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RÉSUMÉ Les joueuses de hockey professionnelles au Canada ne sont pas intégrées dans un circuit professionnel conférant les statuts, privilèges et protections similaires à leurs homologues masculins évoluant dans la Ligue nationale de hockey. Malgré que ces joueuses dédient une quantité énorme de temps et de ressources à leur emploi de hockeyeuse, il demeure un emploi d’appoint faiblement rémunéré, sans possibilité de filet social et comptant une multitude de facteurs propices à l’émergence d’atteintes à la santé physique et mentale. Ceci pose des enjeux importants pour ces femmes en termes d’interface entre leur emploi principal, leur emploi de hockeyeuse et leur vie personnelle. En adoptant une approche écologique dans l’analyse de ce phénomène, ce mémoire vise à comprendre comment les joueuses professionnelles de hockey se représentent leur interface travail-vie personnelle (ITVP) en marge des atteintes potentielles à la santé mentale et physique connues dans le sport professionnel. Partant de l’analyse de contenu de dix entrevues semi-dirigées menées en 2022, nos résultats montrent que l’ITVP des joueuses s’avère essentiellement conflictuelle puisqu’elles ne sont pas munies des ressources nécessaires pour répondre aux demandes environnementales (p. ex. : nécessité d’avoir un emploi principal, manque de financement, etc.), sont soumises à plusieurs facteurs de risque organisationnels (p. ex. : salaires insuffisants, installations sportives inadéquates, etc.) et qu’elles n’évoluent pas nécessairement dans un environnement qui les protège de ces risques. Cependant, des facteurs de protection importants atténuent aussi cette relation conflictuelle pour les joueuses (p. ex. : « l’effet de la chambre de hockey », motivation accrue, etc.). L’approche qualitative mise de l’avant permet de brosser un portrait encore inédit de la réalité de ces joueuses à l’égard de leur interface travail-vie personnelle. Cette recherche contribue à l’avancement des connaissances chez ces travailleuses au statut particulier notamment par l’identification des antécédents à leur ITVP, tant dans son expression conflictuelle que d’enrichissement, le tout en précisant leurs fonctions respectives (stresseurs ou ressources). / ABSTRACT Professional women hockey players are not integrated into a professional circuit that provides similar status, privileges and protections as their male counterparts in the National Hockey League. Although these players dedicate an enormous amount of time and resources to their job as professional hockey players, it remains an underpaid side job with no social safety net and they encounter a multitude of risk factors that contribute to the emergence of physical and mental health issues. This poses a significant challenge for these women in terms of the interface between their main job, their professional hockey career and their personal life. Using the ecological approach in the analysis of this phenomenon, this thesis aims to understand how professional women hockey players experience their work-life interface (WLI) with regards to the potential mental and physical health problems known in professional sport. Based on the content analysis from ten semi-structured interviews conducted in 2022, our study shows that women hockey players' interface is mostly conflictual. This primarily due to the lack of resources they possess to meet environmental demands (e.g., need to have a primary job, lack of funding, etc.), multiple organizational risk factors (e.g., insufficient salaries, inadequate sports facilities, etc.), and they do not operate in an environment that protects them from these risks. However, we note that there are protective factors that mitigate the conflictual dyad for the players (e.g., the "the locker room effect", increased motivation, etc.). The qualitative approach used in this study provides an unprecedented picture of the reality of these players with respect to their work-life interface. This research contributes to the advancement of knowledge about these workers with a special status, in particular by identifying the antecedents of the players' WLI and by the fact that we were able to specify the function (stressors or resources) of the antecedents identified.

As mental health care increasingly embraces recovery principles, the role of peer support workers (PSWs) has gained recognition. The work that mental health PSWs do became particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic, when increased needs for mental health care became apparent but were often unmet. This article-based doctoral thesis adopts an interdisciplinary perspective that combines research on management and organization with research on health care and systems. The thesis examines the mental health peer support role and its integration within teams, organizations and health systems. It also considers the peer support role as it was enacted in a virtual space, which became a requirement due to pandemic work-from-home mandates. Within the context of the virtual space, PSWs confronted work-life boundaries that they had to navigate as they enacted their work roles. The virtual space also presented technological and social challenges to and opportunities for peer support, which are examined in this thesis from the points of views of PSWs and peers. Overall, this thesis attends to the PSW role more generally, and to peer support work in the specific context of a virtual environment. The thesis is composed of three studies, the second and third of which had to be adapted to the unexpected challenges and opportunities posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 1 (presented in Chapter 2) is a narrative review that synthesizes the literature on factors influencing formal PSW role implementation in mental health systems. The findings are synthesized in a multilevel framework consisting of macro, meso and micro level influences. The analysis reveals that macro-level influences on PSW role implementation include socio-cultural, regulatory, political and economic factors, most of which act as obstacles. At the meso level, organizational culture, leadership, and human resource management policies play a significant role. Micro-level influences center around PSWs' relationships with team members. Interlevel interactions are also discussed. This study is co-authored with Professor Samia Chreim and was published in Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services in February 2022. For Studies 2 and 3, qualitative data were collected from members of a peer support organization situated in Ottawa. This organization is a publicly funded, not-for-profit organization that provides services free of charge to people experiencing mental health and addictions challenges. Due to the pandemic, all services and operations of this organization transitioned to remote services involving virtual platforms. Study 2 (presented in Chapter 3) is a qualitative case study that delves into the work-life boundary challenges and management of PSWs who were providing virtual mental health support during the pandemic. The study identifies temporal, physical, and task-related boundary challenges in work-life domains. Strategies employed by PSWs to manage these boundaries include segmenting and integrating work and personal domains. The study highlights the importance of self-care and the need for training on work-life boundary management for mental health workers. This research is co-authored with Professor Samia Chreim and is published in BMC Public Health. Study 3 (presented in Chapter 4) focuses on the transition from in-person to virtual mental health peer support services. Through semi-structured interviews with PSWs and service users (or peers), the research examines how technological factors act as bridges and boundaries to mental health peer support services, and whether and how a sense of community can be built or maintained among PSWs and peers in a virtual space when connections are mediated by technology. The findings highlight the mental health peer support needs that were (un)met through virtual services, the technology-based boundaries that were manifested and the steps taken to remove some of these boundaries, and the strategies employed by the organization and its members to establish and maintain a sense of community in a virtual environment marked by physical distancing and technology-mediated interrelations. The manuscript pertaining to this study is co-authored with Professor Samia Chreim and will be submitted soon to an academic journal. Overall, this thesis presents a unique and multi-faceted exploration of the implementation of peer support worker roles in mental health systems and their adaptation to virtual environments. It makes a number of contributions. The multilevel framework developed in Study 1 not only advances knowledge in the field but also offers a structured approach for policymakers and organizations to enhance the formal incorporation of PSW roles into mental health systems. Study 2 provides valuable insights into the nature of work-life boundaries in a virtual space, an important topic at a time when peer support workers and organizations are considering whether and how to maintain some form of virtual work post-pandemic. Study 3 adds to knowledge by highlighting the significance of virtual peer support beyond pandemic conditions. It also enhances understanding of the need for technological adaptation in mental health services and for community building regardless of the model of service. Limitations and implications for research, practice and policy are addressed.

Text in English / The purpose of this study was to explore the work-life balance experiences of female engineers as they progress through various career life stages. Research has demon-strated that female engineers experience unique challenges as a result of gendered norms within male-dominated occupations, with changing life-roles, needs and ex-pectations across the various career life stages, impacting how they negotiate and perceive work-life balance. A qualitative research approach was followed using a her-meneutic phenomenology paradigm that employed a multiple case study approach consisting of semi-structured interviews with nine female engineers across three career life stages. The findings of the study confirmed current research into work-life balance, highlighting that work-life balance needs and expectations are different across the lifespan and are particularly affected by the changing nature of the work role within the lives of female engineers. Companies should consider changing their organisational culture to acknowledge the needs of female engineers in both family and work domains. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)