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<p><p>Tidigare forskning tyder på att det med relativt stor träffsäkerhet går att förutspå en finansiell kris för ett företag. Finansiell kris har man då definierat som konkurs och använt sig av finansiella nyckeltal för att räkna fram ett specifikt värde som i sig skulle indikera ifall ett bolag stod inför hög, medel eller låg risk för att försättas i konkurs.</p><p>I denna uppsats studeras nio bolag som avnoterats från Stockholmsbörsen på grund av konkurs under åren 1997 till 2008. Detta i syfte att testa om de tidigare vedertagna teorierna kring konkursprediktion även kan appliceras med framgång på bolag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen. Modellen som författarna använt sig av kallas Z-scoremodellen och är en modell innehållande fem viktade finansiella nyckeltal, framtagen av professor Edward I. Altman. Modellen genererar ett så kallat Z-värde som enligt teorin ska indikera ett företags finansiella tillstånd.</p><p>De nio undersökta konkursbolagen har i studien jämförts med åtta bolag (i studien kallade kontrollbolag) som under det senaste året istället ökat sitt värde på marknaden i form av ökad börskurs. Detta med syfte att kontrollera om dessa bolag får högre Z-värden än de undersökta konkursbolagen, såsom modellen påvisar.</p>Vår studie har visat att det finns tydliga tendenser som pekar på att modellen har betydande träffsäkerhet men att den inte i varje enskilt fall går att förlita sig på.</p>

For academic research to release its value, it has to be communicated. It is essential, if research is to flourish, that the various forms of research communication, including journal articles and similar research outputs, are as easily and widely available as possible. The publications in this submission, produced between 1998 and 2010, all discuss major aspects (managerial, technical, economic and cultural) of improving access to research outputs in order to support research activity in higher education institutions. The later works focus in particular on the issue of ‘open access’ (OA) publishing and dissemination. The publications investigate the why and how of OA. Firstly, they examine the potential benefits (and dis-benefits) of OA for the research community and other stakeholders. Secondly, they discuss how OA systems and services might operate in practice. The earlier works on OA focus on repositories, particularly institutional repositories. Some of the later publications bring into consideration OA journals and their (potential) ongoing relationship with repositories. The publications are written from the perspective of a library and information services provider in a research university. They report on ground-breaking action-based research-and-development work: setting up innovative demonstrator systems, developing new business processes, and designing novel organisational policies. Possible future scenarios are modelled and analysed. It is shown that these activities have made a significant impact on wider professional practice, as well as contributing to the research literature, as OA has became more mainstream. Major themes discussed include managerial challenges associated with implementing OA services; technical issues relating to the development of systems and standards; economic factors covering costs, funding streams and business models; and cultural issues, including disciplinary differences. These are examined in relation to different stakeholder groups at institutional, national and system-wide levels. Other key themes include intellectual property rights and quality assurance. A clearer picture of possible research-communication futures incorporating OA is developed.

People faced with infertility will often experience a strong need for psychosocial support and guidance; a need which is not always adequately met by existing sources of support. The growth in access to the Internet over recent years has opened up new opportunities for people affected by infertility to seek support, advice, and information through the means of an online support community. These online communities can potentially play an important role in addressing the support and information needs of people experiencing infertility; by improving their ability to access peer and professional support. Additionally, online communities may offer a more welcoming and comfortable environment in which these individual's can share their infertility experiences and concerns. This thesis adopted a triangulated approach to research the potential role of online communities in helping people cope with the challenges of infertility. An initial qualitative study was conducted with 95 people accessing online infertility support communities to explore their motives, perceptions, and experiences of online support seeking. Responses revealed that participants especially valued the unique characteristics of computer-mediated communication (e.g. anonymity, asynchrony etc), which appeared to facilitate their ability to access and seek support. In addition, there were a number of psychosocial benefits associated with the online support communities, which appeared to aid the participant's ability to cope with their infertility experiences. Key benefits included reduced feelings of isolation and loneliness, improvements in marital relationships and access to a unique and valuable source of emotional and informational support. This study was followed by a content analysis of the therapeutic and self help mechanisms used in 3,500 messages posted to a popular UK online infertility support community. Results from this stage suggested that the key functions of the online support community were to exchange support and empathy and provide a forum for individuals to share their personal experiences related to infertility. Results also revealed that on the whole communication within the online support community was extremely positive and constructive, offering group members the opportunity to utilise many of the therapeutic and self-help mechanisms that are known to be beneficial to people using face-to-face support networks. The issues and questions raised in these initial studies were further examined in a larger scale survey with 295 users of online infertility support communities. This study quantitatively examined the use and experience of online infertility support communities and how this relates to psychosocial well-being. Results revealed that the majority of participants considered there to be a range of important benefits from accessing online communities. However the study also identified a number of potential disadvantages to accessing online infertility support communities, which appeared to have an impact on the experiences and psychosocial wellbeing of infertile individuals. The theoretical, methodological and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

This thesis presents a cross-section measurement of the Z -+ TeTh process performed using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The data used were collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV during 2010 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb-I. This measurement uses the final state where one T lepton decays leptonically, to an electron or muon, plus neutrinos, and the other T lepton decays hadronically. The "(* / Z -+ a, It and di-boson background processes are estimated using Monte Carlo simulation, the W -+ TV Monte Carlo background prediction is estimated using a semi data-driven method. The multijet background is estimated with a fully data-driven 'ABCD' method using three exclusive control regions built by inverting uncorrelated requirements on the isolation of the electron or muon and the product of the electric charge of the identified electron or muon and hadronically decayed T lepton. The measured cross-sections in each channel are corrected for the individual branching ratios and yield the total cross-section a(Z -+ TT, minv 66 - 116 GeV) = 1142 ± 135.5(stat.) ± 206.2(syst.) ± 40. 19(1umi.) ± 3.6(theo.) pb for the electron channel and a(Z -+ TT, minv 66 - 116 GeV) = 857.6 ± 81.4(stat.) ± 132.5(syst.) ± 30.19(lumi.) ± 2.8(theo.) pb for the muon channel, where the invariant mass of the Z boson is between 66 and 116 GeV. These are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction of960 ± 49.5 pb. Performing a measurement of a well-known Standard Model process using the ATLAS de- tector in this new high energy regime is essential for validating the T lepton identification in particular, which is essential for any new physics search such as H -+ TeTh' A cut-based analysis for the Vector Boson Fusion produced Higgs boson decaying to two T leptons channel is introduced and the possibility of using the more complex analysis technique, the Matrix Element method, to increase sensitivity is discussed.

Nikkomycin Z (NikZ) is a chitin synthase inhibitor with antifungal efficacy against Coccidioides spp. and other endemic fungi. Dogs suffer a rate and range of natural coccidioidomycosis similar to humans and were considered an excellent model for initially testing NikZ against naturally acquired disease. Twelve dogs with coccidioidal pneumonia that had been present for an average of three months were treated with 250 mg (5 - 15 kg) or 500 mg (> 15 - 30 kg) twice daily for 60 days. Nine dogs completed the course of treatment and seven dogs had improvement in disease based on radiographs, clinicopathological parameters, physical examination findings, and subjective assessment by the owners; three dogs had resolution or near resolution of disease. Based on this small study, NikZ shows efficacy to treat naturally acquired coccidioidomycosis and merits further development for trials in humans.

75 Resumé v anglickém jazyce a klíčová slova Taxation of income of business companies and their members (comparison of legal regulation in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic) My diploma thesis called "Taxation of income of business companies and their members (comparison of legal regulation in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic)" focuses mainly on the differences between legal regulation of system of income taxation in the Czech and Slovak Republic. Whereas a business company could be considered solely a legal entity, a member of a business company could be an individual as well. Therefore both areas of income taxation - personal and corporate income tax - are included into the comparison in this diploma thesis. After the introduction the thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first one describes the most important characteristics of particular business companies as they are stipulated in Act No. 513/1991 Coll., Commercial Code, as amended. I have introduced the key features of the most known legal forms of business companies - general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company and joint stock company. The legal regulation of these types of business companies is similar in the Czech and Slovak Republic. The second chapter deals with legal regulation of both personal and...

The main goal of this thesis is to examine the effect of Czech's 2008 at rate personal income tax reform on consumption, income and tax evasion since there is a belief that personal income tax rates are partially responsible for high levels of tax evasion. We use the gap between household expenditures and reported income as a proxy for tax evasion with the Czech microeconomic data from the 2006-2008 Household Budget Survey. Employing difference-in-difference approach, we find no effect of the Czech at personal income tax rate on tax evasion for households with one economically active individual in the year 2008 relative to households experiencing no change.

Money laundering is marginalized phenomenon with high social impact which comes from necessary connection of this activity with illegal activities, especially organized crime. Since the goal of almost every illegal activity is to create profit (and since the biggest profit comes from the activities which are highly dangerous for the society, such as drug trafficking) it is vital for the society to fight money laundering effectively. It is in the best interest of the whole society to fight this phenomenon and cut the organized crime out of their resources through effective control of the money laundering. The goal of this thesis is to explain the issue of money laundering in detail, to map the whole process while using mostly comparative and analytic methods and summarize the international and Czech anti- money laundering legislation. I would be glad if the reader had truly concrete idea about the phenomenon of money laundering after reading my thesis. In the first part, I am dealing with the whole concept of money laundering, meaning history and definition of the term itself. I also compare terms money laundering and legalization of proceeds from crime. Then I analyze the true nature of money laundering and financing of terror and the process of money laundering. I also deal with concrete subjects...

The aim of this thesis, focusing on the Criminological Aspects of Hate Crime, is to provide a comprehensive analysis of this kind of criminality in the Czech Republic from the criminological point of view. The work is divided into six chapters. The first of which introduces the topic and presents the definition of this kind of criminality and its close connection with extremist criminality. This activity is characterised by hate motivation against a group or an individual because of their real or presumed race, colour, religion, national origin or ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation or disability. The chapter also deals with the development of the hate crime concept, typology of criminal activity based on the committed type of crime or motivation and particular criminal acts occurring in the Czech Republic. The second chapter is focused on extremism and illegal activities of the members of this scene which attack the democratic system and are capable of jeopardizing it. In addition, it examines kinds of extremism, related ideologies and the Czech situation. The criminological part of the thesis, starting in the third chapter, begins with the phenomenology of hate crime, presenting the state of this criminality in the Czech Republic, comparing it to the previous years and elaborating on the types...