Este estudo teve como objetivos averiguar a dimensão afetiva em pacientes adultos com surdez adquirida, antes e após o uso do implante coclear, indicando a ocorrência de alterações nesta dimensão e investigá-las, especificamente, nas modalidades dos sentimentos egóicos, sentimentos em relação ao próximo, sentimentos de temporalidade e estados de ânimo, antes e após o uso do implante coclear. Participaram 44 adultos de ambos os sexos que realizaram o implante coclear multicanal no Centro de Pesquisas Audiológicas do Hospital de Reabilitação das Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo de Bauru. Concluiu-se que, na vivência da surdez houve um predomínio dos sentimentos negativos e de um clima afetivo de tensão e depressão, levando o sujeito a uma vinculação negativa, de assintonia com o mundo. Por outro lado, na vivência com o implante coclear multicanal houve um predomínio dos sentimentos positivos e de um clima afetivo de tranqüilidade e contentamento, levando o sujeito a uma vinculação positiva, de sintonia com o mundo, indicando a ocorrência de alterações estatisticamente significativas na dimensão afetiva antes e após o uso do implante coclear multicanal. / This study aimed to research the affective dimension in adult patients with acquired deafness, before and after the use of cochlear implant, indicating the occurrence of changes in this dimension and to investigate it, particularly, in the modalities of egoic feelings, feelings towards others, feelings of temporality and states of mind before and after the use of cochlear implant. Forty-four adults of both sexes, who received a cochlear implant at the Centro de Pesquisas Audiológicas of the Hospital de Reabilitação das Anomalias Craniofaciais at Universidade de São Paulo in Bauru, took part in this study. The conclusion was that, during the period of deafness, negative feelings and an affective climate of tension and depression prevailed, leading the subject to a negative vinculation, of assyntony with the world. On the other hand, after the cochlear implant, positive feelings and an affective climate of tranquility and satisfaction prevailed, leading the subject to a positive vinculation, of syntony with the world, indicating the occurrence of statiscally meaningful changes in the affective dimension before and after the use of the cochlear implant.

Este estudo teve como objetivos averiguar a dimensão afetiva em pacientes adultos com surdez adquirida, antes e após o uso do implante coclear, indicando a ocorrência de alterações nesta dimensão e investigá-las, especificamente, nas modalidades dos sentimentos egóicos, sentimentos em relação ao próximo, sentimentos de temporalidade e estados de ânimo, antes e após o uso do implante coclear. Participaram 44 adultos de ambos os sexos que realizaram o implante coclear multicanal no Centro de Pesquisas Audiológicas do Hospital de Reabilitação das Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo de Bauru. Concluiu-se que, na vivência da surdez houve um predomínio dos sentimentos negativos e de um clima afetivo de tensão e depressão, levando o sujeito a uma vinculação negativa, de assintonia com o mundo. Por outro lado, na vivência com o implante coclear multicanal houve um predomínio dos sentimentos positivos e de um clima afetivo de tranqüilidade e contentamento, levando o sujeito a uma vinculação positiva, de sintonia com o mundo, indicando a ocorrência de alterações estatisticamente significativas na dimensão afetiva antes e após o uso do implante coclear multicanal. / This study aimed to research the affective dimension in adult patients with acquired deafness, before and after the use of cochlear implant, indicating the occurrence of changes in this dimension and to investigate it, particularly, in the modalities of egoic feelings, feelings towards others, feelings of temporality and states of mind before and after the use of cochlear implant. Forty-four adults of both sexes, who received a cochlear implant at the Centro de Pesquisas Audiológicas of the Hospital de Reabilitação das Anomalias Craniofaciais at Universidade de São Paulo in Bauru, took part in this study. The conclusion was that, during the period of deafness, negative feelings and an affective climate of tension and depression prevailed, leading the subject to a negative vinculation, of assyntony with the world. On the other hand, after the cochlear implant, positive feelings and an affective climate of tranquility and satisfaction prevailed, leading the subject to a positive vinculation, of syntony with the world, indicating the occurrence of statiscally meaningful changes in the affective dimension before and after the use of the cochlear implant.

Le bénéfice de l’implant cochléaire pour la compréhension de la parole en milieu calme, et même dans certains cas pour des situations auditives complexes telles que les environnements bruyants ou l’écoute de la musique est aujourd’hui connu. Si la compréhension de la parole est nécessaire à la communication, la perception des informations non verbales transmises par la voix de même que des expressions faciales est fondamentale pour interpréter le message d’un interlocuteur. Les capacités de perception des émotions non verbales en cas de surdité neurosensorielle évolutive ont été très peu explorées. Les travaux menés dans cette thèse ont pour objectifs d’évaluer la reconnaissance des émotions non verbales dans les modalités auditive et visuelle afin de mettre en évidence d’éventuelles spécificités chez les adultes présentant une surdité évolutive. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé quatre études comportementales dans lesquelles nous avons comparé leurs performances à celles de sujets contrôles normo-entendants. Nous avons évalué le jugement des émotions portées par la musique, la voix et les visages à partir d’un paradigme expérimental impliquant la reconnaissance de catégories émotionnelles (i.e. joie, peur, tristesse...) et la perception des dimensions de valence et d’éveil de l’émotion exprimée. Les études 1 et 2 ont porté sur la reconnaissance des émotions auditives après implantation cochléaire en examinant tour à tour la reconnaissance des émotions portées par la musique et la reconnaissance de celles portées par la voix. Les études 3 et 4 ont porté sur la reconnaissance des émotions visuelles et, en particulier, des expressions faciales avant et après implantation cochléaire. Les résultats de ces études révèlent l’existence d’un déficit de reconnaissance des émotions plus marqué dans le domaine musical et vocal que facial. Il apparaît aussi une perturbation des jugements d'éveil, les stimuli étant perçus moins excitants par les patients que par les normo-entendants. Toutefois, la reconnaissance des voix et des musiques, bien que limitée, était supérieure au niveau du hasard démontrant les bénéfices de l'implant cochléaire pour le traitement des émotions auditives. En revanche, quelle que soit la modalité étudiée, les jugements de valence n'étaient pas altérés. De manière surprenante, les données de ces recherches suggèrent de plus que, chez une partie des patients testés, la reconnaissance des émotions faciales peut être affectée par la survenue d'une surdité évolutive suggérant les conséquences de la perte auditive sur le traitement des émotions présentées dans une autre modalité. En conclusion, il semblerait que la surdité, de même que l'insuffisance d’informations spectrales transmises par l’implant cochléaire, favorisent l'utilisation de la communication verbale au détriment de la communication non verbale. / While cochlear implantation is quite successful in restoring speech comprehension in quiet environments other auditory tasks, such as communication in noisy environments or music perception remain very challenging for cochlear implant (CI) users. Communication involves multimodal perception since information is transmitted by vocal and facial expressions which are crucial to interpret speaker’s emotional state. Indeed, very few studies have examined perception of non verbal emotions in case of progressive neurosensorial hearing loss in adults. The aim of this thesis was to test the influence of rehabilitation by CI after acquired deafness on emotional judgment of musical excerpts and in non verbal voices. We also examined the influence of acquired post-lingual progressive deafness on emotional judgment of faces. For this purpose, we conducted four experimental studies in which performances of deaf and cochlear implanted subjects were compared to those of normal hearing controls. To assess emotional judgment in music, voices and faces, we used a task that consisted of emotional categories identification (happiness, fear, anger or peacefulness for music and neutral) and dimensional judgment of valence and arousal. The first two studies evaluated emotional perception in auditory modality by successively examining recognition of emotions in music and voices. The two following studies focused on emotion recognition in visual modality, particularly on emotional facial expressions before and after cochlear implantation. Results of these studies revealed greater deficits in emotion recognition in the musical and vocal than visual domains as well as a disturbance of arousal judgments, stimuli being perceived less exciting by CI patients as compared to NH subjects. Yet, recognition of emotions in music and voices, although limited, was performed above chance level demonstrating CI benefits for auditory emotions processing. Conversely, valence judgments were not impaired in music, vocal and facial emotional tests. Surprisingly, results of these studies suggest that, at least for a sub-group of patients, recognition of facial emotions is affected by acquired deafness indicating the consequences of progressive hearing loss in processing emotion presented in another modality. Thus, it seems that progressive deafness as well as the lack of spectral cues transmitted by the cochlear implant might foster verbal communication to the detriment of the non verbal emotional communication.