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Deanna Oxender Burgess Recent studies indicate eighteen to fifty-one percent of corporate annual reports contain graphics that distort financial information. Auditors have a responsibility to ensure such graphs are not ma.terially inconsistent with the financial statements (SAS 8). This research determines whether graphical distortion renders graphs ma.terially inconsistent with the financial statements. Material inconsistencies are defined as significant omissions or misstatements that alter the judgments of financial statement readers. Judgments from distorted graphs and tables (financial statement surrogate) are compared to determine the consistency of distorted graphs and financial statements. This comparison is also made for nondistorted graphs. Differences between distorted and nondistorted graphs in their consistency with the financial statements provide a basis for assessing the effects of graphical distortion. If significant differences exist, distorted graphs should be considered materially inconsistent with the financial statements and therefore should not appear in annual reports. Graphical standards established by the American National Standards Institute are used as measures of graphical distortion. A survey of 1989 annual reports is taken to determine the nature and rate of occurrence of graphical distortion. The first phase employs four graphical standards to examine the effects of distortion on financial judgments at the highest level found in the 1989 annual reports. The second phase varies the degree of distortion for one standard to determine the sensitivity of financial judgments to distortion. The experimental task is also varied. Both phases utilize subjects from three financial statement reader groups: accountants, bankers and stockbrokers. The results of the first experiment indicate three of the four graphical standard violations influence judgments. One violation, breaks in the vertical scale, has a larger impact than the others. The second experiment gives sole consideration to this violation within varying distortion levels and task contexts. The results indicate judgments are influenced by distortion regardless of the distortion level or task context, although differences between tasks indicate distortion effects are higher when the task is less demanding. In sum, distorted graphs at various levels and within different task contexts may be considered ma,terially inconsistent with the financial statements and the ref ore should not appear in annual reports.

published_or_final_version / Business / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

by Yip Yiu-Ming. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-36). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / Chapter / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II --- . ACCOUNTING IN THE PRC - PRE OPEN-DOOR POLICY --- p.3 / Funds-based System --- p.3 / Management Accounting --- p.5 / Development of Regulatory Framework --- p.6 / Chapter III. --- ACCOUNTING IN THE PRC - POST OPEN-DOOR POLICY --- p.8 / Phase One (1978-1985) - First Accounting Law --- p.9 / Phase Two (1985-1992) - Accounting for Foreign-Invested Enterprises (FIEs) --- p.10 / Phase Three (1992) - Accounting for Share Enterprises --- p.13 / Phase Four (1993) - Accounting Standards and New Industry-Based Accounting Regulations --- p.16 / Phase Five (1996) - A Full Set of Accounting Standards --- p.18 / Management Accounting --- p.22 / Chapter VI. --- UNDERLYING REASONS FOR THE CHANGES --- p.23 / Framework of Change --- p.23 / Energy of Change - Economic Reform --- p.24 / Change Engine - Accounting Internationalization --- p.25 / Change Agents --- p.27 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSION --- p.33 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.35

by Chow Man Kit, Lee Man Kit, Patrick. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 40). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- THE ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF FINANCIAL REPORTING --- p.2 / Summary --- p.5 / Chapter III. --- HISTORICAL REVIEW AND ACCOUNTING REFORM --- p.7 / Historical Review --- p.7 / Objectives of Accounting --- p.8 / Ideological Influence --- p.8 / Regulatory Framework --- p.9 / Uniform Accounting Systems --- p.10 / Reasons for Accounting Reform --- p.10 / Emergence of Diversified Business Ownership --- p.11 / Establishment of Capital Market --- p.12 / Movement towards a Partial Market Economy --- p.13 / Decentralisation of Economic Administration --- p.14 / Accounting Reform --- p.14 / Modification of Accounting Objectives --- p.15 / Accounting Regulation for Foreign-Affiliated Enterprises --- p.15 / Establishment of an Accounting Legal Framework --- p.16 / Restoration of Auditing System --- p.17 / Setting Auditing Standards --- p.17 / Accounting Internationalisation --- p.18 / Chapter IV. --- ANALYSIS IN INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE --- p.19 / Institutional Change --- p.19 / Private Property Right --- p.21 / Definition --- p.21 / Relevance to Economic and Accounting Reforms --- p.23 / Agency Problem --- p.24 / Theoretical Framework --- p.24 / Public Disclosure --- p.25 / Accounting Standards --- p.26 / Licensing of Professional Accounting Practitioners --- p.26 / Transaction Cost --- p.28 / Definition --- p.28 / Relevance to Accounting Reform --- p.30 / Summary --- p.31 / Chapter V. --- STUDY AREA - VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE --- p.33 / Cost of Capital Reduction --- p.34 / Theoretical Review --- p.34 / Assessment --- p.35 / Legal Cost Reduction --- p.36 / Theoretical Review --- p.35 / Assessment --- p.37 / Chapter VI. --- PERSPECTIVE OF FURTHER DEVELOPMENT --- p.38 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.40

What is being done to stop the increase of accounting scandals and frauds? This study focuses on ethics teaching for accounting students at the undergraduate level. This study asks the question, "have students increased in their use of professional judgement as defined by the AICPA code of Professional Conduct?"