In recent years the rapid domestic and foreign environmental change puts a little more pressure on workers of each industry. Moreover, the industry relocation leads to the increase of the unemployment rate. People suffering from depression dramatically increase when facing pressure and uncertainty. Parker (1983) pointed out that high job stress of employee cause uncomfortable feeling and lower satisfaction. Job stress which is a common phenomenon in the general enterprise organization influences not only the employee¡¦s commitment, satisfaction, and the physiological problems but also the organizational productivity. Job stress cause huge negative effect impact on the employee, organization, and society (Tseng, Li-chuan¡A2008). From the prospect of the organizational theory, under the influence of environmental change, environmental change will change the structure, policy of enterprise, or behaviors, and attitudes of people to improve the organization performance. Therefore, it is worthy to explore the correlations between the job stress and job satisfaction generated by the environmental change. This research was conducted based on the individual samples taken from media news workers. In addition to the relevant literature reviews, we designed questionnaire according to the assessment tool. Data were collected to conduct statistical analysis. We aim to explore the relationship among environmental change and job stress, and job satisfaction. This research structure contains three parts. The environmental change is independent variable, job stress is intervening variable, and job satisfaction is dependent variable. The structural relationship is that environmental change influence job stress while job stress and job satisfaction vary from personal attributes to personal attributes. We expect to understand the characteristics of news workers¡¦ job stress and job satisfaction generated by the environmental change according to the finding of this research and to offer as the reference for further studies and decision makers. Our findings include: positive perception of job stress of media news workers show significant effect on job satisfaction, working environment satisfaction, administrative leadership satisfaction, and the entire job satisfaction. It indicated that perception of job satisfaction of employee showed negative correlations with working environment satisfaction, job satisfaction, administrative leadership satisfaction, and the entire job satisfaction; we found difference between the extent of perception of environmental change and job satisfaction but no significant difference between it and job stress.

The workplace is considered a strategic location for health promotion. According to the Texas Workforce Commission, office workers represent up to 40% of the workforce in Texas and the general nature of the type of work is sedentary. Additional study is needed on how the built environment near the worksite area impacts walking behaviors and to determine interventions effective in increasing walking as part of daily routines among office workers. The two aims of this dissertation were: 1) investigate the differences that urban and suburban settings may have on walking behavior (walk trips, walk duration, total step count) of office workers in Texas and 2) to examine the impact of a simple intervention in increasing walking within the respective land use settings. This study utilized on-line survey and travel diary, pedometer, and Geographic Information System to capture the study variables, which included personal, social and cultural, organizational, and built environmental factors. Results showed that urban office workers walk, on average, 600 steps more per day than the suburban office workers. Office workers in both land use settings on average have not met the recommended level of walking steps per day of 10,000 steps per day (Urban Mean=4,932 steps per day, Suburban Mean=4,347 steps per day). Post-intervention step count averaged 5,734 steps per day for urban office workers in contrast to 4,257 steps per day for suburban office workers. This translated to a 16% increase and 2% decrease in walking steps for urban and suburban office workers, respectively. The built environment in terms of land use setting, urban versus suburban, and availability of land use destinations showed associations with walking behavior for office workers. Destinations positively associated with the number of walking trips, including access to bookstores and coffee shops. Access to convenience stores and food establishments for suburban office workers were more relevant for walking duration. Significant destinations for the urban office workers' walking duration per week included the number of banks and food establishments within one fourth mile from their office building. The results for the second aim, testing the tailored information intervention, were informative, though not significant. The intervention did not yield a significant change in walking step count, but provided insight on opportunities for future studies.

The purpose of this study is to determine how nonroutine acts performed by iii trained emergency workers developed into routine emergency acts and skills. I will be specifically looking for concepts that are common throughout the different types of emergency workers that will be interviewed. The data is gathered from focus groups that were recruited from classes on campus. In particular the results depict some very common techniques used in training that allowed the workers to feel confident about their role in emergencies. These tended to include repetition of "classroom training, "but more importantly from the viewpoint of the workers, repetition of simulated emergencies. The development of autonomy in decision making was an important facet for workers whose work "territory" was varied; however, autonomy was rarely stressed for those in relatively constant surroundings such as pools. Several commonalities were found throughout each field. These included interruptions, self-efficacy, the use of judgment and tacit knowledge. Many of the participants also expressed the same sentiment towards their feelings of the training and its efficiency. Some research will also show attempts to change policy and training within emergency workers in order to improve job performance and enhance the safety of the public as well. I will include a small statistical appendix that looks at the satisfaction level of evacuees who fled to Houston, Texas when Hurricane Katrina hit. Five specific factors were examined and regressed to determine satisfaction levels. Only two factors showed any type of significance. As the discussion will indicate, certain previous factors, before the hurricane hit, are believed to be the cause of these particular results.

Abstract Peter Drucker (1999), a management master, points out that in the organizations of the 21st century, the most valuable assets of an organization are knowledge workers and the productivity of knowledge workers. Koch (1998) points out that exerting ¡§80/20 Principle¡¨ to find out core customers, investing resource and service on those rare mass-customers who can create most profits, and cultivating the relationship of long-term strategies are the effective ways to increase profits instead of continuously looking for new customers. Telecom industry plays a very important role in the development of Taiwan economy. It is really a crucial issue for this case corporation to focus on how to keep mass-customers in the competitive environment. The cost strengths of customer loyalty come from the factors of men and the outcomes of the long-term mutual interaction between customers and employees. The input of outstanding human resource is the main indicator deciding whether an enterprise possesses competitive strengths or not. The employees serving enterprise customers are the front-line representatives of this case corporation approaching enterprise customers. Outwardly, these employees represent their company, and it goes without saying that the quality and work performance of the employees are very important to the enterprise. The subject of the research is the present knowledge workers serving in the department of enterprise customers in this case corporation. Through the theories and concepts of literature review, the research uses individual attributes and knowledge workers¡¦ management strategies as the independent variables and core competencies as the intermediary variables to explore the relationship among individual attributes, knowledge workers¡¦ management strategies, core competencies and work performance. Among the totally mailed 603 questionnaires, there are 412 effective and available, and the effective return rate of questionnaires is 68.33%. After factor analysis, credibility analysis, variance analysis, correlation analysis and multi-regression analysis, here is the result of the research: 1. There is a positive significance among the research variables of the knowledge workers¡¦ management strategies, the degree of the possession of core competencies and work performance. 2. There is a positive significance between the knowledge workers¡¦ management strategies and the degree of the possession of core competencies: for example, ¡§team encouragement¡¨ has the positive effect on ¡§interpersonal competency,¡¨ ¡§attitude competency,¡¨ and ¡§profession competency,¡¨ and ¡§company learning commitment¡¨ has the effect on ¡§profession competency.¡¨ 3. There is a positive significance between the degree of the possession of core competencies and work performance: for example, ¡§interpersonal competency¡¨ and ¡§profession competency¡¨ significantly have the positive effect on ¡§task performance,¡¨ and ¡§interpersonal competency,¡¨ ¡§attitude competency¡¨ and ¡§profession competency¡¨ all significantly have the positive effect on ¡§contextual performance.¡¨ 4. There is a positive significance between the knowledge workers¡¦ management strategies and work performance: for example, ¡§knowledge leadership¡¨ and ¡§company learning commitment¡¨ significantly have the positive effect on ¡§task performance,¡¨ and ¡§knowledge leadership¡¨ and ¡§team encouragement¡¨ significantly have the positive effect on ¡§contextual performance.¡¨ 5. The knowledge workers¡¦ management strategies have an influence on work performance through the intermediary variables, core competencies: for example, ¡§company learning commitment¡¨ indirectly influences ¡§task performance¡¨ through the intermediary variables ¡§profession competency¡¨ and ¡§team encouragement¡¨ indirectly influence ¡§contextual performance¡¨ through the intermediary variables ¡§interpersonal competency,¡¨ ¡§attitude competency¡¨ and ¡§profession competency.¡¨

In 1989, the Executive Yuan started to downsize the organization of government. But the international economical depression cause jobless in Taiwan, and the government decided to expand the multiple employment promotion project, provide more job vacancy, match the jobless labors and the public service. It is the public service employment expansion program. Public service contract out and atypical employment in business are on the same purpose, the efficiency purpose and the economical purpose, and it's the purpose on the management position. But the public service employment expansion program, observably on labor position, is on the purpose to provide enough job vacancy. And that's the tie. This research observed how the public-service workers works in Center of Disease Control in Kaohsiung City (KCDC). On public service purepose, the program did make it more efficiency in KCDC. But in labor's view, however, the program just provided immediate job vacancy, and nothing more than that.

Analysis of the managing contingent workers at an outsourcing system ¡VA case study of the China Steel Corporation and its subcontractors Abstract Nowadays, employment flexibility and Labor Cost Reduction are highly emphasized in the competitive business environment. As the job design becoming more and more specific and professional, the labor cost becoming higher and higher, companies cannot but change their operation style, and contingent workers have become an important source of competitive advantage. This case study was intended to understand the mutual relationship between China Steel Corporation and its subcontractors: why it uses subcontractors, and how it manages them. This study also explored the benefits and working conditions of contingent workers to find out the potential problems of outsourcing. This study has the following preliminary findings. First, Two factors are important determinants on outsourcing decisions: Strategically, the goal is to reduce labor cost and enhance the employment flexibility. Technically, the demand of professional skills, rudimentary skills and special facilities can be satisfied through outsourcing. Second, the relation between China Steel Corporation and its subcontractors has changed after its privatization. According to China Steel Corporation, their interaction has become better because of the flexibility gained after privatization (for example, the budget is no longer controlled by legislative yuan.) But from the subcontractors¡¦ point of view, their interaction has become more difficult because the elimination of their profit and increasing constraints on outsourcing projects. Third, the employees of China Steel Corporation enjoy better wages, benefits, working conditions and training opportunities than employees of subcontractors. Fourth, among the two kinds of employees of subcontractors¡Xpermanent and temporary¡X permanent employees have better wages than temporary ones. As for training, there is not much difference. Fifth, safety is the most serious problem on contingent workers management. The reasons include highly dangerous work environment, workers¡¦ unfamiliarity with the environment, and being recklessness about the work environment rules. One other important management issue for China Steel Corporation is that outsourcing does not necessarily reduce labor cost. High turnover rate among contingent workers and low quality resulting from insufficient skills are combined together to increase the labor cost of China Steel Corporation on supervision, coordination, and quality control. Key words: human resource management, contingent working arrangement, outsourcing, subcontractor, temporary workers.

The Study of Atypical Employment¡¦s Job Satisfaction ¡XThe Case of Contracted Workers Abstract ¡§Atypical employment¡¨ has grown in popularity in Taiwan over the last few years as employers strive to meet short-term workforce demands while maintaining flexibility, and minimizing costs. However, contracted workers still earn lower wages than formal employees, and because they are considered to be the ¡§disposable workforce,¡¨ employers tend to pay little attention to contracted workers¡¦ job satisfaction. The results of this study were as follows: in spite of low wages, contracted workers¡¦ job satisfaction was still above minimum levels. Older, lower educated, and voluntary contracted workers showed higher satisfaction levels than other contracted workers. Also, role behaviors were significantly predicted by job satisfaction. When satisfaction was higher, contracted workers demonstrated better in-role extra-role behavior. Last, financial compensation did not significantly influence job satisfaction. Recommendations of this study include increasing contracted workers¡¦ job satisfaction and motivation by treating them more like formal employees, providing a comfortable and safe working environment, and offering opportunities to become permanent organization members. Key Words¡GAtypical Employment, Contracted Workers, Job Satisfaction, Role Behavior.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 259-275). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 581-604). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M. Soc. Diligentiae)--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-178).