This thesis is concerned with British policy in relation to General Edmund Allenby's command of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (E.E.F.) from June 1917 to November 1919. This thesis divides into two parts: until October 1918 the Palestine campaign of the E.E.F. is evaluated in terms of its position within wider British war strategy, and in particular it is shown how the campaign did very little to help Britain's efforts to defeat the Central powers during the First World War; with the armistice in October 1918 the focus is on the politfcal and imperial aspects of the battlefield victories by Allenby which resulted in the occupation by the E.E.F. of Palestine and Syria. These non-military concerns come to the fore in the post-war peace settlements, and it is shown how the usefulness of the Palestine campaign extended beyond the war's end to November 1919 when the E.E.F. withdrew from Syria. This thesis reveals that the Palestine campaign needs to be analysed not just for its contribution to the defeat of the Central powers, but that it had a non-military dimension which centred round the need to provide Britain with negotiating strength at the Paris Peace Conference so as to provide for long-term British imperial security. Allenby's operations to October 1918 are, therefore, examined for more than just their military significance, and in this work a complete analysis of the Palestine campaign is undertaken. This thesis shows how too often the existing literature on the Palestine campaign concentrates either on the purely military aspect, or focuses on the formation of the modern Middle East. What is typically left out is the connection between the two. It is shown that the Palestine campaign was Clausewitzian in that operations were used as a means to further political ends, and that these political concerns influenced the conduct of the campaign. Allenby's central role in these matters means that this thesis comments on his role and position, not just as a militaiy commander, but also in relation to the political and imperial aspects outlined above.

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The purpose of this thesis is to explore in depth the effect which World War I had on the life and early poetry of Robert Graves, primarily by tracing his involvement in the war as revealed directly in his autobiography and by examining his responses to that involvement as revealed indirectly in the two volumes of poetry which he wrote during the war.

The American's battle of St. Mihiel in September 1918 has long been a marginalized battle in an almost forgotten war. In the historiography of American World War I involvement, the battle is relegated to a side-show that was little more than a distraction from the Meuse-Argonne. This stance needs to be re-evaluated as St. Mihiel proved an essential training ground for the US Army. The army rapidly expanded and participated in a major offensive, completed the complicated planning process, undertook a significant deception and intelligence-gathering campaign, and led coalition forces to reduce a salient that existed for years, in only a few short months. While not a perfect operation, the Americans overcame several obstacles to form the US First Army and achieve victory. St. Mihiel is a turning point in military training and doctrine as students studied the tactics after the war into the modern day. The memory of the battle was affixed in the minds of those who fought it and those on the home front who eagerly read the news stories coming from the Western Front. Modern audiences should also recognize the significance of the Battle of St. Mihiel.

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This thesis seeks to examine and analyze British interests in the Iraqi province of Mosul during World War I. The province was significant from many different points of view, diplomatic, strategic, and economic. Most scholars have tended to focus on one of these aspects and neglect the larger picture; this study will attempt to fill in the gap by discussing all of these aspects in their proper context. / text

English composer Gerald Finzi's (1901-1956) early life was plagued by the deaths of close friends and family, and the beginning of the first world war. Before his eighteenth birthday, Finzi lost his three brothers, his father and his beloved composition teacher. To mourn these deaths and perhaps as a reaction to the first world war, Finzi began to compose his Requiem da Camera (op. 3b, 1924). Finzi completed three movements of this four-movement work during his lifetime, and left sketches for the completion of the unfinished third movement. Beginning in 1984, Philip Thomas, with the blessing of the Finzi family and the Finzi Trust, began examining the extant sketches in an attempt to complete the unfinished third movement. Thomas completed and published his edition of the Requiem da Camera in 1992. After a careful examination of this completion, a number of editorial questions were raised. This document was created to address these questions. It sets out historical parameters to provide context for Finzi's original composition, goes on to describe the development of liturgical and non-liturgical requiem composition, and discusses the development of British non-liturgical requiem (and requiem-like) compositions in the twentieth century. Thomas's completed third movement is compared to Finzi's source material. Four major areas of discrepancy are presented and examined to bring the movement closer to Finzi's original compositional intent. The document concludes with a new completion of the third movement. It combines the work of Finzi and Thomas, along with information gleaned in the process of creating this document, the remainder of the original Finzi composition, and other of Finzi's compositions with similar qualities from this era.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the 51st (Highland) division over the course of the First World War. Underpinning the study is an analysis of both change and continuity, at home and overseas, and the performance of the division as a fighting unit. The key themes identified for study have been training, esprit de corps, recruitment and reinforcement, and battle performance. Through the investigation of the key themes, other important characteristics have been analysed, such as command and control, organisation, and the level of centralisation in both the formation and in the wider Army. Key questions in the research apply to both divisional study and to wider academic understanding of the First World War. The thesis considers a number of themes that have been neglected by historians old and new, and brings into sharp focus some areas of research that may have produced inaccurate assumptions. In addition, a substantial range and quantity of primary sources have been utilised, many unexplored until now. The selection of the 51st (Highland) Division for study was based on a number of criteria. (Highland) Division experiences were both unique and not unique. In some areas it was a very individual formation, but in other areas or at particular times of the war it was not.

Immediately after the outbreak of the World War, Great Britain, France and Japan cut the German submarine cables which were situated in the different oceans of the world. The study of the submarine cables during the World War and its aftermath is a complex problem. To understand the post-war negotiations, previous international agreements, treaties and the ownership, operation and financing of the cables must be understood.