Speech perception, articulation, and word learning are three major tiers of language development in young children, integrating perceptual and productive language abilities. Infant speech perception precedes speech production and is the basis for native language learning. By investigating the relationship between the attention to phonological detail in speech and word learning, the degree of phonological detail in the lexical representations can be inferred. This relationship can be described by two models: the vocabulary-driven and phonology-driven model. The vocabulary-driven model proposes that the structure of the lexicon influences attention to phonological detail in speech perception, and this model is consistent with the Lexical Restructuring Model. On the other hand the phonology-driven model proposes that vocabulary increases as a result of increased attention to phonological detail in speech. To infer the phonological specifications of lexical representations of words in 2½- to 3-year-olds, the variables vocabulary, phonological sensitivity, language specific speech perception and articulation accuracy were tested in a longitudinal study with 60 participants. For these variables, new measures were developed, adapted, and tested. It was found that phonological sensitivity at 30 months predicted vocabulary at 33 months, but not the opposite. This supports the prediction of the phonology-driven model. However, in an augmented version of the vocabulary-driven model that included all variables, articulation at 30 months was found to predict phonological sensitivity at 33 months. These results are discussed in the light of the Lexical Restructuring Model, and the interaction of speech perception, articulation skills, and lexical representations, and suggestions for future research are offered. APPENDICES ON CD-ROM CAN BE VIEWED AT UWS LIBRARY / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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This is a study of the substantival medical terminology of Aulus Cornelius Celsus (early 1st c.) and Cassius Felix (mid 5th c.), in the fields of Anatomy and Physiology; Pathology; and Therapeutics. Two broad questions are considered: (1) What were the possible and the preferred means of extending the Latin vocabulary in these technical areas in the first and the fifth century A.D.? (2) May any linguistic features be identified as proper or peculiar to Latin medical - or, more generally, technical - terminology? Chapter 1 presents a general characterisation, based on examples of medical language, of modern technical terminology. Certain features of the structure and composition of the modern terminology are observed also in our Latin authors, especially in Cassius Felix. Chapters 2-5 focus each on one linguistic means of term-formation in Celsus and Cassius Felix. These are (Ch.2:) the use of Greek medical terms within the Latin terminology; (Ch.3:) the use of semantic extension, that is the deployment of established Latin words with new, medical reference (sutura 'stitching' → 'cranial suture'); (Ch.4:) the minimal use of compounding (dentifricium 'tooth-rub'), and the use as single terminological units of lexicalised Noun Phrases, Noun + Adjective (ignis sacer a type of skin-disease) or Noun + Genitive (difficultas urinae 'dysury'), here called "Phrasal Terms"; (Ch.5:) the favouring of certain suffixes in deriving Nouns (and some Adjectives) and the striking correlation between suffix and the lexical-semantic field of the derivative (-or and clinical signs and symptoms: dolor, rubor). Chapter 6 presents comparative figures for the two authors and a general working hypothesis that emerges: namely that divergences between Cassius Felix and Celsus may be interpreted as symptoms of the development of a Latin technical medical terminology (notably the integration of Greek and Latin terminology; reduction in the use of non-metaphorical polysemy; increased use of Phrasal Terms in fixed word order; extended use of suffixation to signal the semantic organisation of the terminology and, additionally, to form nominalisations as part of the development of a heavily-nominal style). A programme is adumbrated for testing this hypothesis. Volume II contains brief historical introductions to Celsus and Cassius Felix, the authors and their works; a Glossary of their medical terminology in three parts (ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; THERAPEUTICS); and full word indexes to both authors listed on microfiche.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-28Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:06:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000806326.pdf: 3400776 bytes, checksum: 5668be8516775369e3330e4de697039b (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Essa dissertação apresenta um estudo do léxico sobre os nomes para as aves em Juruna (família Juruna, tronco tupi), a partir da coleta de dados em campo e pesquisa participativa de base etnográfica, com vistas à aplicação em um estudo lexicográfico, que prevê a elaboração de um dicionário juruna-português. Apresentamos uma discussão sobre os nomes em Juruna, com destaque para os nomes para partes do corpo das aves e os vocativos de criação. Discutimos também o processo de formação de palavras relacionadas às aves em Juruna, analisando a formação de nomes compostos e o marcador de posse maka, que mais do que um constituinte dos compostos genitivos indica uma relação de significado amplo entre os Juruna e os animais. Por fim, discutimos o sistema de classificação etnobiológica e os processos de categorização dos Juruna em relação à avifauna, destacando a importância da cosmologia e das relações cotidianas entre as pessoas e as aves para a compreensão do seu sistema classificatório / This work presents a study of the lexicon of bird names in Juruna (Juruna family, Tupi branch) aiming a lexicographic application, the production of a Juruna-Portuguese dictionary. The data presented here were collected from fieldwork and participative ethnographic work. We present a discussion about the nouns in Juruna, mainly the names of parts of the body of birds and pet vocatives. We also discuss the process of word formation in the lexicon of words concerning birds in Juruna, analyzing the formation of compound nouns and the marker of possession maka, which rather indicates a relation of broad significance between human beings and animals than just constitutes genitive compounds. Finally, we discuss the Juruna ethnobiological system of classification and the Juruna’s processes of categorization concerning the avifauna, highlighting the significance of cosmology and daily relations between people and birds in order to understand that classificatory system / FAPESP: 10/13623-8

Submitted in fulfillment for the Degree Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2004. / Isahluko sokuqala siphethe isethuIo socwaningo-jikeIeIe. Lapha kubukwa izinhIoso zocwaningo; intshisekeIo; indIeIa yokuqhuba ucwaningo, umkIamo wocwaningo nemibono yongoti. Isahluko sesibiIi siphethe ukuqhathaniswa kohIeIo oIwakbeIwe phezu kwegama nesiqu; ukuthi IufundeIwani uhIeIo IoIimi; isayensi yohIeIo IoIimi; umsuka wohIeIo Iolimi; ukubunjwa kohIeIo IoIimi esiZuIwini; umahluko phakathi kwesiqu nomsuka; ukuchazwa kabusha kwamatemu 'isiqu nomsuka'; umsuka nomphumeIa wawo; imofoIoji encike kwiziqu namagama; imofoIoji esuseIwe eziqwini zoIimi nokuthi ikuphi okuyikonakona phakathi kwemofoIoji esuseIwa emabizweni noma eziqwini. Isahluko sesithathu siphethe ukubhalwa kwamagama ngokuwahlanganisa noma ngokuwahlukanisa okuqukethe ukuthi ingabe ahlanganiseIwani futhi ahIukaniseIwani amagama uma ebhaIwa; indIeIa yokuhIukanisa amagama, indIeIa engapheIeIe yokuhIukanisa amagama; okubekwe endaweni yokunye; ingabe abaIetha inkoIo kubantu bawahIukanis~ kanjani amabizo; ukuhIukaniswa kwamagama ngokuka van Wyk; ukuhIukanisa kube kodwa;" okunokuphambaniswa ukwahlukanisa; okunokubuyiseIwa endaweni; ukubunjwa kobhalo-jikeIeIe egameni eIiIodwa nesiphetho. Isahluko sesme siphethe ukuhIeIwa kwamabizo ngezigaba zawo okuqukethe Iezi zihIokwana ezithi ingabe amabizo ahleIeIwani ngezigaba zawo; izigaba zamabizo; ubuthakathaka ngezindIeIa uDoke noCoIe abahleIa ngazo izigaba zamabizo; ukuhIeIwa kwamabizo ngezigaba z awo ngokukaDoke; ukugxekwa k wendIeIa uDoke ahleIa ngayo izingcezu zenkuIumo. IsahIuko sesihIanu siphethe ukuhIeIwa kwamabizo nezingcezu zenkuIumo ngendIeIa kavan Wyk okuqukethe Iezi zihIokwana ezithi izingcezu zenkuIumo ngokukavan Wyk; (v) okulandelayo kutshengisa isigabazwana; ukublelwa kweziphawulo, izibaluli, maru nezibanjalo ngohlelo luka van Wyk. Isahluko sesithupha siphethe lokho okuthiwa isiphawulo esiZulwini; umIando omfuphi ngokuthiwa isiphawulo; ubuthaka balokhu okuthiwa" isiphawulo; indlela engandulelwa ukubhekana nobuthakathaka nalokho okuthiwa isiphawulo nesiphetho. Isahluko sesikhombisa esibhekene nokuhlaziywa kocwaningo jikelele, lzincomo nesiphetho.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, 2001. / Word-formation has received very little attention in isiZulu in the past. This situation has been caused by the approach of word analysis which was pioneered by grammarians like Doke (1956), Nyembezi (1965) and others that followed in their steps. The main aim of this study is therefore to put word-formation into its rightful place in isiZulu grammar, that is at the centre of every morphological application. Word-formation and word-formation rules should form the basis for every grammatical practice of every language. Although word-formation is as old as the languages themselves, it is noticeable that there are no methods or approaches that has been agreed upon in any language. This implies that this study also attempts to develop the theoretical framework for word-formation in isiZulu since most studies done on word-formation are on English which is different from isiZulu. It therefore attempts to deal with processes that are vital in word-formation in isiZulu. It includes the processes like : affixation, grammaticalization, compounding, reduplication, word coinage as well as borrowing. This means that it covers both the morphological and lexical processes. IsiZulu is one of the most flexible and ever developing languages and through contact with other languages like English, Afrikaans and other African languages, isiZulu has proved to be developing rapidly. This phenomenon has led to the researcher undertaking the study of this nature. This study will form the basis for linguistically approach to the study of isiZulu. A close look is put on topics like word coinage, word borrowing, compounding, grammaticalization and affixation. Various conclusions and recommendations are drawn in an attempt to lead the way to rechanneling the focus of studies in isiZulu grammar. This study shows that isiZulu is not as backward and short of appropriate vocabulary as it is perceived to be. The shortage of words is remedied by processes like word borrowing, word coinage and extension of meaning in existing terms. On that note, isiZulu is at par with other languages of the world and this study says it.

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Lexicalists assume that words with derivational morphology and compound words are not formed by syntactic transformation (Selkirk, 1982). The Lexicalist Hypothesis implies that the principles of universal grammar are not operative to word formation. / This thesis argues that a word is composed of lexical constituents and post-lexical constituents, and that the post-lexical constituents can incorporate into a verb, to form the complex predicate. This formational process is subject to syntactic constraints and principles. Therefore, I claim that the principles of universal grammar are also operative to word formation. This hypothesis will throw a new light upon the area of language acquisition of complex predicates.

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