Image processing refers to the various operations performed on pictures that are digitally stored as an aggregate of pixels. One can enhance or degrade the quality of an image, artistically transform the image, or even find or recognize objects within the image. This paper is concerned with image processing, but in a very mathematical perspective, involving representation theory. The approach traces back to Cooley and Tukey’s seminal paper on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm (1965). Recently, there has been a resurgence in investigating algebraic generalizations of this original algorithm with respect to different symmetry groups. My approach in the following chapters is as follows. First, I will give necessary tools from representation theory to explain how to generalize the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). Second, I will introduce wreath products and their application to images. Third, I will show some results from applying some elementary filters and compression methods to spectrums of images. Fourth, I will attempt to generalize my method to noncyclic wreath product transforms and apply it to images and three-dimensional geometries.

De Bruijn graphs were originally introduced for finding a superstring representation for all fixed length words of a given finite alphabet. Later they found numerous applications, for instance, in DNA sequencing. Here we study a relationship between de Bruijn graphs and the family of lamplighter groups (a particular class of wreath products). We show how de Bruijn graphs and their generalizations can be presented as Cayley and Schreier graphs of lamplighter groups.

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We define a faithful linear monoidal functor from the partition category, and hence from Deligne's category Rep(S_t), to the additive Karoubi envelope of the Heisenberg category. We show that the induced map on Grothendieck rings is injective and corresponds to the Kronecker coproduct on symmetric functions. We then generalize the above results to any group G, the case where G is the trivial group corresponding to the case mentioned above. Thus, to every group G we associate a linear monoidal category Par(G) that we call a group partition category. We give explicit bases for the morphism spaces and also an efficient presentation of the category in terms of generators and relations. We then define an embedding of Par(G) into the group Heisenberg category associated to G. This embedding intertwines the natural actions of both categories on modules for wreath products of G. Finally, we prove that the additive Karoubi envelope of Par(G) is equivalent to a wreath product interpolating category introduced by Knop, thereby giving a simple concrete description of that category.

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It is known that a Cayley digraph of an abelian group A is isomorphic to a nontrivial wreath product if and only if there is a proper nontrivial subgroup B of A such that the connection set without B is a union of cosets of B in A. We generalize this result to Cayley digraphs of nonabelian groups G by showing that such a digraph is isomorphic to a nontrivial wreath product if and only if there is a proper nontrivial subgroup H of G such that S without H is a union of double cosets of H in G. This result is proven in the more general situation of a double coset digraph (also known as a Sabidussi coset digraph.) We then give applications of this result which include obtaining a graph theoretic definition of double coset digraphs, and determining the relationship between a double coset digraph and its corresponding Cayley digraph. We further expand the result obtained for double coset digraphs to a collection of bipartite graphs called bi-coset graphs and the bipartite equivalent to Cayley graphs called Haar graphs. Instead of considering when this collection of graphs is a wreath product, we consider the more general graph product known as an X-join by showing that a connected bi-coset graph of a group G with respect to some subgroups L and R of G is isomorphic to an X-join of a collection of empty graphs if and only if the connection set is a union of double cosets of some subgroups N containing L and M containing R in G. The automorphism group of such -joins is also found. We also prove that disconnected bi-coset graphs are always isomorphic to a wreath product of an empty graph with a bi-coset graph.

Dans cette thèse on définit et étudie le produit en couronne libre d'un groupe quantique compact par un groupe quantique d'automorphismes, en généralisant la notion de produit en couronne libre par le groupe quantique symétrique introduit par Bichon.Notre recherche est divisée en deux parties. Dans la première, on définit le produit en couronne libre d'un groupe discret par un groupe quantique d'automorphismes. Ensuite, on montre comment décrire les entrelaceurs de ce nouveau objet à l'aide de partitions non-croisées et décorées; à partir de cela et grâce à un résultat de Lemeux, on déduise les représentations irréductibles et les règles de fusion. Ensuite, on prouve des propriétés des algèbres d'opérateurs associées à ce groupe quantique compact, comme la simplicité de la C*-algèbre réduite et la propriété d'Haagerup de l'algèbre de von Neumann.La deuxième partie est une généralisation de la première. D'abord, on définit la notion de produit en couronne libre d'un groupe quantique compact par un groupe quantique d'automorphismes. Après, on généralise la description des espaces des entrelaceurs donnée dans le cas discret et, en adaptant un résultat d'équivalence monoïdale de Lemeux et Tarrago, on trouve les représentations irréductibles et les règles de fusion. Ensuite, on montre des propriétés de stabilité de l'opération de produit en couronne libre. En particulier, on prouve sous quelles conditions deux produits en couronne libres sont monoïdalment équivalents ou ont le semi-anneau de fusion isomorphe. Enfin, on démontre certaines propriétés algébriques et analytiques du groupe quantique duale et des algèbres d'opérateurs associées à un produit en couronne. Comme dernier résultat, on prouve que le produit en couronne de deux groupes quantiques d'automorphismes est isomorphe à un quotient d'un particulier groupe quantique d'automorphismes. / In this thesis, we define and study the free wreath product of a compact quantum group by a quantum automorphism group and, in this way, we generalize the previous notion of free wreath product by the quantum symmetric group introduced by Bichon.Our investigation is divided into two part. In the first, we define the free wreath product of a discrete group by a quantum automorphism group. We show how to describe its intertwiners by making use of decorated noncrossing partitions and from this, thanks to a result of Lemeux, we deduce the irreducible representations and the fusion rules. Then, we prove some properties of the operator algebras associated to this compact quantum group, such as the simplicity of the reduced C*-algebra and the Haagerup property of the von Neumann algebra.The second part is a generalization of the first one. We start by defining the notion of free wreath product of a compact quantum group by a quantum automorphism group. We generalize the description of the spaces of the intertwiners obtained in the discrete case and, by adapting a monoidal equivalence result of Lemeux and Tarrago, we find the irreducible representations and the fusion rules. Then, we prove some stability properties of the free wreath product operation. In particular, we find under which conditions two free wreath products are monoidally equivalent or have isomorphic fusion semirings. We also establish some analytic and algebraic properties of the dual quantum group and of the operator algebras associated to a free wreath product. As a last result, we prove that the free wreath product of two quantum automorphism groups can be seen as the quotient of a suitable quantum automorphism group.

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Na análise global e local de sistemas dinâmicos assumimos, em geral, que as equações estão numa forma normal. Em presença de simetrias, as equações e o domínio do problema são invariantes pelo grupo formado por estas simetrias; neste caso, o campo de vetores é equivariante pela ação deste grupo. Quando, além das simetrias, temos também ocorrência de anti-simetrias - ou reversibilidades - as equações e o domínio do problema são ainda invariantes pelo grupo formado pelo conjunto de todas as simetrias e anti-simetrias; neste caso, o campo de vetores é reversível-equivariante. Existem muitos modelos físicos onde simetrias e anti-simetrias aparecem naturalmente e cujo efeito pode ser estudado de uma forma sistemática através de teoria de representação de grupos de Lie. O primeiro passo deste processo é colocar a aplicação que modela tal sistema numa forma normal e isto é feito com a dedução a priori da forma geral dos campos de vetores. Esta forma geral depende de dois componentes: da base de Hilbert do anel das funções invariantes e dos geradores do módulo das aplicações reversíveis-equivariantes. Neste projeto, nos concentramos principalmente na aplicação de resultados recentes da literatura para a construção de uma lista de formas gerais de aplicações reversíveisequivariantes sob a ação de diferentes grupos. Além disso, adaptamos ferramentas algébricas da literatura existentes no contexto equivariante para o estudo sistemático de acoplamento de células idênticas no contexto reversível-equivariante / In the global and local analysis of dynamical systems, we assume, in general, that the equations are in a normal form. In presence of symmetries, the equations and the problem domain are invariant under the group formed by these symmetries; in that case, the vector field is equivariant by the action of this group. When, in addition to the symmetries, we have the occurrence of anti-symmetries - or reversibility - the equations and the problem domain are still invariant by the group formed by the set of all symmetries and anti-symmetries; in this case, the vector field is reversible-equivariant. There are many physical models where both symmetries and anti-symmetries occur naturally and whose effect can be studied in a systematic way through group representation theory. The first step of this process is to put the mapping that model the system in a normal form, and this is done with the deduction of the general form of the vector field. This general form depends on two components: the Hilbert basis of the invariant function ring and also the generators of the module of the revesible-equivariants. In this work, we mainly focus on the applications of recent results of the literature to build a list of general forms of reversible-equivariant mappings under the action of different groups. We also adapt algebraic tools of the existing literature in the equivariant context to the systematic study of coupling of identical cells in the reversible-equivariant context