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The work addresses an important question of whether a discontinuity in wall curvature can cause boundary layer separation at transonic speeds. Firstly an inviscid transonic flow in the vicinity of a curvature break is analysed. Depending on the ratio of the curvatures, several physically different regimes can exist, including a special type of supersonic flows which decelerate to subsonic speeds without a shock wave, transonic Prandtl-Meyer flow and supersonic flows with a weak shock. It is shown that if the flow can be extended beyond the limiting characteristic, it subsequently develops a shock wave. As a consequence, a fundamental link between the local and the global flow patterns is observed in our problem. From an asymptotic analysis of the Karman-Guderley equation it follows that the curvature discontinuity leads to singular pressure gradients upstream and downstream of the break point. To find these gradients, we perform computations and employ both the hodograph method and the phase portrait technique. The focus is then turned to analysing how the given pressure distribution affects the boundary layer. It is demonstrated that the singular pressure gradient, which appears to be proportional to the inverse cubic root of the distance form the curvature break, corresponds to a special resonant case for the boundary layer upstream of the singularity. Consequently, the boundary layer approaches the interaction region in a pre-separated form. This changes the background on which the viscous-inviscid interaction develops, allowing to construct an asymptotic theory of the incipient viscous-inviscid interaction for our particular problem. The analysis of the interaction which takes place near a weak curvature discontinuity leads to a typical three-tier structure. It appears to be possible to obtain analytical solutions in all the tiers of the triple deck when the curvature break is small. As a result, the interaction equation may be derived in a closed form. The analytical solution of the interaction equation reveals a local minimum in the skin friction distribution, suggesting that a local recirculation zone can develop near the curvature break. In fact, the recirculation zone is formed when the ratio of the curvatures is represented as a series based on negative powers of the logarithm of the Reynolds number. This proves that a discontinuity in wall curvature does evoke boundary layer separation at transonic speeds. The result is fundamentally different from the effect of a curvature break at subsonic and supersonic speeds, as no separation takes place in these two regimes (Messiter & Hu 1975).

Lakes represent a major topographic feature in southern Manitoba, having a direct meteorological influence on a number of communities, including Winnipeg. Therefore, it is crucial that we have an understanding of the characteristics of lake breezes in the region and the influence that they can have on local weather. The Effects of Lake Breezes on Weather in Manitoba (ELBOW-MB) project in 2013 sought to fill in the gaps in our current knowledge of lake breezes in southern Manitoba. The primary research objectives of this thesis are to: (1) provide a radar-based climatology of lake breeze frequency and characteristics and, (2) to characterize the detailed thermodynamic and kinematic properties of lake breezes and lake-breeze fronts. The two results papers presented within this thesis represent the first detailed analysis of lake breezes in southern Manitoba and help to fill important gaps in our knowledge about the occurrence and characteristics of lake-breeze circulations. / February 2016

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / One of the major problems with a Limited Area Model is the introduction of error from the lateral boundaries. The boundary condition provides a source of forcing to the interior of the model. This forcing typically originates from a global model such as NOGAPS. The transition at the boundary from one model to another invariably produces errors. Traditionally, the way to minimize boundary error is to move the boundary as far away from the area of interest as possible. In this way, the errors do not have time to infest the LAM with "bad" information. Moving the boundary far away from the area of interest increases the computational forecast load and decreases its timeliness. This study looks at how close the lateral boundary can be to minimize computational time and still maintain a forecast that is useful. It was found that when the entire inner COAMPS nest was analyzed, the differences between the control forecast and the test forecast where within the natural variability of the control grid. It was also found that there where localized areas within the model domain that differed between the control domain and the test domain by up to 20 mb for the sea level pressure after a six day forecast. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

This thesis examines how science is constructed in relation to the UFO-movement. More specifically, it examines how the Swedish UFO organisation UFO-Sverige (UFO-Sweden) has changed when it, during the years of 1970-1996, adopted scientific ambitions. At its origin UFO-Sverige was based on values associated with the New Age movement, eventually they started to embrace more scientific methods. It is the meeting between ufology and science within UFO-Sverige that is examined in this thesis. The theoretical basis is Thomas Gieryns concept of boundary-work. The concept of boundary-work is based on the notion that science is constructed in relation to non-science. It is when science is separated from non-science that the conditions for what is considered as science are determined. The conditions of science are therefore dependant on the context of the situation in which it is separated from non-science. The change in UFO-Sverige is in the thesis examined through its organisational statutes and articles from the organisations paper. Furthermore, a debate between UFO-Sverige and the sceptical organisation Vetenskap och Folkbildning (Science and the People’s Education), VoF, is analysed. The thesis concludes that in their transition UFO-Sverige is using the notion of unbiased, the possibility to document, and critical thinking as reference for their scientific validity. They have shifted their view on what is considered as rational to base their knowledge production on, from personal experience to observable evidence. Through the study of the debate between UFO-Sverige and VoF different views on how science should relate to unexplained phenomenon has emerged. VoF consider the probability of a new discovery prior an examination of an unexplained phenomenon. UFO-Sverige instead claims that you cannot determine the credibility of relevant findings before the phenomenon in questionis examined. The thesis also concludes that because UFO-Sverige is constructed as an Other to science, to which the identity of science is dependent upon, it won’t be accepted as valid science, even if they try to adapt to scientific terms. There is almost always a way to find something unscientific in their construction, and by doing so VoF can keep UFO-Sverige as their Other.

Sexual attraction (SA), as well as sexual (SBVs) and nonsexual boundary violations (NSBVs), have been identified as matters of ethical concern, being viewed as harmful within mental health or counseling relationships. Much of the literature in the area of SA and SBVs has focused on the counselor-client relationship, but it has been investigated only minimally in the field of sport psychology and specifically with regard to sport psychology professionals (SPPs). Because SA, SBVs, and NSBVs between SPPs and their client-athletes seem to be potentially problematic concerns in need of empirical investigation and practical scrutiny, the aim of this study was to examine: (a) the incidence of SBV and NSBV beliefs and behaviors among SPPs; (b) SPPs' feelings regarding SA for and from client-athletes; and (c) SPPs' willingness to seek supervision to manage their SA beliefs and behaviors towards client-athletes. SPPs (n = 365) completed the Survey of Applied Sport Psychologists (SASP) via e-mail or regular mail. As expected, SPPs experienced SA (40.6%) and generally did not experience strong feelings as a result of the SA. However, of the SPPs experiencing SA, 13.5% of males and 13.8% of females engaged in a SBV with a client-athlete. NSBV behaviors and beliefs are also reported. Chi-squared analyses revealed male SPPs engaged in nonsexual touching with their client-athletes more frequently than female SPPs. T-tests suggested ethically trained SPPs were more likely to seek supervision as a result of SA and view certain NSBVs as good professional behavior in comparison to non-ethically trained SPPs. Appropriate supervision and ethical training for SPPs experiencing SA could be helpful in the management of potential future SBV or NSBV behaviors. Implications for SPPs working with athletes, limitations of the present study, and recommendations for future research are discussed.

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