Mémoire (M.E.S.R.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1999. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

A study in economic geography, this thesis attempts to determine the importance of water for process supply and effluent disposal in industrial location decisions. It is postulated that industry faces physical, institutional, and technologic-economic constraints when evaluating the water component in location problems. Each of these three constraints is analyzed and evaluated for British Columbia's pulp and paper industry, with a view to discovering its effect on the range of spatial choice enjoyed by firms. A number of general conclusions emerge from the investigation. Although a theoretic location proof is not offered, the study raises a number of arguments which indicate water has been over-emphasized in industrial location decisions, and that industry exhibits greater spatial mobility regarding water requirements than is contended in the geographical and technical literature. Of the three constraints, it appears that those of a technologic-economic nature impose the severest limitations on spatial choice; physical, the least. Institutional regulations are found to provide industry with incorrect signals for decision making — the suggestion is offered that effluent control programs based upon economic rather than biological criteria would remove this problem. The implications of the above conclusions for future geographic inquiry regarding water management and development is considered in the concluding section of the study. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

Andhra Pradesh is one of the seventeen states of India, occupying about 8.5 per cent of the total geographical area of the nation and supporting the same percentage of population and forests. The per capita consumption of paper and paper products in India was 1.5 kg in 1965 and was planned to be raised to 7.0 kg by the end of the sixth five-year plan (1980-81). The expected growth of the pulp and paper industry appears to be much less than the probable future demand will be. This industry has grown slowly because of inadequate profit margins and lack of an assured supply of raw material. Although bamboo is the conventional raw material used for making writing paper in India, it is possible to produce a satisfactory grade of writing paper with a 20:80 mixture of bamboo and hard wood pulp. The provincial government (through its Forest Department) should attract capital and stimulate growth in the pulp and paper industry by offering incentives such as long leases on bamboo forests and tax concessions for improved utilization of land and raw material. The Forest Department also should initiate large scale bamboo plantations to bridge the widening gap between supply and demand. All the budget allotment towards plantations of quick growing species would have to be devoted to bamboo plantations to achieve the provincial targets of the fifth five-year plan in the state of Andhra Pradesh. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

No description available.

Responses of phytoplankton productivity in the Red River to unbleached pulp and paper mill wastewaters were monitored using in situ ^14C incubation. Preoperational studies, conducted prior to the discharge of mill wastewaters varied seasonally, but revealed similar productivity trends when compared with postoperational studies, conducted after mill discharges began entering the Red River. Carbon assimilation rates measured downstream of mill discharge were generally greater than upstream levels in both preoperational and postoperational studies. Selected physical, chemical, and biological parameters varied seasonally, but showed similar upstream-downstream values and preoperational-postoperational values. Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD_5) were positively correlated with postoperational productivity rates. Apparent color was negatively correlated with productivity rates.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008- Marcia da Silva Pedreira.pdf: 4243420 bytes, checksum: 2e2cd88befc9f0c49f34f0b8d43a0b8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-21 / This thesis aims to examine and interpret the process of competitive insertion and of socioeconomic transformation in the Extreme South of Bahia, Brazil, correlating it to the dynamics of regional development. Such process has taken place due to the expansion of the forest industry, led by great companies of the pulp and paper segment. Theoretical contributions which allow the understanding of the factors that affected regional integration, of the nature of the recent changes and of their relationship with the pattern of regional development have been established. In consonance with the theoretical and analytical references used, the study revealed that the integration of the Extreme South of Bahia, from the competitive exploration of its local resources for wood production (eucalyptus) and cellulose, constitutes an important example of the global production expansion movement - determined by the patterns and strategies of segmental and business competition. Besides the region s advantages, it was also clear that the action of the State based on approaches which associate development to progress, to spatial polarization of economic activities and competitive integration - played a major role in the redefinition of the development pattern and of regional insertion. The empirical analysis was based on data collection and on the systematization of data as well as of quantitative and qualitative information. It showed that the establishment and expansion of forest activities and of cellulose and paper production, on the one hand internalized flows of the global production cycle, and on the other hand, caused a set of transformations in the and social and productive structures in the region. This was expressed by several aspects, such as: i) a higher concentration of land ownership and an increase in business exploration; ii) the de-structuralization of the existing economic and social relationships; iii) the expansion of activities, occupations and lifestyles, predominantly, urban. Nevertheless, economic growth, especially urban, regarded as synonymous to development and modernization, has been of little use to the local society. Such evidences reveal not only the limitations in the spread of the benefits of global economic competitiveness for the local society, but also highlight the need for institutional arrangements and for synergic relationships between the local society and public and private spheres, as fundamental resources for economic and social development. Thus, in accordance with the institutionalist perspective, being competitive is not enough, it is also necessary to create an institutional atmosphere which provides coordination among the actors, enabling the use of local capacities on behalf of the development of such society. / O objetivo da tese ? examinar e interpretar o processo de inser??o competitiva e de transforma??o socioecon?mica da regi?o do Extremo Sul baiano, capitaneado pela expans?o do complexo florestal-celul?sico, correlacionando-os ? din?mica do desenvolvimento regional. Para tanto, foram estabelecidos os aportes te?ricos que permitem a compreens?o dos fatores que condicionaram a integra??o da regi?o, da natureza das mudan?as ocorridas e de sua rela??o com o padr?o de desenvolvimento regional. Em conson?ncia com as refer?ncias te?ricas e anal?ticas trabalhadas, a investiga??o revelou que a integra??o do Extremo Sul baiano, a partir da explora??o competitiva de seus atributos territoriais para produ??o de madeira (eucalipto) e celulose, constitui um exemplo revelador de movimento de expans?o da produ??o global condicionado aos padr?es e ?s estrat?gias da concorr?ncia setorial e empresarial. Evidenciou-se, tamb?m, que, al?m das vantagens competitivas locacionais, a a??o do Estado ancorada em abordagens que associam o desenvolvimento ao progresso, ? polariza??o espacial das atividades econ?micas e ? integra??o competitiva ao mercado exerceu um importante papel na redefini??o do padr?o de desenvolvimento e na inser??o regional. A an?lise emp?rica, com base na coleta e na sistematiza??o de dados e informa??es quantitativas e qualitativas, demonstrou que a implanta??o e a expans?o das atividades florestais e de produ??o de celulose e papel, ao tempo em que internalizaram fixos e fluxos do circuito da produ??o global, provocaram um conjunto de transforma??es na estrutura produtiva e social regional, expressos, entre outros aspectos: i) pela intensifica??o da concentra??o fundi?ria e incremento da explora??o empresarial; ii) pela desestrutura??o das rela??es econ?micos e sociais, tradicionalmente, vigentes; iii) pela expans?o de atividades, ocupa??es e modos de vida, predominantemente, urbanos. Entretanto, a dinamiza??o da economia, em particular a urbana, vista como sin?nimo de desenvolvimento e moderniza??o, tem se mostrado pouco prof?cua para a sociedade local. Tais evid?ncias, al?m de revelar limita??es no transbordamento dos benef?cios da competitividade econ?mica global para a sociedade local, trazem ? luz a necessidade de constru??o de arranjos institucionais e de rela??es de sinergias entre a sociedade local e as esferas p?blicas e privadas, enquanto recursos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento econ?mico e social. Assim, em conformidade com a perspectiva institucionalista, n?o basta ser competitivo: ? preciso criar um ambiente institucional, que proporcione formas de coordena??o entre os atores, capazes de acionar o conjunto das capacidades locais em prol do desenvolvimento da sociedade em foco.

Coliform bacteria have long been used to indicate fecal contamination of food, water, and solid surfaces, and thus the presence of a health hazard. In this study, the in-mill water and external effluent treatment systems of seven typical Canadian pulp and paper mills were shown to support the growth of numerous coliforms, especially Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., and Citrobacter spp . Mill coliforms were shown to be not just simple transients from feedwater or furnish (wood), but to be continuously growing, especially in the primary clarifiers. Therefore, coliforms and fecal coliforms cannot be used as fecal contamination indicators in pulp and paper mill water and effluent treatment systems. / N2-fixing coliform populations were detected in mill water systems and were analyzed using N2-fixation assays and nitrogenase gene (nifH) probing. Both active in situ populations and cultured microbial isolates were tested. Active N2-fixation was demonstrated in six primary clarifiers. Measurement of the numbers and composition of the total culturable bacterial community in a primary clarifier revealed that approximately 50% of all aerobic cells contained nifH , of which >90% were Klebsiella. Coliforms growing on MacConkey agar plates from the primary clarifier were all identified as Klebsiella and 100% of these Klebsiella contained the nifH gene. Preliminary estimates indicate that the amount of N2 fixed per day is substantial in some clarifiers.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Technology: Biological Sciences, M.L. Sultan Technikon, 2002. / The extent of diffusion and surface modification of a purified 23.6 kDa xylanase isolated from Thermomyces lanuginosus on bagasse pulp was evaluated. Polyclonal anti-xylanase antibodies were raised in two rabbits and in conjunction with immunogold labeling and microscopic studies enzyme diffusion and degradation studies were performed. The purity of the xylanase was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blots confirmed the antigen-antibody hybrid on the nitrocellulose membrane. / D

No description available.

Previously, issues concerning the use and conservation of the natural resources were restricted to certain groups of individuals, normally those considered to be scientific experts. However with the emergence of sustainable development and the adoption of its principles therein, there has been increased community concern over environmental quality issues resulting in pressure for transparency in environmental decision-making processes. The result has been a dramatic expansion in the number of organisations at the local, national and global scales committed to environmental improvement. This in turn has let to dramatic changes in the role of the public in decisions relating to natural resource management. Participatory development is now acknowledged as critical in achieving sound environmental management. The initiation of community-based environmental decision-making has led to the formation of new and interesting partnerships. Environmentalists, communities, policy makers and business people have begun to work together in an attempt to find consensus concernIng environmental problems and related socio-economic inequalities. This has resulted in the development of new ways of integrating local and scientific knowledge systems. This thesis illustrates community-based environmental decision-making in the management of the use of the south coast of Durban. It outlines a partnership, through the formation of the Permit Advisory Panel (PAP), comprising industry (Sappi Saiccor), government, through its Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, environmental organisations, and the local people in the monitoring of the impacts of effluent produced by the industry and disposed of into the sea. The aim of this thesis is to develop an alternative methodology that will be acceptable to all stakeholders, for the collection and analysis of data in the monitoring of the Sappi Saiccor effluent. This was achieved through the following objectives: to develop a methodology for the collection and analysis of data, to assess the performance of the new pipeline in terms of reduced aesthetic impacts of the effluent, to assess the role of local knowledge in the monitoring process, and finally to assess the role of this study in the functioning of the PAP. This thesis attempts to integrate qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The subjective local data collected by the divers is analysed using statistical methods to assess the impacts of the effluent on marine water quality and the effect the new pipeline has had in reducing these impacts. Qualitative surveys such as questionnaires and interviews were administered to assess the role of local knowledge in the monitoring process and also to assess the role this study has had in the functioning of the PAP. The statistical analysis did not reveal any major improvement in underwater visibility since the pipeline was extended. There is a 6% and 4% improvement in the number of effluent days and visibility respectively. This however is due to some limitations inherent in the data collection process, and as a result the improvement brought about by the pipeline extension has been toned down. An effluent and visibility index is therefore recommended as an alternative method of data collection and analysis to reduce the level of inaccuracy. The role of local knowledge is perceived by many of the PAP members as vital in the monitoring process. This study was therefore thought of as an important step in validating this local knowledge such that it can be a reliable data source to be used in the monitoring process. It also played an important role in resolving the conflict between the PAP members. It is therefore recommended that the divers data should be continually used in the monitoring process, though the divers have to be more actively involved. The PAP is therefore tasked with liasing with the community members, especially the divers such that they can assume a more active and responsible role within the PAP. They should be involved in the development of the methods of data collection and analysis. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.