Identified as one of the 7 Millennium Problems, the Riemann zeta hypothesis has successfully evaded mathematicians for over 100 years. Simply stated, Riemann conjectured that all of the nontrivial zeroes of his zeta function have real part equal to 1/2. This thesis attempts to explore the theory behind Riemann’s zeta function by first starting with Euler’s zeta series and building up to Riemann’s function. Along the way we will develop the math required to handle this theory in hopes that by the end the reader will have immersed themselves enough to pursue their own exploration and research into this fascinating subject.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1981. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [260]-266.

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It is a common problem that the cooling water loop in an HVAC or refrigeration plant is suffering from scaling, corrosion, and bacteria attacks, especially in an open-loop designs. The reason is that, through the open water loop, various kinds of contaminants were trapped and migrated along the water flow, causing condenser scaling, which in turn, leading to its poor thermal performances. The experiment conducted in this study revealed that each condenser temperature increase of 1 ¢J, accounts for a COP decrease of 2.4% to 2.8%.Serious scaling problem might even lead to system malfunction, and hazardous environmental problems. Conventionally, water-treatment in the condenser cooling water loop can be categorized into two parts, namely, the chemical and the physical methods. The chemical treatment is mainly performed by injecting chemicals, mostly acids, into the water loop so that it can circulate through the system and causing scales to peer off from the condenser tubes. In response to the cry of environmental protection, physical treatment has become increasingly important, which utilizes magnetic forces as the primary working principle. The main theme of this study is to validate this principle by full-scale experiments. The Zeta Rod system has been developed under the DLVO theory, with significant performance and is environmentally friendly. Experimental investigation has been performed in comparing the temperature differentials across a condenser, before and after the treatment. The result validated that it has increased from 3.9¢J to 4.2¢J and enhanced the thermal performances of the condenser accordingly.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (February 21, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-119)

Thesis (doctoral)--Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 2000. / Date from cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Supervisor: Fernando Rodriguez-Villegas. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Multifractals have during the past 20 − 25 years been the focus of enormous attention in the mathematical literature. Loosely speaking there are two main ingredients in multifractal analysis: the multifractal spectra and the Renyi dimensions. One of the main goals in multifractal analysis is to understand these two ingredients and their relationship with each other. Motivated by the powerful techniques provided by the use of the Artin-Mazur zeta-functions in number theory and the use of the Ruelle zeta-functions in dynamical systems, Lapidus and collaborators (see books by Lapidus & van Frankenhuysen [32, 33] and the references therein) have introduced and pioneered use of zeta-functions in fractal geometry. Inspired by this development, within the past 7−8 years several authors have paralleled this development by introducing zeta-functions into multifractal geometry. Our result inspired by this work will be given in section 2.2.2. There we introduce geometric multifractal zeta-functions providing precise information of very general classes of multifractal spectra, including, for example, the multifractal spectra of self-conformal measures and the multifractal spectra of ergodic Birkhoff averages of continuous functions. Results in that section are based on paper [37]. Dynamical zeta-functions have been introduced and developed by Ruelle [63, 64] and others, (see, for example, the surveys and books [3, 54, 55] and the references therein). It has been a major challenge to introduce and develop a natural and meaningful theory of dynamical multifractal zeta-functions paralleling existing theory of dynamical zeta functions. In particular, in the setting of self-conformal constructions, Olsen [49] introduced a family of dynamical multifractal zeta-functions designed to provide precise information of very general classes of multifractal spectra, including, for example, the multifractal spectra of self-conformal measures and the multifractal spectra of ergodic Birkhoff averages of continuous functions. However, recently it has been recognised that while self-conformal constructions provide a useful and important framework for studying fractal and multifractal geometry, the more general notion of graph-directed self-conformal constructions provide a substantially more flexible and useful framework, see, for example, [36] for an elaboration of this. In recognition of this viewpoint, in section 2.3.11 we provide main definitions of the multifractal pressure and the multifractal dynamical zeta-functions and we state our main results. This section is based on paper [38]. Setting we are working unifies various different multifractal spectra including fine multifractal spectra of self-conformal measures or Birkhoff averages of continuous function. It was introduced by Olsen in [43]. In section 2.1 we propose answer to problem of defining Renyi spectra in more general settings and provide slight improvement of result regrading multifractal spectra in the case of Subshift of finite type.

Seguindo os trabalhos de William Parry e Mark Pollicott, analisamos expressões de funções zeta dinâmicas e construímos probabilidades envolvendo somas em órbitas periódicas, que chamamos de zeta-medidas. Mostramos que as zeta-medidas são ferramentas úteis para aproximar o equilíbrio de um potencial Holder e que podem ser usadas para aproximar a probabilidade maximizante. Para alguns casos, mostramos que esta convergência satisfaz um princípio dos grandes desvios sem assumir unicidade da probabilidade maximizante. Como as iterações do Operador de Ruelle podem ser usadas para aproximar o equilíbrio de um potencial Holder, tomando um limite em duas variáveis, mostramos que elas podem ser usadas para aproximar a probabilidade maximizante. Supondo a unicidade da probabilidade maximizante, mostramos que esta convergência satisfaz um princípio dos grandes desvios com o mesmo funcional obtido por Baraviera-Lopes-Thieullen, para as medidas de equilíbrio. Mostramos antes que este funcional difere do obtido para zeta-medidas. Em uma seção independente, construímos um ponto cujo w-limite não contém pontos periódicos. Este w-limite pode ser aproximado exponencialmente em N por órbitas periódicas de tamanho menor ou igual a N. / We follow the works of William Parry and Mark Pollicott considering expressions of dinamical zeta functions and construct probabilities over sum on periodic orbits, that we call zeta-measures. We show that zeta-measures are useful tools to approximate the equilibrium measure of a H¨older potential and also they can be used to approximate the maximizing measure. In some cases, we show that this convergence satisfies a Large Deviation Principle (LDP) without assuming unicity of the maximizing measure. The Ruelle Operator can be used to approximate the equilibrium measure of a H¨older potential, so taking a limit on two variables, we show that they can be used to aproximate the maximizing measure. When there is a unique maximizing measure, we show that this convergence satisfies a LDP with the same functional given by Baraviera-Lopes-Thieullen, for equilibrium measures. We have shown before that this functional isn’t the same for zeta-measures. In a independent section we construct a point such that the w-limit set doesn’t have periodic points. This w-limit set can be approximate exponencialy in N by periocic orbits with period smaller than N.