos brancos de amostra. Acetaldeído, formaldeído, furfural, isômeros C4 e propanona foram os CC confirmados em todas as amostras coletadas, nas quatro carvoarias. Vários outros CC desconhecidos foram detectados nas amostras. Ciclopentanona, 2-pentenal e CC acima de C8 não foram detectados nas amostras pelos dois métodos cromatográficos. Em amostras válidas foram determinadas concentrações de formaldeído entre 15,0 e 139,1 µg m-3, de acetaldeído entre 37,9 e 164,8 µg m-3, de propanona entre 9,6 e 483,0 µg m-3, de furfural entre 38,9 e 113,7 µg m-3 e de isômeros C4 (butanal+isobutanal+butanona) entre 9,8 e 132,4 µg m-3, em amostras pessoais. Em amostras estacionárias, as faixas de concentrações desses mesmos compostos foram respectivamente, 20,4 a 160,2 µg m-3, 118,6 a 283,6 µg m-3, 327,5 a 643,6 µg m-3, 69,9 a 162,9 µg m-3 e 100,0 a 176,1 µg m-3. Os resultados indicam que os trabalhadores das carvoarias se expõem a concentrações de formaldeído, acetaldeído e furfural acima dos limites estabelecidos por alguns organismos internacionais, como o National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - NIOSH e o Health Based Exposure Levels Committee - HBELC, ambos dos Estados Unidos. Estes são os primeiros resultados de concentrações de CC no ar obtidos em ambientes de trabalho e na zona respiratória de trabalhadores de carvoarias, que se tem conhecimento até o momento. / The goals of the present work were to present an analytical methodology applicable to the determination of carbonyl compounds (CC) in vapor phase, in area and personal samples collected in charcoal company workplaces; to determine the CC profile in air inhaled by charcoal workers; and to quantify the CC in vapor phase in air of workplaces and breathing zone of workers in charcoal companies. The measurements were obtained in air samples collected in four companies located about 150 km north of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, which burn eucalyptus and pinus to produce charcoal. The results showed that CC were efficiently collected on Sep-Pak® C18 cartridges coated with 0.2% acidic solution of 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine when the sampling flow rates were around 100 mL/min and the sampling time was 240 minutes for the personal samples and 120 minutes for area samples. Two chromatographic methods (Method 1 and Method 2) for separation and quantification of several 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones (2,4-DNPHO) were developed using a high performance liquid chromatography system with a gradient pump for the solvent elution and a UV detector (365 nm). Method 1 was able to separate and quantify, in less than 16 minutes, the 2,4- DNPHO of acetaldehyde, acrolein, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 2-ethyl hexanal, formaldehyde, furfural, hexanal, 2-hexenal, octanal, 2-pentenal, propanal, and propanone, and estimated the sum of C4 isomers, butanal-isobutanal-butanone. This method separated well acrolein from furfural and propanal from propanone hydrazones. Method “2” allowed separation and quantification, in less than 30 minutes, of 13 of the 17 CC listed for Method 1. This method separated butanone from other components of the C4 mixture and enables the separation of acrolein from furfural. In both methods, the detection and the quantification limits of acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and propanone were affected by the amount of these compounds found in the blank samples. Acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, furfural, C4 isomers, and propanone were the CC confirmed in all samples collected in all charcoal companies. Several unknown CC were also found. Cyclopentanone, 2-pentenal, and carbonyl compounds with more than 8 carbon atoms were not detected in any of the samples by these methods. Concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanone, furfural, and C4 isomers (butanal+isobutanal+butanone) found in personal samples ranged between 15.0 and 139.1 µg m-3, 37.9 and 164.8 µg m-3, 9.6 and 483.0 µg m-3, 38.9 and 113.7 µg m-3, and 9.8 and 132.4 µg m-3, respectively. In area samples, the concentrations of the same CC were between 20.4 and 160.2 µg m-3, 118.6 and 283.6 µg m-3, 327.5 and 643.6 µg m-3, 69.9 and 162.9 µg m-3, and 100.0 and 176.1 µg m-3. These results indicated that charcoal workers were exposed to formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and furfural concentrations that exceed the limit values suggested by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - NIOSH and the Health Based Exposure Levels Committee - HBELC. These were the first results of CC concentrations in workplace air and in breathing zone of charcoal workers reported in the scientific literature up to this mome
16

Návrh krbové vložky / Proposal for a stove fire

Štelcl, Otakar January 2010 (has links)
Abstract The diploma thesis is divided into five main parts. First part deals with wood as a firing in term of its composition, emissions of carbon dioxide and its properties. The second part describes the calculation of a stove fire, especially stoichiometry of firing, temperature of uncooled flame and area of combustion chamber. The third part focuses on the proposal for a stove fire in connection with comparative criteria of the fireplace, shape of the combustion chamber and the tertiary air jet. The fifth part describes a manufacturing of the stove fire in the work-room at VUT Brno. The major part of the diploma work pays attention to the measuring of stove fire parameters for the effectivity calculation, measuring section of combustion gas and measurement evaluation with stove fire constructional modifications

Page generated in 0.1622 seconds