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Orientador: Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues Pietro / Banca: Lourdes Campaner dos Santos / Banca: Nara Amélia de Rosa Farias / Banca: Maria Izabel Souza Camargo / Banca: Ary Fernandes Junior / Resumo: O carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus é a espécie de maior disseminação mundial e está comprovadamente envolvido na transmissão de agentes patogênicos. Estudos têm demonstrado aquisição de resistência a alguns dos princípios ativos usados em formulações comerciais de acaricidas. Neste trabalho, utilizando-se extrato etanólico 70% (PAEtOH70%) e óleo essencial (OE) de partes aéreas de Tagetes patula, avaliamos a ação carrapaticida in vitro contra os diversos estágios de desenvolvimento no ciclo de vida do ixodídeo R. sanguineus. Na concentração de 50,0 mg/mL, PAEtOH70% diminuiu a oviposição em 21,5%, eliminou 99,8% das larvas e destruiu 96,5% dos ovos. O OE a 4% inibiu a oviposição em 33,94%. Apesar da baixa taxa de mortalidade de fêmeas adultas ingurgitadas, análises microscópicas da estrutura dos ovários revelaram importantes alterações morfológicas na estrutura dos ovócitos II-V e células do pedicelo, interferindo diretamente na embriogênese normal, prejudicando ou inviabilizando a formação de larvas sadias. Para garantir o uso seguro em uma possível formulação, avaliamos a atividade citotóxica de PAEtOH70% e do OE frente a macrófagos murinos, obtendo-se IC50 de 210,9 µg/mL e IC50 de 0,04%, respectivamente. O extrato foi caracterizado fitoquimicamente por HPLC-EM, tendo sido identificados 12 favonóides O-glicosilados. O óleo foi caracterizado fitoquimicamente por CG-EM, revelando a presença de 55 compostos, sendo os principais o 4-vinil-guaiacol e o gama-terpineno. Quanto aos ensaios antimicrobianos, o extrato PAEtOH70% não inibiu o crescimento de B. bassiana e M. anisopliae (CIMs > 1250,0 µg/mL) e apresentou a melhor ação contra T. rubrum e T. rubrum (FOC) (312,5 e 468,75 µg/mL, respectivamente) / Abstract: The tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the species most worldwide spread and is proven to be involved in the transmission of pathogens. Studies have shown acquisition of resistance to some of the active ingredients used in commercial formulations of acaricides. In this study, using 70% ethanol extract (PAEtOH70%) and essential oil (EO) from aerial parts of Tagetes patula, we evaluated the in vitro acaricide action against various developmental stages in the life cycle of ixodid R. sanguineus. At the concentration of 50.0 mg/mL, PAEtOH70% decreased the oviposition by 21.5%, eliminated 99.8% of the larvae and destroyed 96.5% of the eggs. The OE 4% inhibited oviposition in 33.94%. Despite the low mortality rate of engorged adult females, microscopic analysis of the structure of the ovaries showed significant morphological changes in the structure of II-V oocytes and cells of pedicel, interfering directly in normal embryogenesis, impairing or invalidating the formation of healthy larvae. To ensure safe use in a possible formulation, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity of PAEtOH70% and OE against murine macrophages, yielding IC50 of 210.9 mg/mL and IC50 of 0.04%, respectively. The extract was phytochemically characterized by HPLC-MS and was identified 12 flavonoids O-glycosylated. The oil was phytochemically characterized by GC-MS, revealing the presence of 55 compounds, the main ones being the 4-vinyl guaiacol and gamma-terpinene. Regarding antimicrobial assays, the extract PAEtOH70% did not inhibit growth of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae (MICs > 1250.0 mg/mL) and showed the best activity against T. rubrum and T. rubrum (FOC) (312.5 and 468.75 mg/mL, respectively) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:03:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 politi_fas_dr_arafcf.pdf: 1790424 bytes, checksum: 674d81bbf9bbed74ea04e20c4278b4af (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus é a espécie de maior disseminação mundial e está comprovadamente envolvido na transmissão de agentes patogênicos. Estudos têm demonstrado aquisição de resistência a alguns dos princípios ativos usados em formulações comerciais de acaricidas. Neste trabalho, utilizando-se extrato etanólico 70% (PAEtOH70%) e óleo essencial (OE) de partes aéreas de Tagetes patula, avaliamos a ação carrapaticida in vitro contra os diversos estágios de desenvolvimento no ciclo de vida do ixodídeo R. sanguineus. Na concentração de 50,0 mg/mL, PAEtOH70% diminuiu a oviposição em 21,5%, eliminou 99,8% das larvas e destruiu 96,5% dos ovos. O OE a 4% inibiu a oviposição em 33,94%. Apesar da baixa taxa de mortalidade de fêmeas adultas ingurgitadas, análises microscópicas da estrutura dos ovários revelaram importantes alterações morfológicas na estrutura dos ovócitos II-V e células do pedicelo, interferindo diretamente na embriogênese normal, prejudicando ou inviabilizando a formação de larvas sadias. Para garantir o uso seguro em uma possível formulação, avaliamos a atividade citotóxica de PAEtOH70% e do OE frente a macrófagos murinos, obtendo-se IC50 de 210,9 µg/mL e IC50 de 0,04%, respectivamente. O extrato foi caracterizado fitoquimicamente por HPLC-EM, tendo sido identificados 12 favonóides O-glicosilados. O óleo foi caracterizado fitoquimicamente por CG-EM, revelando a presença de 55 compostos, sendo os principais o 4-vinil-guaiacol e o gama-terpineno. Quanto aos ensaios antimicrobianos, o extrato PAEtOH70% não inibiu o crescimento de B. bassiana e M. anisopliae (CIMs > 1250,0 µg/mL) e apresentou a melhor ação contra T. rubrum e T. rubrum (FOC) (312,5 e 468,75 µg/mL, respectivamente) / The tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the species most worldwide spread and is proven to be involved in the transmission of pathogens. Studies have shown acquisition of resistance to some of the active ingredients used in commercial formulations of acaricides. In this study, using 70% ethanol extract (PAEtOH70%) and essential oil (EO) from aerial parts of Tagetes patula, we evaluated the in vitro acaricide action against various developmental stages in the life cycle of ixodid R. sanguineus. At the concentration of 50.0 mg/mL, PAEtOH70% decreased the oviposition by 21.5%, eliminated 99.8% of the larvae and destroyed 96.5% of the eggs. The OE 4% inhibited oviposition in 33.94%. Despite the low mortality rate of engorged adult females, microscopic analysis of the structure of the ovaries showed significant morphological changes in the structure of II-V oocytes and cells of pedicel, interfering directly in normal embryogenesis, impairing or invalidating the formation of healthy larvae. To ensure safe use in a possible formulation, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity of PAEtOH70% and OE against murine macrophages, yielding IC50 of 210.9 mg/mL and IC50 of 0.04%, respectively. The extract was phytochemically characterized by HPLC-MS and was identified 12 flavonoids O-glycosylated. The oil was phytochemically characterized by GC-MS, revealing the presence of 55 compounds, the main ones being the 4-vinyl guaiacol and gamma-terpinene. Regarding antimicrobial assays, the extract PAEtOH70% did not inhibit growth of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae (MICs > 1250.0 mg/mL) and showed the best activity against T. rubrum and T. rubrum (FOC) (312.5 and 468.75 mg/mL, respectively)

Thèse d'exercice : Pharmacie : Nantes : 2007. / Bibliogr.

The control of ticks on cattle has long been a matter of prime importance to stock owners over most of the intensive natural grazing areas in the Southern Hemisphere. The only practical method of dealing with the cattle tick problem in the short term is by treating the infected bovine host with ixodicides i. e. by chemical control. This can be achieved by either plunging the cattle into a dip tank containing aqueous suspensions or emulsions of the ixodicide or by spraying them with dip suspensions in a spray race.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1958 Y8

Most management tactics for Tetranychus urticae (TSSM) rely upon applying acaricides. Multiple applications are required, which impact natural enemies. Growers will benefit from a more complete understanding of acaricide toxicity. My objectives were to determine: 1.) stage-specific direct and residual efficacy of three acaricides to TSSM; 2) direct and residual toxicity of these acaricides to O. insidiosus; 3) the functional response of O. insidiosus to mobile and egg stages of TSSM, in laboratory and greenhouse studies; 4) the abundance of O. insidiosus relative to TSSM densities in peanut. Direct toxicity of three acaricides to TSSM was measured on peanut cuttings. All acaricides caused significant mortality, however; mortality did not differ among the acaricides. Residual toxicities against TSSM were not found to be toxic compared with untreated controls 24 and 72 hours after treatment. When acaricide toxicity to eggs was tested, the hatch rate for all treatments was significantly lower than the control hatch rate. Direct toxicity of the acaricides was tested against O. insidiosus. Fenpropathrin and propargite caused 100% mortality and etoxazole resulted in mortality > 50%. Residual toxicity of acaricides to O. insidiosus adults varied. Fourteen days after treatment, fenpropathrin left residues highly toxic to O. insidiosus. In laboratory studies, the functional response of O. insidiosus to TSSM eggs resulted in a Type III response whereas the functional response to adults was Type II. The data suggest either a Type II or linear response in greenhouse studies. A definitive conclusion cannot be drawn because of the sample size. / Master of Science