Orientador: Ricardo Cardoso Benine / Banca: Virginia Sanches Uieda / Banca: Alaide Aparecida Fonseca Gessner / Resumo: Os diferentes tipos de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato podem ser um importante fator na determinação da riqueza, abundância e distribuição das comunidades bentônicas. Neste sentido, no presente trabalhos fizemos um experimento em um riacho do Parque Estadual Intervales, Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de responder as seguintes questões: 1) a abundância, riqueza e composição da fauna de macroinvertebrados aquáticos são afetadas pelo tipo de mesohabitat (corredeira e remanso)? 2) a abundância, riqueza e composição da fauna são afetadas por substratos com diferentes complexidades fractais? 3) A fauna é afetada pela interação entre o tipo de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato? Para responder esses questionamentos, coletamos dados experimentais em um riacho de Mata Atlântica do Sudeste do Brasil. Foram coletados 2.223 indivíduos. O primeiro eixo da DCA explicou 48,5% da variabilidade e separou a fauna coletada em remanso daquela coletada em corredeira. O segundo eixo explicou 15,9% e não pôde ser interpretado. A DCA não mostrou nenhum padrão que pudesse ser explicado pelas diferentes dimensões fractais. A maior abundância dos macroinvertebrados aquáticos foi observada em corredeiras. O tipo de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato não afetaram a riqueza padronizada. Por outro lado, o tipo de mesohabitat afetou significativamente a composição faunística, DCA I / Abstract: The richness, abundance and distribution of benthic communities may be affected by the different types of mesohabitat and by substrate complexity. In this sense, in the present work, we made a experiment in a stream located in the Intervales State Park, São Paulo State, with the aim to answer the following questions: 1) are abundance, richness and the faunal composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates affected by the type of mesohabitat (riffle and pool)? 2) Are abundance, richness and the faunal composition affected by the substrates with different fractal complexity? 3) Does the interaction between mesohabitat type and substrate complexity affect the fauna? To answer these questions, we collected experimental data in an Atlantic Rainforest stream in the Southeastern of Brazil. We collected 2.223 individuals. The first axis of DCA explained 48.5% of the variability and segregated the fauna of riffle from that of pool. The second axis explained 15,9% and could not be interpreted. The DCA analyses did not show any pattern that could be explained by the different fractal dimensions. The greatest aquatic macroinvertebrate abundance was observed in riffles. The mesohabitat type and the substrates complexity did not affect the standardized richness. On the other hand, the mesohabitat type affected significantly the faunal composition, DCA I / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bertolucci_mpb_me_botib.pdf: 191496 bytes, checksum: 4a7e9b076a1b248c3fae26a47879b911 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os diferentes tipos de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato podem ser um importante fator na determinação da riqueza, abundância e distribuição das comunidades bentônicas. Neste sentido, no presente trabalhos fizemos um experimento em um riacho do Parque Estadual Intervales, Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de responder as seguintes questões: 1) a abundância, riqueza e composição da fauna de macroinvertebrados aquáticos são afetadas pelo tipo de mesohabitat (corredeira e remanso)? 2) a abundância, riqueza e composição da fauna são afetadas por substratos com diferentes complexidades fractais? 3) A fauna é afetada pela interação entre o tipo de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato? Para responder esses questionamentos, coletamos dados experimentais em um riacho de Mata Atlântica do Sudeste do Brasil. Foram coletados 2.223 indivíduos. O primeiro eixo da DCA explicou 48,5% da variabilidade e separou a fauna coletada em remanso daquela coletada em corredeira. O segundo eixo explicou 15,9% e não pôde ser interpretado. A DCA não mostrou nenhum padrão que pudesse ser explicado pelas diferentes dimensões fractais. A maior abundância dos macroinvertebrados aquáticos foi observada em corredeiras. O tipo de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato não afetaram a riqueza padronizada. Por outro lado, o tipo de mesohabitat afetou significativamente a composição faunística, DCA I / The richness, abundance and distribution of benthic communities may be affected by the different types of mesohabitat and by substrate complexity. In this sense, in the present work, we made a experiment in a stream located in the Intervales State Park, São Paulo State, with the aim to answer the following questions: 1) are abundance, richness and the faunal composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates affected by the type of mesohabitat (riffle and pool)? 2) Are abundance, richness and the faunal composition affected by the substrates with different fractal complexity? 3) Does the interaction between mesohabitat type and substrate complexity affect the fauna? To answer these questions, we collected experimental data in an Atlantic Rainforest stream in the Southeastern of Brazil. We collected 2.223 individuals. The first axis of DCA explained 48.5% of the variability and segregated the fauna of riffle from that of pool. The second axis explained 15,9% and could not be interpreted. The DCA analyses did not show any pattern that could be explained by the different fractal dimensions. The greatest aquatic macroinvertebrate abundance was observed in riffles. The mesohabitat type and the substrates complexity did not affect the standardized richness. On the other hand, the mesohabitat type affected significantly the faunal composition, DCA I

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-28Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000788509.pdf: 1555096 bytes, checksum: fcbbd1553ac7c24a956b319cfce378fb (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / The specimens of Nematopalaemon schmitti were captured in southeastern Brazil from 2008 to 2011, for reproductive output (RO) and fecundity analysis of species. Changes in the egg development associated to the ovary maturation of ovigerous female were also analyzed in order to verify possible synchronous relationship between them. Obtained ovigerous females were measured (carapace length [CL]) and analyzed as the stage of development of their ovaries and eggs. The RO was calculated based on dry weight of eggs and female masses. Fecundity was expressed by the equation obtained from regression between egg numbers and CL. A significant relationship was observed between the number of eggs and CL (p<0.001), showing that as higher is the female higher is its capacity to produce eggs. Comparing the mean number of eggs in stages I and II in N. schmitti, became evident a loss of 7% of eggs. Females with rudimentary ovaries showed, predominantly, eggs in stage I and females with developed ovaries showed only eggs in stage II, showing synchrony between the developing of both, thus supporting the hypothesis of a continuous reproductive cycle for N. schmitti in the study region. The RO and fecundity can be affected for biotic and abiotic factors, as parasites and variations in the latitudinal gradient. Informations of the reproductive output and its relations with the synchrony between the gonadal and embryonic development are rare for the palaemonoid shrimps, although they are crucial in understanding the reproductive biology of these animals, as well as other caridean shrimps

Orientador: Adilson Fransozo / Coorientador: Ariádine Cristine de Almeida / Banca: Gustavo Monteiro Teixeira / Banca: Válter José Cobo / Resumo: Não disponível / Abstract: The specimens of Nematopalaemon schmitti were captured in southeastern Brazil from 2008 to 2011, for reproductive output (RO) and fecundity analysis of species. Changes in the egg development associated to the ovary maturation of ovigerous female were also analyzed in order to verify possible synchronous relationship between them. Obtained ovigerous females were measured (carapace length [CL]) and analyzed as the stage of development of their ovaries and eggs. The RO was calculated based on dry weight of eggs and female masses. Fecundity was expressed by the equation obtained from regression between egg numbers and CL. A significant relationship was observed between the number of eggs and CL (p<0.001), showing that as higher is the female higher is its capacity to produce eggs. Comparing the mean number of eggs in stages I and II in N. schmitti, became evident a loss of 7% of eggs. Females with rudimentary ovaries showed, predominantly, eggs in stage I and females with developed ovaries showed only eggs in stage II, showing synchrony between the developing of both, thus supporting the hypothesis of a continuous reproductive cycle for N. schmitti in the study region. The RO and fecundity can be affected for biotic and abiotic factors, as parasites and variations in the latitudinal gradient. Informations of the reproductive output and its relations with the synchrony between the gonadal and embryonic development are rare for the palaemonoid shrimps, although they are crucial in understanding the reproductive biology of these animals, as well as other caridean shrimps / Mestre