Nowadays, there is a growing demand for reliable assets security and management in various industries. The company SolarWave is eager to implement a comprehensive security system to produce active protection for their expensive product: solar panels. This security system is not only including assets tracking, monitoring but also combined with a control system, which is used to binary control a switch of solar panel to be on in presence of the correct ID and off in absence of the correct ID. One of the technologies that made this concept viable is known as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The thesis project is a sub-project in the development project whose content is mentioned as above. It contains two main parts. One is the system solution for the company. The other is RFID tag design which is in parallel with the company solution in order to reach a scientific level of a master thesis. In this thesis, I systematically analyze the operating mechanism and characteristics of RFID, and propose both active and passive RFID solutions for the company. And I also suggest an alternative radio technology ZigBee which can be used instead or as a complement to RFID. Meanwhile, I propose two designs of RFID tag according to the specification of the solar panel. One is modified meandering antenna. This kind of antenna is very effective and popular in RFID tag design in order to minimize the size of antenna. The other is inductively coupled loop antenna. It is a very useful method for conjugate matching in RFID tag antenna. The required input resistance and reactance can be achieved separately by choosing appropriate geometry parameters. It makes the antenna easier to match to the tag chips. Both the RFID antenna designs are simulated on Ansoft HFSS 12.

<p>This thesis is analysis-based survey in which our task was to find out the suitability of </p><p>IEEE 802.15.4 for the RFID systems in terms of power. We studied the different RFID </p><p>systems. We analyzed the IEEE 802.15.4 to see how much this protocol can facilitate the </p><p>RFID application, but we just considered the 2.4 GHz physical band as Free2move uses </p><p>this band for its RFID products. Since semi-passive1 RFIDs are the closest competitors </p><p>of the active RFID, so we also compared the IEEE 802.15.4 with ISO 18000-4 (mode2) </p><p>to find out their pros and cons. </p><p>We also tried to evaluate the hardware architecture proposed by Free2move. We </p><p>compared proposed hardware components with other competitors available in the market. </p><p>The main point of focus during hardware evaluation remained its power efficiency. As </p><p>concluding part we have proposed an idea for using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in semi- </p><p>passive RFIDs.</p>

This thesis is analysis-based survey in which our task was to find out the suitability of IEEE 802.15.4 for the RFID systems in terms of power. We studied the different RFID systems. We analyzed the IEEE 802.15.4 to see how much this protocol can facilitate the RFID application, but we just considered the 2.4 GHz physical band as Free2move uses this band for its RFID products. Since semi-passive1 RFIDs are the closest competitors of the active RFID, so we also compared the IEEE 802.15.4 with ISO 18000-4 (mode2) to find out their pros and cons. We also tried to evaluate the hardware architecture proposed by Free2move. We compared proposed hardware components with other competitors available in the market. The main point of focus during hardware evaluation remained its power efficiency. As concluding part we have proposed an idea for using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in semi- passive RFIDs.

Localization and tracking objects or people in real time in indoor environments have gained great importance. In the literature and market, many different location estimation and tracking solutions using received signal strength indication (RSSI) are proposed. But there is a lack of information on the comparison of these techniques revealing their weak and strong behaviors over each other. There is a need for the answer to the question / &ldquo / which localization/tracking method is more suitable to my system needs?&rdquo / . So, one purpose of this thesis is to seek the answer to this question. Hence, we investigated the behaviors of commonly proposed localization methods, mainly nearest neighbors based methods, grid based Bayesian filtering and particle filtering methods by both simulation and experimental work on the same test bed. The other purpose of this thesis is to propose an improved method that is simple to install, cost effective and moderately accurate to use for real life applications. Our proposed method uses an improved type of sampling importance resampling (SIR) filter incorporating automatic calibration of propagation model parameters of logv distance path loss model and RSSI measurement noise by using reference tags. The proposed method also uses an RSSI smoothing algorithm exploiting the RSSI readings from the reference tags. We used an active RFID system composed of 3 readers, 1 target tag and 4 reference tags in a home environment of two rooms with a total area of 36 m&sup2 / . The proposed method yielded 1.25 m estimation RMS error for tracking a mobile target.