Orientador: Ricardo Cardoso Benine / Banca: Virginia Sanches Uieda / Banca: Alaide Aparecida Fonseca Gessner / Resumo: Os diferentes tipos de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato podem ser um importante fator na determinação da riqueza, abundância e distribuição das comunidades bentônicas. Neste sentido, no presente trabalhos fizemos um experimento em um riacho do Parque Estadual Intervales, Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de responder as seguintes questões: 1) a abundância, riqueza e composição da fauna de macroinvertebrados aquáticos são afetadas pelo tipo de mesohabitat (corredeira e remanso)? 2) a abundância, riqueza e composição da fauna são afetadas por substratos com diferentes complexidades fractais? 3) A fauna é afetada pela interação entre o tipo de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato? Para responder esses questionamentos, coletamos dados experimentais em um riacho de Mata Atlântica do Sudeste do Brasil. Foram coletados 2.223 indivíduos. O primeiro eixo da DCA explicou 48,5% da variabilidade e separou a fauna coletada em remanso daquela coletada em corredeira. O segundo eixo explicou 15,9% e não pôde ser interpretado. A DCA não mostrou nenhum padrão que pudesse ser explicado pelas diferentes dimensões fractais. A maior abundância dos macroinvertebrados aquáticos foi observada em corredeiras. O tipo de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato não afetaram a riqueza padronizada. Por outro lado, o tipo de mesohabitat afetou significativamente a composição faunística, DCA I / Abstract: The richness, abundance and distribution of benthic communities may be affected by the different types of mesohabitat and by substrate complexity. In this sense, in the present work, we made a experiment in a stream located in the Intervales State Park, São Paulo State, with the aim to answer the following questions: 1) are abundance, richness and the faunal composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates affected by the type of mesohabitat (riffle and pool)? 2) Are abundance, richness and the faunal composition affected by the substrates with different fractal complexity? 3) Does the interaction between mesohabitat type and substrate complexity affect the fauna? To answer these questions, we collected experimental data in an Atlantic Rainforest stream in the Southeastern of Brazil. We collected 2.223 individuals. The first axis of DCA explained 48.5% of the variability and segregated the fauna of riffle from that of pool. The second axis explained 15,9% and could not be interpreted. The DCA analyses did not show any pattern that could be explained by the different fractal dimensions. The greatest aquatic macroinvertebrate abundance was observed in riffles. The mesohabitat type and the substrates complexity did not affect the standardized richness. On the other hand, the mesohabitat type affected significantly the faunal composition, DCA I / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bertolucci_mpb_me_botib.pdf: 191496 bytes, checksum: 4a7e9b076a1b248c3fae26a47879b911 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os diferentes tipos de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato podem ser um importante fator na determinação da riqueza, abundância e distribuição das comunidades bentônicas. Neste sentido, no presente trabalhos fizemos um experimento em um riacho do Parque Estadual Intervales, Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de responder as seguintes questões: 1) a abundância, riqueza e composição da fauna de macroinvertebrados aquáticos são afetadas pelo tipo de mesohabitat (corredeira e remanso)? 2) a abundância, riqueza e composição da fauna são afetadas por substratos com diferentes complexidades fractais? 3) A fauna é afetada pela interação entre o tipo de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato? Para responder esses questionamentos, coletamos dados experimentais em um riacho de Mata Atlântica do Sudeste do Brasil. Foram coletados 2.223 indivíduos. O primeiro eixo da DCA explicou 48,5% da variabilidade e separou a fauna coletada em remanso daquela coletada em corredeira. O segundo eixo explicou 15,9% e não pôde ser interpretado. A DCA não mostrou nenhum padrão que pudesse ser explicado pelas diferentes dimensões fractais. A maior abundância dos macroinvertebrados aquáticos foi observada em corredeiras. O tipo de mesohabitat e a complexidade do substrato não afetaram a riqueza padronizada. Por outro lado, o tipo de mesohabitat afetou significativamente a composição faunística, DCA I / The richness, abundance and distribution of benthic communities may be affected by the different types of mesohabitat and by substrate complexity. In this sense, in the present work, we made a experiment in a stream located in the Intervales State Park, São Paulo State, with the aim to answer the following questions: 1) are abundance, richness and the faunal composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates affected by the type of mesohabitat (riffle and pool)? 2) Are abundance, richness and the faunal composition affected by the substrates with different fractal complexity? 3) Does the interaction between mesohabitat type and substrate complexity affect the fauna? To answer these questions, we collected experimental data in an Atlantic Rainforest stream in the Southeastern of Brazil. We collected 2.223 individuals. The first axis of DCA explained 48.5% of the variability and segregated the fauna of riffle from that of pool. The second axis explained 15,9% and could not be interpreted. The DCA analyses did not show any pattern that could be explained by the different fractal dimensions. The greatest aquatic macroinvertebrate abundance was observed in riffles. The mesohabitat type and the substrates complexity did not affect the standardized richness. On the other hand, the mesohabitat type affected significantly the faunal composition, DCA I

A Research Project Submitted to the Faculty of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in Part Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Education Johannesburg, 1986 / This investigation looks at the appearance of the high-risk student, and the compensatory education programmes which developed to try and help cope with this problem. It examines the issues and findings of almost three decades of American research into the matter, a, well as the more recent South African investigations. Factors affecting evaluations of education programmes, and which could contribute to the lack of concensus about the worth of these programmes, are discussed. Finally attention is focussed on the evaluation of a specific Zoology Academic Support Programme. The evaluation, based on Patton's paradigm of choices, includes both summative and formative aspects, It Is hoped >.ha^ e former will assist the reader to make an informed decision about the worth of this programme. The lat.er illuminate some of the issues affecting the program..,, s success, in the hope that a better understanding of these will allow for modifications to improve the effectiveness of this programme.

The thesis examines the ability of animals to construct a home base. The home base is a point in space where animals rear, groom, and circle and is a primary element in organized spatial behaviour (Eilam and Golani 1989). Once animals establish a home base, they make outward trips and stops, and after a series of trips and stops they return again to the home base. The home base behaviour of animals acts as a platform for asking questions about the cognitive organization of an environment. The thesis describes five main findings. Control and hippocampectomized animals use (1) proximal and (2) distal cues to form a home base and organize their behaviour. (3) Control and olfactory bulbectomized animals form home bases in the dark where as hippocampectomized animals are impaired suggesting self-movement but not olfactory cues play a role in home base behaviour. A final set of experiments demonstrated that control and hippocampectomized animals learn the position of (4) proximal and (5) distal cues so that in the cue's absence, animals still form a home base at that position. The demonstration that a central feature of exploratory behaviour, establishing a home base, is preserved in hippocampectomized rats in relation to proximal, distal, and conditioned visual cues - reveals that exploratory behaviour remains organized after hippocampal lesions. The inability of hippocampectomized rats to form a virtual home base in the absence of visual cues is discussed in relation to the idea that the hippocampus contributes to inertial behaviour that may be dependent upon self-movement cues. / xv, 232 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.