Fluorinated stationary phase in Rtx-200MS column have been characterized by determination of system constants of Abraham equation. Retention on this phase is driven by dispersive and orientation/induction forces. Significant interaction contribution of lone pair electrons or π- electrons provides unique selectivity for analytes with excess of electron density. Unusual behavior of this phase have been determined by study of separation mechanism of polar and nonpolar analytes, in comparison of their separation on polar and nonpolar phases. This behavior is due to medium polarity of the phase (system constant s), which is not so pronounced to cancel separation of nonpolar analytes due to induction forces. In some cases contribution of lone pair electrons or π-electrons can contribute to this separations. Key words fluorinated stationary phase Rtx-200MS, inverse gas chromatography, LFER method, Abraham's equation

This study examines primary school teachers approach towards the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The aim is to make a contribution to the academic discussion of the advantages and disadvantages when teachers emphasize differences or similarities between these religions. In addition, the study highlights the importance of religious education for the promotion of social unity. Also the topic of morality in a society, whether it can strengthen or not the consensus regarding fundamental values, norms and goals. The study is based on a survey of 22 questions in three key areas: Background facts, Lesson planning and teaching, alongside The importance of religion education for individuals and society. The survey was answered by 124 teachers of religion at primary school. Additionally five pedagogical plans from the same selection group have been studied. The results are both quantitative and qualitative. The study rests on the assertion that Abraham's children is a tool that can teach the common history of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Previous research shows different positions using Abraham's children as a pedagogical concept. The vast majority amongst the participants of the study consider it to be of great importance to show the similarities of religions. As a result they also believe that it has the opportunity to promote social togetherness in a positive direction. Looking at the result through Émile Durheim's theory of social solidarity, this clarifies that an individual as a subject is not the same when part of a collective. Social development will arise when people gather as a group. / Denna studie undersöker hur lärare på låg- och mellanstadiet hanterar de abrahamitiska religionerna judendomen, kristendomen och islam. Syftet är att lämna ett bidrag till den vetenskapliga diskussionen om för- och nackdelar med att som lärare i religionskunskap främst betona olika religioners olikheter eller likheter. Dessutom belyser studien vilken betydelse religionsundervisningen kan få för främjandet av social sammanhållning och moraluppfattningen i ett samhälle. Det vill säga om den kan stärka samsynen kring grundläggande värden, normer och mål. Studien genomfördes främst med hjälp av en enkät. Denna innehöll 22 frågor uppdelade under de tre rubrikerna Bakgrundsfakta, Lektionsplanering och undervisning, samt Religionsundervisningens betydelse för individ och samhälle. Enkäten besvarades av 124 lärare i religionsämnet på låg- och mellanstadiet. Som komplement har fem pedagogiska planeringar från samma urvalsgrupp studerats. Resultaten är både kvantitativa och kvalitativa. Studien tar avstamp i uttrycket Abrahams barn som ett verktyg för att visa på judendomens, kristendomens och islams gemensamma historia. Inom tidigare forskning finns två konkurrerande uppfattningar om Abrahams barn som pedagogiskt koncept. De allra flesta som deltog i studien anser det vara av stor vikt att visa på religionernas likheter. Som en naturlig följd av detta anser de även att religionsämnet har stor möjlighet att främja den sociala sammanhållningen i positiv riktning. Genom att se resultatet genom Émile Durheims teori om social sammanhållning tydliggörs att en individ som solitär inte är densamma när den ingår i ett kollektiv. När människor samlas i grupp uppstår det sociala fenomen.

Nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse à un aspect assez peu documenté de l'histoire de la théorie de la relativité restreinte, la recherche d'une vérification expérimentale de ses prédictions sur la variation de l'inertie en fonction de leur vitesse. Nous complétons les études historiques antérieures sur les expériences de Kaufmann (1906) et de Bucherer (1908), et montrons que la vérification de la formule de Lorentz-Einstein constitue encore un enjeu expérimental après 1911. Nous étudions plus particulièrement les recherches dirigées par Charles-Eugène Guye en collaboration avec ses étudiants Simon Ratnowsky (1907-1910) et Charles Lavanchy (1913-1915). Nous montrons que la seconde phase de ce travail est très largement considérée dans les années 1920 comme la vérifiation expérimentale la plus précise de la formule de Lorentz-Einstein. Nous utilisons la méthode de réplication, appliquée à l'expérience de Guye et Lavanchy. La très grande maîtrise de l'émission cathodique, associée à une méthode d'investigation spécifique, leur permet de surmonter toutes les difficultés identifiées alors comme préjudiciables au succès de ce type d'expérience. / We focus on an aspect of the history of special relativity theory that has not received much attention yet, namely the search for an experimental verification of the relativistic velocity dependency of inertia. Former historical studies on Kaufmann's 1906 and Bucherer's 1908 experiments are pursued. It is shown that verifying Lorentz-Einstein's formula is still a challenge after 1911. We concentrate here on Charles-Eugène Guye's works with students Simon Ratnowsky (1907-1910) and Charles Lavanchy (1913-1915). The second experiment is shown to be considered as the most precise verification of Lorentz-Einstein's formula by a large number of 1920s physicists. The replication method is used to probe Guye and Lavanchy's experiment. They are able to solve every then known difficulty in successfully performing such an experiment, through a great mastership of the crucial issue of cathode ray emission, together with a specific investigation method.