It is essential to reuse- and recycles residues to decrease the amount of deposit materials and reach sustainable energy use. Two ways to work towards this is to recycle wood ashes to the forest as nutrient compensation and extract biogas from combustion of biomass. The aim with this study was to decide whether wood ashes that been used for biogas upgrading with accelerated carbonation also can be used as a nutrient compensation in the woods according to recommendations from the Swedish Forest Agency (Skogsstyrelsen). The ashes that were used in this study came from Johan Andersson who works at JTI in Uppsala, who also treated the ashes with biogas. The ashes have, in both untreated and treated condition, been analyzed in this study according to contents of elements, leaching properties, hardening properties and contents of crystalline phases, to evaluate what impact carbonation with biogas has on the ashes. The accelerated carbonation led to hardening of the ash, and decreased amount of CaO- and increased amount of CaCO3. The CO2-uptake also entails a dilution of the elements, and the content of nutrients and trace elements decreases. However the results show an indication of an uptake of S from the biogas to the ash, since the dilution had a smaller impact on S than the rest of the elements. No conclusions could be made according to what affect carbonation has on the leaching properties. This study showed that the ashes from biomass incineration that were analyzed in this study can be used both for biogas upgrading and nutrient compensation in the woods; since the results confirm that the ashes that been treated with biogas fulfills all the limits from the Swedish Forest Agency.

Concrete absorbs carbon dioxide from air by a process called carbonation. The process takes a long time to get substantial results in natural conditions. Because of this an accelerated carbonation method is used. During accelerated carbonation the level of carbon dioxide is much higher than in natural air. The relationship between natural and accelerated carbonation is however not completely confirmed. In this report a first attempt at calibrating a newly constructed accelerator and method for determining carbon dioxide uptake is examined. An investigation on the effect of fly ash on carbonation is also performed. The new method consists of a whole piece of carbonated concrete which is crushed down and analyzed with Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to get the carbon dioxide uptake. It could be determined that the theory concerning the influence of fly ash on the speed of carbonation was consistent with the results, but not on the carbonation uptake. Concerning the new method and the relationship between natural and accelerated carbonation there is a need for further tests before anything can be concluded. Potential sources of errors could be determined, however, and improvements of the method were identified. / Betong tar upp koldioxid ur luften genom en process kallad karbonatisering. Processen tar lång tid för att få tydliga resultat vid naturliga förhållanden.  Därför används accelererande försök där halten koldioxid är mycket högre än i naturlig luft, dock är relationen mellan naturlig och accelererad karbonatisering ej helt fastställd. I denna rapport analyserades ett första försök på kalibrering för en nykonstruerad accelerator och undersökningsmetod för bestämning utav koldioxidupptag samt en undersökning om hur mängden flygaska påverkar karbonatiseringen. Den nya metoden är att en hel bit av karbonatiserad betong krossas ner och behandlas i termogravimetrisk analys (TGA) för att få fram koldioxidupptaget. Det kunde konstateras att teorin angående inverkan utav flygaska på karbonatiseringshastigheten stämde bra överens med resultaten men ej för koldioxidupptaget. Angående den nya metoden och förhållandet mellan naturlig och accelererad karbonatisering behövs mer tester utföras innan något kan bestämmas definitivt. Dock kunde viktiga potentiella felkällor och förbättringar identifieras.