Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1989. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 108-122).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, March, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 240-246)

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-76).

The FONT beam-based, intra-train feedback system has been designed to provide beam position stabilisation in single-pass accelerators. A FONT feedback system utilising position information from three high-resolution cavity beam position monitors (BPMs) has been commissioned at the interaction point (IP) of the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) at KEK, Japan. The ultimate goal of the feedback in the IP region is to stabilise the low-emittance electron beam to the nanometre level. The operation, optimisation and resolution performance of this IP system forms the subject of this thesis. The IP feedback system makes use of beam position measurements from the BPMs to drive an upstream kicker and provide a local correction. The BPMs have a fast decay time of ~25 ns to allow bunches within the beam train to be resolved. The operation of the IP BPMs, the noise floor, and position sensitivity to phase are discussed in detail. Attempts are made to diagnose an unwanted ~60 MHz oscillation in the cavity signals, which is bunch charge-dependent and thus likely beam generated. The BPM resolution estimate was notably improved from 50 nm to 20 nm using waveform integration in analysis of the BPM signals. A multi-parameter fit was used to address inaccurate calibrations and charge-dependencies to achieve more consistent resolution performance and produce a best-ever resolution estimate for the BPMs of 17.5 ± 0.4 nm. A novel mode of IP beam position stabilisation using two BPMs as input to the feedback has been successfully demonstrated. The beam position was stabilised to 57 ± 4 nm, as measured at an independent BPM. Feedback performance was improved to this level by sampling the waveform to optimise bunch-to-bunch correlation. Analysis suggests correction capability could be enhanced by firmware waveform integration to achieve a measurable beam stabilisation of ~40 nm in the future.

The FONT beam-based, intra-train feedback system has been designed to provide beam stability at single-pass accelerators, such as at the interaction point (IP) of the International Linear Collider. Two FONT feedback systems have been commissioned at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK, Japan, and the operation, optimisation and performance of these systems is the subject of this thesis. For each system, the accelerator is operated with two-bunch trains with a bunch separation of around 200 ns, allowing the first bunch to be measured and the second bunch to be subsequently corrected. The first system consists of a coupled-loop system in which two stripline beam position monitors (BPMs) are used to characterise the incoming beam position and angle, and two kickers are used to stabilise the beam. A BPM resolution of about 300 nm has been measured. On operating the feedback system, a factor ~ 3 reduction in position jitter has been demonstrated at the feedback BPMs and the successful propagation of this correction to a witness BPM located 30 m downstream has been confirmed. The second system makes use of a beam position measurement at the ATF IP that is used to drive a kicker to provide a local correction. The measurement is performed using a high-resolution cavity BPM with a fast decay time of around 20 ns designed to allow multiple bunches to be resolved. The linearity of the cavity BPM system and the noise floor of the electronics are discussed in detail. The performance of the BPM system under standard ATF operation and with the beam waist at the BPM is described. A BPM resolution of about 50 nm has been measured. This IP feedback system has been used to stabilise the beam position to the 75 nm level.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Thesis (Masters Diploma (Technology) Cape Technikon, 1988 / Radioactivity and radioactive radiation are two scientific phenomena which man has always approached with great caution, if not fear. Radioactive radiation cannot be sensed by any of the human senses and experience has proved just how hazardous it can be to the human body. This caution is therefore by no means unfounded and through the years a set of standards has been derived as to what can be regarded as a safe dose to the human body. At the National Accelerator Centre radioisotopes are being produced by a chemical recovery process from targets which have been irradiated by a high energy proton beam. Targets are prepared by compressing salts, containing the elements to become radioisotopes, into tablets. The high energy protons collide with particles in the targets which give off radioactive radiation. The targets in their turn become radioactive and the isotopes that are produced from these targets are radioactive. The level of radioactive radiation is extremely hazardous and it is therefore impossible for any human being to come into close contact with any of the targets or isotopes. It is for these reasons that an electrical rail transport system was installed at the National Accelerator Centre to transport highly radioactive sources. The transport system links the two irradiation vaults to the two rows of hot cells, where the chemical recovery takes place, and to a well shielded storage area for storage of isotopes and radioactive waste. A transport system, performing tasks of this nature, must be, above all, extremely reliable. Secondly, commands entered by an operator to control the system, must be simple and straight forward. This thesis describes the control of the transport system at the National Accelerator Centre, including alI of its features, advantages and disadvantages.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:34:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Os aceleradores lineares representam a mais importante, prática e versátil produtores de raios-X de alta energia em radioterapia. O comportamento funcional destes equipamentos pode variar devido a defeitos eletrônicos, falhas de componentes ou rupturas mecânicas, ou então podem variar devido ao deterioramento e envelhecimento de seus componentes. A manutenção da qualidade dos tratamentos depende essencialmente da estabilidade dos aceleradores e do controle de qualidade das instituições para monitorar desvios nos parâmetros do feixe. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em avaliar e analisar a estabilidade do fator de calibração dos aceleradores lineares, bem como os demais parâmetros dosimétricos normalmente incluídos em um programa de controle de qualidade em radioterapia. A média dos fatores de calibração dos aceleradores para o período de aproximadamente quatro anos para os Clinacs 600C e 6EX foram (0,998 ± 0,012) e (0,996 ± 0,014), respectivamente. Para o Clinac 2100CD de 6 MV e 15 MV foi (1,008 ± 0,009) e (1,006 ± 0,010), respectivamente, em um período de aproximadamente quatro anos. Através de análises estatísticas nos três aceleradores lineares verificou-se que os coeficientes de variação dos fatores de calibração apresentaram valores inferiores a 2% o que mostra uma homogeneidade nos dados. Através do cálculo da distribuição normal dos fatores de calibração, verificou-se que para os Clinacs 600C e 2100CD, é esperada uma probabilidade de que em mais de 90% dos casos os valores estejam dentro dos limites aceitáveis segundo o protocolo TG-142, enquanto que para o Clinac 6EX é esperado em torno de 85% uma vez que esse acelerador apresentou diversas trocas de componentes. Os valores do TPR20,10 dos três aceleradores são praticamente constantes e dentro dos limites aceitáveis segundo o protocolo TG-142. Pode-se concluir que um estudo detalhado dos dados do fator de calibração dos aceleradores e do TPR20,10 a partir de um ponto de vista quantitativo, é extremamente útil em um programa de garantia de qualidade. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Beams of polarized protons play an important part in the study of the spin dependence of the nuclear force by measuring the analyzing power in nuclear reactions. The source at iThemba LABS produces a beam of polarized protons that is pre-accelerated by an injector cyclotron (SPC2) to a energy of 8 MeV before acceleration by the main separated-sector cyclotron to 200 MeV for physics research. The polarized ion source is one of the two external ion sources of SPC2. Inside the ion source hydrogen molecules are dissociated into atoms in the dissociator and cooled to a temperature of approximately 30 K in the nozzle. The atoms are polarized by a pair of sextupole magnets and the nucleus is polarized by RF transitions between hyperfine levels in hydrogen atoms. The atoms are then ionized by electrons in the ionizer. The source has various sensitive devices, which influence beam intensity and polarization. Nitrogen gas is used to prevent recombination of atoms after dissociation. The amount of nitrogen and the temperature at which it is used plays a very important role in optimizing the beam current. The number of electrons released in the ionizer is influenced by the size and shape of the filament. Optimization of the source will ensure that beams of better quality (a better current and stability) are produced. / South Africa

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent le développement d'une méthodologie capable d’estimer rapidement les performances d’une architecture MPSoC avec des instructions spécialisées. Pour ces architectures, l’outil proposé intègre une méthodologie de partage des accélérateurs hardwares pour les mêmes motifs de calcul. L’idée est donc de trouver dans les différentes applications parallèles exécutées par les différents processeurs des motifs de calcul communs. Ces motifs seront alors implantés sur le FPGA par un nombre réduit d’accélérateurs partagés entre les processeurs. Grâce à des modèles de programmation mixte, la méthodologie développée est capable de trouver, pour des performances exigés par le concepteur, le nombre optimal d’accélérateurs privés et/ou partagés pour les différents motifs. / No summary in english