A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of MA in Communication Science at the University of Zululand, 2002. / In this thesis I am going to look at attitude study theory and then will define the terms which will be presented, in my literature chapter to help with reading and understanding of my thesis. The literature, which informs this study, is on atritiiHinal study as presented by scholars of this field. From this I will use the methods suggested to study attitudes of the uMlazi matriculants towards isiZulu as a school subject. My focus is on isiZulu language, which is one of the official languages; this will then bring in the issues of language poBcy in Black South African schools. IsiZulu will then be compared with the dominant language, which is spoken by the participants of the research, and all the official languages will be investigated if they are being used. The language policy will be investigated from the colonial era up to post democratic South Africa to establish if it has changed or not. Then the new language policy is to be investigated if it is implemented or not, if not suggest how the languages could be uplifted to promote muhilingualism which is the requirement of the Language policy-act of 1996. Writing conventions I wish to draw the attention of the reader to the following conventions that I am following in this stud}': 1 J am using the abbreviated Harvard style of referencing, for example: Adendorff 1996—388-406 means Adendorff 1996 pages 388 to 406. 2. Graphs and tables are given as figure 1-14 and they follow chronological order. 3. My questionnaire is attached under Addendum A All SPSS data are attached under addendum B.

Submitted in fulfillment for the Degree Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2004. / Isahluko sokuqala siphethe isethuIo socwaningo-jikeIeIe. Lapha kubukwa izinhIoso zocwaningo; intshisekeIo; indIeIa yokuqhuba ucwaningo, umkIamo wocwaningo nemibono yongoti. Isahluko sesibiIi siphethe ukuqhathaniswa kohIeIo oIwakbeIwe phezu kwegama nesiqu; ukuthi IufundeIwani uhIeIo IoIimi; isayensi yohIeIo IoIimi; umsuka wohIeIo Iolimi; ukubunjwa kohIeIo IoIimi esiZuIwini; umahluko phakathi kwesiqu nomsuka; ukuchazwa kabusha kwamatemu 'isiqu nomsuka'; umsuka nomphumeIa wawo; imofoIoji encike kwiziqu namagama; imofoIoji esuseIwe eziqwini zoIimi nokuthi ikuphi okuyikonakona phakathi kwemofoIoji esuseIwa emabizweni noma eziqwini. Isahluko sesithathu siphethe ukubhalwa kwamagama ngokuwahlanganisa noma ngokuwahlukanisa okuqukethe ukuthi ingabe ahlanganiseIwani futhi ahIukaniseIwani amagama uma ebhaIwa; indIeIa yokuhIukanisa amagama, indIeIa engapheIeIe yokuhIukanisa amagama; okubekwe endaweni yokunye; ingabe abaIetha inkoIo kubantu bawahIukanis~ kanjani amabizo; ukuhIukaniswa kwamagama ngokuka van Wyk; ukuhIukanisa kube kodwa;" okunokuphambaniswa ukwahlukanisa; okunokubuyiseIwa endaweni; ukubunjwa kobhalo-jikeIeIe egameni eIiIodwa nesiphetho. Isahluko sesme siphethe ukuhIeIwa kwamabizo ngezigaba zawo okuqukethe Iezi zihIokwana ezithi ingabe amabizo ahleIeIwani ngezigaba zawo; izigaba zamabizo; ubuthakathaka ngezindIeIa uDoke noCoIe abahleIa ngazo izigaba zamabizo; ukuhIeIwa kwamabizo ngezigaba z awo ngokukaDoke; ukugxekwa k wendIeIa uDoke ahleIa ngayo izingcezu zenkuIumo. IsahIuko sesihIanu siphethe ukuhIeIwa kwamabizo nezingcezu zenkuIumo ngendIeIa kavan Wyk okuqukethe Iezi zihIokwana ezithi izingcezu zenkuIumo ngokukavan Wyk; (v) okulandelayo kutshengisa isigabazwana; ukublelwa kweziphawulo, izibaluli, maru nezibanjalo ngohlelo luka van Wyk. Isahluko sesithupha siphethe lokho okuthiwa isiphawulo esiZulwini; umIando omfuphi ngokuthiwa isiphawulo; ubuthaka balokhu okuthiwa" isiphawulo; indlela engandulelwa ukubhekana nobuthakathaka nalokho okuthiwa isiphawulo nesiphetho. Isahluko sesikhombisa esibhekene nokuhlaziywa kocwaningo jikelele, lzincomo nesiphetho.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, 2001. / Word-formation has received very little attention in isiZulu in the past. This situation has been caused by the approach of word analysis which was pioneered by grammarians like Doke (1956), Nyembezi (1965) and others that followed in their steps. The main aim of this study is therefore to put word-formation into its rightful place in isiZulu grammar, that is at the centre of every morphological application. Word-formation and word-formation rules should form the basis for every grammatical practice of every language. Although word-formation is as old as the languages themselves, it is noticeable that there are no methods or approaches that has been agreed upon in any language. This implies that this study also attempts to develop the theoretical framework for word-formation in isiZulu since most studies done on word-formation are on English which is different from isiZulu. It therefore attempts to deal with processes that are vital in word-formation in isiZulu. It includes the processes like : affixation, grammaticalization, compounding, reduplication, word coinage as well as borrowing. This means that it covers both the morphological and lexical processes. IsiZulu is one of the most flexible and ever developing languages and through contact with other languages like English, Afrikaans and other African languages, isiZulu has proved to be developing rapidly. This phenomenon has led to the researcher undertaking the study of this nature. This study will form the basis for linguistically approach to the study of isiZulu. A close look is put on topics like word coinage, word borrowing, compounding, grammaticalization and affixation. Various conclusions and recommendations are drawn in an attempt to lead the way to rechanneling the focus of studies in isiZulu grammar. This study shows that isiZulu is not as backward and short of appropriate vocabulary as it is perceived to be. The shortage of words is remedied by processes like word borrowing, word coinage and extension of meaning in existing terms. On that note, isiZulu is at par with other languages of the world and this study says it.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the communicative processes of advice in isiZulu through which people aid each other with problems and stresses of daily life, including ways in which support is communicated. When friends or family members attempt to help one another with stress and problems, they frequently give advice. Within the field of pragmatics, advice is a common but potentially face-threatening response to a friend or a loved one who is upset about a problem. Consequently it is useful to identify ways a speaker may show regard for face in this kind of episode. Advice can threaten the hearer's autonomy by imposing the speaker's authority and solutions on the hearer and it can also imply criticism of the hearer's emotional reaction or handling of the problem. In this study, twenty-one advice topics, by Goldsmith (2000) that can be used in various troubles talk episodes in isiZulu have been examined. It has been found that some advice situations have more topics than others. The situation with more advice topics is the one referred to as personal. This is because people are always very keen to give more advice to people with personal problems than to people with other problems. The situations with the least number of topics are abuse and teachers, because they are very sensitive in nature. The study found that the sensitivity comes from the fact that third parties are involved. People tend to be reluctant to give advice which might lead to confrontation between the parties that are involved. In this research, the parties that are involved are learners on the one side and the parents/teachers on the other side. The other factor is that people do not want to see a parent who is abusing his/her child going to jailor a teacher who does not like a particular child losing his/her job because of the advice they gave to the learners. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op die kommunikatiewe prosesse van advies in isiZulu waardeur mense mekaar help met die probleme van die alledaagse lewe, insluitende die wyses waarop steun gekommunikeer word. Wanneer vriende en familielede poog om mekaar te help met probleme, gee hulle dikwels advies. Binne die veld van die pragmatiek, is advies 'n algemene, maar potensiële gesigsbedreigende ('face-threatening') respons teenoor 'n vriend of geliefde wat 'n probleem het. Gevolglik is dit nuttig om wyses te identifiseer waarop 'n spreker ontsag mag toon vir gesig ('face') in hierdie soort episode. Advies kan die spreker se outonomiteit bedreig deur die spreker se outoriteit en oplossings neer te druk op die hoorder en dit kan ook kritiek impliseer van die hoorder se emosionele reaksie op hantering van die probleem. In hierdie studie word een-en-twintig advies episodes van Goldsmith (2000) wat gebruik kan word in verskillende moeilikheidsgesprekke ('trouble talk') in isiZulu ondersoek. Daar is bevind dat sommige advies situasies meer onderwerpe as ander het. Die situasie met meer advies onderwerpe, is die persoonlike situasie. Die rede hiervoor is dat mense altyd meer gretig is om advies te gee aan ander mense met persoonlike probleme as aan mense met ander tipes probleme. Die situasies met die minste getalonderwerpe is 'mishandeling' en 'onderwysers' omdat dit baie sensitiewe onderwerpe is. Die studie bevind dat sensitiwiteit spruit uit die teenwoordigheid van 'n derde party se betrokkenheid. Mense blyk onwillig te wees om advies te gee wat mag lei tot konfrontasie tussen die partye betrokke. In hierdie navorsing, is die betrokke partye leerders, enersyds, en ouers of onderwysers, andersyds. 'n Verdere faktor is dat mense nie wil sien dat 'n ouer wat 'n kind mishandel na die gevangenis gaan nie, of dat 'n onderwyser wat nie van 'n spesifieke kind hou sy/haar werk verloor, weens die advies wat hulle aan die leerders gee nie.

No description available.

M.A. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the suffixal morphemes of Zulu nouns, and to describe them according to their formal, semantic and syntagmatic features. After making a study of the status of the morpheme within the word morphology according to general linguistic principles, an outline is given in chapter 1, of prefixal morphemes which occur in Zulu nouns as well as of questionable suffixal morphemes investigated during this study ...

This study has been an attempt to clarify a number of basic problems regarding the phenomena of Language Variation and their implications for linguistic usage. The data were collected in the GDA. Very little has been done on Language Variation in Zulu owing to lack of interest in Sociolinguistics in the middle of this century. A study of this nature is imperative because language planners have to design policies for the Government of National Unity in South Africa.There are two very important aspects to National Language Policies. These comprise the ideological aspect, which is concerned with mobilising the nation's sentiments and attitudes towards the acceptance and use of selected speech forms. The second aspect involves the technical side, which looks at the practical elements which are concerned with the problems of implementing the ideology (Whiteley 1963: 150). In order to fulfill the foregoing ideals, we had to look for applicable aims and objectives of Language Variation. The main objectives were: (a) to identify at least seven domains where different language varieties were employed in the Black Durban speech community; (b) to investigate the social attitude of the Black Durban speech community towards CCR's; (c) to trace the origin of and development of the non-standard varieties which are employed by the Black Durban speech community; (d) To investigate the impact of CCR's on the economy, and social conditions prevailing in the GDA. In order to achieve the foregoing objectives, the term 'Language Variation' and its dynamics had to be clarified. Empirical studies on research methodologies had to be resorted to in order to give a sound base to the theoretical framework. A number of theories were explored and they were found to be applicable to Contemporary Codes and Registers employed by the Black Durban speech community. These comprised speech accommodation, cognitive uncertainty, affective reinforcement, gain-loss, social identity, functionalist and interactionist theories. In order to test these theories, I resorted to ethnomethodological and ethnographic approaches to empirical research. The choice of these approaches was to capture data on CCR's in the most objective and valid manner. The next step was to take a deep plunge into field work. I became a participant observer in a number of domains around the Durban Metropolitan area. Interviews with prominent Zulu speakers were also conducted in order to obtain their input towards CCR's. The research was conducted in seven Black townships, situated in the GDA. In addition to this, research was conducted in Westville prison, transportation modes, hospitals, streets, taverns, educational units, and in soccer clubs. I entered the aforementioned domains as a 'friend of a friend' a lecturer, or an ex-class teacher in order to become a participant observer in various activities of the Black Durban speech communities. In addition to this, written questionnaires were administered and answered by respondents. The aim of the questionnaire survey was to measure the magnitude of linguistic transformations in the GDA. Another aim was to capture the attitude of the Black Durban speech community towards non-standard varieties of Zulu. Interviews were also conducted for the same purpose. Checklists were also resorted to in order to secure valid and objective information. The collection and analysis of data alone was not adequate in accounting for Language Variation. Bokamba, (1988:21) mentions that we need data on the communicative behaviour of speakers - the whys and how's of ..... [Language Valiation]. A description of the social context of CCR's as observed in the Black speech community of the GDA was exposed. This involved a presentation of the origins and development of linguistic CR's used in the GDA. CR's included slang, Tsotsitaal/isiLovasi, jargon, borrowing, interlarding, neologisms, which were covered under the term CCR's. The linguistic make up, characteristics and classification of CCR's were also carried out. I had to identify the speakers of CCR's in the various targeted domains, where they are employed, as well as the topics which are normally discussed by the interlocutors. Socio-psychological functions of CCR's as spoken in the targeted areas were uncovered. It was revealed that CCR's entail elaborate and rich linguistic forms. They incorporate everyday situations thus recording the activities of people at a particular era in the history of mankind. At least 75% of the 800 collected lexical items which were regarded as non-standard and filtered talk were found to be known and used by most Black Durban speakers. School children were found to have carried these CCR's to the classroom situation where they were penalised for employing them. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1995.

M. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages) / The purpose of this study is to supplement existing morphological and semantic descriptions of deverbative nouns in Zulu and systematically, to describe all relevant facts. The introductory chapter comprises an exposition of the problem and a survey of existing literature and viewpoints concerning deverbatives in the Bantu languages. A definition of the deverbative noun is also formulated. In chapter two deverbative endings are investigated with regard to their formal and semantic characteristics, distribution and their morphemic status. With regard to the five endings only four morphemes are distinguished, the fifth being an allomorph of one of these. Chapter three comprises an investigation of deverbative nouns with reference to their meanings and the noun classes in which they appear. Deverbatives were found in all classes with the exception of the locative classes and with a relatively sporadic occurrence in classes 11 and 14. In general the semantic features of deverbative nouns in a specific class correspond with those of other nouns in the same class, although differences also occur. Infinitive forms (class 15) appeared to have special features. In chapter four deverbative nouns which are derived from verb stems with verbal suffixes, are discussed. All verbal suffixes occur in deverbative nouns and this appears to be a general phenomenon. Research was also done to investigate whether the semantic value of a specific verbal suffix is retained in deverbatives. It appears that the semantic aspects concerned are mostly retained in the formation of deverbatives. In chapter five non-nominal deverbatives are investigated especially with regard to the great degree of similarity between ideophones and verbal stems. The conclusion was drawn that non-nominal- deverbatives in Zulu are mostly ideophones. The general tendency appears to be that ideophones are derived from a verb stem with the (often abbreviated) ideophone retaining the semantic characteristics of the corresponding verb stem.

Zulu is a language of the Nguni group of the South-Eastern Zone of Bantu languages and is spoken by approximately 5 400 000 people. As far back as 1848, the Zulu language was investigated by a missionary of the American Board in Natal, James C. Bryant. In that year his ideas on the language were put on paper under the title, The Zulu Language, and this valuable contribution of some 13 pages was published in the following year in the Journal of the Oriental Society . Bryant's work heralded the beginning of a tradition of analysis in Zulu that was to capture the interest of a number of investigators over a period stretching up until the present day.

M.A. / The purpose of this research is fourfold, namely to identify the different types of interrogative sentences used in Zulu; to describe the syntactic-semantic features of interrogative sentences; to point at the semantic interpretation which might be attached to specific syntactic interrogative sentences and to establish the pragmatic use of interrogative sentences. In the course of this study it became evident that the interpretation of interrogative sentences is bound to the pragmatic discourse context ...