Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

M.A. (African Languages) / The phonological system of Zulu does not tolerate consecutive vowels in one word while, with specific conditions, only certain consonant combinations and consonant-vowel combinations are permissible. Morphonological adjustments such as glide insertion, vowel coalescence and semi vocalization are therefore utilized to avoid the accumulation of vowels. Where consonants are brought together by morpheme combinations, morphonological adjustments such as nasalization occur to avoid the impermissible consonant groups. Adjustments such as palatalization are the result of the impermissible combinations of certain consonants and (one or more) vowels and/or semivowels. This study aims at analysing some known morphonological phenomena in Zulu from a generative-phonological point of view. It involves mainly the construction and formulation of a number of morphonological rules for Zulu within the framework of the transformational generative (T.G.) phonology. The study is purely introductory and does not claim that all relevant material has been fully analysed and exhausted. The point of departure is that of Chomsky and Halle in their Sound Patterns in English (SPE). Chapter one defines the concept of phonological processes, states the conditions for acceptable phonological rules and supplies definitions of features employed to describe the segments of Zulu. Chapter two identifies the underlying segments of Zulu, i. e. vowels, consonants, "impure" consonants (so-called liquids) and semi-vowels. Characteristics of the underlying segments are presented in a table. Through the formulation of redundancy rules those features of segments which systematically correspond with other features are eliminated and lexical versions of the underlying segments are determined. In chapter three the processes of glide vowel coalescence which relate to insertion, semi vocalization an impermissible series of vowels are discussed and summarized in rules.

The aim of this dissertation is to prove that tsotsitaal is widely spoken in the black townships and interferes with the correct usage of standard Zulu. Secondly, the intention is to prove that the influence of Zulu on tsotsitaal is greater than that of any other African language. In chapter 2 the standard language, colloquial variety and tsotsitaal are compared and parallels are drawn between the last two speech varieties. Chapter 3 concentrates on the static and dynamic elements of tsotsitaal as far as morphology is concerned. In chapter 4, the focus is on the meaning of tsotsi words in their social context. Words and phrases which appear and sound like Zulu words spoken by the tsotsis, have a different meaning. Chapter 5 is the concluding chapter. It provides reasons why tsotsitaal is dynamic. It hints at the usefulness of tsotsitaal and its detrimental effects are also pointed out / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)

Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / This study examines data from communication-theoretic refusal in isiZulu, relating to pragmatic theorists’ argument that every human interaction to a large extent carries with it an element of threatening one or both participants’ face. The speech act of refusal has been identified as one of the most effective speech acts to be employed for this phenomenon in this study. Every speech act is influenced by contextual, cultural and many other background factors associated to age, gender and rank, to mention a few, which contribute towards the composition of speech act. The issues relating to the theory of politeness prompted this study in the extent to which politeness plays a role in refusals in educational contexts of Zulu speaking students. The study has evaluated Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory of politeness as a universal phenomenon against the findings of my data, in that the universality advanced by these theorists does not quite fit with this study. The variable percentages in this data, especially in refusals, indicate that politeness does not always exist in terms of positive and negative face in the participants’ mind but other considerations related to the goal of the speech act are the main source of the speech act. In this study, refusal in the Zulu context has demonstrated that politeness has been employed as a strategy for encoding distance between speaker and solicitor.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1956.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1979.

Thesis (M.A.)--Hartford Seminary Foundation. / Bibliography: p. 199.

The aim of this dissertation is to prove that tsotsitaal is widely spoken in the black townships and interferes with the correct usage of standard Zulu. Secondly, the intention is to prove that the influence of Zulu on tsotsitaal is greater than that of any other African language. In chapter 2 the standard language, colloquial variety and tsotsitaal are compared and parallels are drawn between the last two speech varieties. Chapter 3 concentrates on the static and dynamic elements of tsotsitaal as far as morphology is concerned. In chapter 4, the focus is on the meaning of tsotsi words in their social context. Words and phrases which appear and sound like Zulu words spoken by the tsotsis, have a different meaning. Chapter 5 is the concluding chapter. It provides reasons why tsotsitaal is dynamic. It hints at the usefulness of tsotsitaal and its detrimental effects are also pointed out / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)

D.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages) / The change in function of word categories is a widespread phenomenon in Zulu and can be indicated across the whole spectrum of language elements. The dynamic developing nature of the language entails that units may shift upwards or downwards within the hierarchy, resulting in their assuming either a higher or lower rank. The so-called "class prefix" of class 2a is typified as a specialised and rank shifted variant of the emphatic pronoun bona on account of its syntactic and semantic characteristics. The class prefix of class 1a has not yet completely passed through the development process from Ur-Bantu *Ta and currently shows charateristics of both copula and class prefix. Various other affixes of the noun such as, inter alia, the diminutive suffix and prefixes such as {-50-} and {~nga-} originated from former nouns and verbal stems. A 1arge degree of interaction occurs between pronouns and other word categories. The (abbreviated) demonstrative pronoun a functions as relative pronoun in establishing relative constructions. The verbal suffix {-yo} which functions in verbal relative constructions as nominaliser and with an emphatic semantic value also originated from a pronoun. A few pronouns from the locative classes may function as (auxiliary) verb stems while others serve as "conjunct ions". The distance indicating suffixes of the demonstrative pronouns, with the retention of significance, are employed in other word categori es such as adverbs and interjective demonstratives. Category shifting, therefore, also occurs on the level of morphemes. A mutual underlying composition is disclosed for all relative constructions (verbal and nominal) as consisting of the relative pronoun a as introductory member followed by a complement in the relative mood. This postulation makes provision for the occurence of a underlying copulative verb stem *-(1)i in the relative and situative moods. In the indicative the negative auxiliary verb stem -si is regarded as (underlying) part of the copulative construction. Various particle words such as the connective na and the instrumental nga, the hortative particles (m)a and A(ke), certain "conjunctions" such as uma and qede, the particles be and se and certain enclitic particles find their origin in verbs. It has been indicated within the category 'verb' that the aspectual morphemes originated in former verb stems. Certain verbs can be lowered in rank with specific morphological and semantic changes and then function as auxiliary verb stems. In certain cases the auxiliary verb stems can shift upwards in rank by morphematic elision of the concordial morpheme and be employed as autonomous "conjunctions". Adverbs are mainly derived from other word categories in that noun class prefixes function as adverbial prefixes. The adverbial prefix {ka-} is reduced to the obsolete class 13 of Ur-Bantu which contained mainly diminutive words as well as words with an adverbial significance. The morpheme {-ka} whi ch occurs in words such as kangaka originated in the demonstrative pronoun of this class, namely lakha. Ideophones show formal, semantic and syntatic similarities with verbs and are typified in principle as the complement of the auxiliary verb stem -thi.

M.A. / Idioms, sayings and poetry in the Bantu languages are examples of idiomatic usage of language. Idiomatic language or figurative language differ in certain respects from literal or non-figurative language usage. Many studies on proverbs and idioms in Zulu have been published but none have as yet made an in depth study of the linguistic characteristics of proverbs and idioms. A comparison between proverbs and Zulu poetry has also never been attempted. Thorough studies concerning the Sotho languages have been made in this regard. In this study, the linguistic characteristics of Zulu proverbs and idioms are compared to findings made in Northern Sotho and Southern Sotho in order to determine if linguistic peculiarities and other aspects found in the Sotho languages are also present in Zulu proverbs and idioms. Chapter 2 deals with the basic linguistic characteristics of Zulu proverbs. The characteristics are similar to those found in Northern and Southern Sotho. The basic linguistic characteristics include a complete and unchanging syntactical structure. A small number of Zulu proverbs have syntactical differences. In such cases a proverb has been recorded by various writers, each with a difference, mainly in the verb. The variants include changes in verb tenses, the presence or absence of verb extensions and the deletion of the copulative particle.