In western countries such as Australia, the U.S. and the U.K., the women’s prison population has increased exponentially over the past decade, far outstripping the rate of growth in male imprisonment. The majority of women in prison are the mothers of dependent children. Subsequently, increasing numbers of children are being separated from their mothers; many displaced from home and effectively left parentless. Despite a growing body of knowledge since the 1960s, and growing numbers of children affected, little is known about these children, particularly older children and adolescents. This study examines the impact of maternal imprisonment on 20 young people, aged between 10 and 18 years, whose mothers were incarcerated in the two women’s prisons in Victoria (Australia). Data was gathered directly from young people themselves, as well as from their mothers and a small cohort of professionals, after the mother’s release from prison. To answer the research question, the study sought retrospective and predominantly qualitative data on children’s lives before, during and after their mother’s imprisonment. The data was analysed in a variety of ways, initially through the development of case studies and then across cases using thematic content analysis, drawing on themes emerging from the data and a priori categories gleaned from earlier research. The study shows that maternal incarceration has a significant impact on the lives of adolescents, and that it is uncommon for children to have secure care arrangements in place at the time of their mother’s imprisonment. For children to be displaced from home is also common, although most maintain some contact with their mother over the course of her imprisonment. While the majority of children return home to live with their mother, this is largely influenced by the child’s pre-prison placement and their visiting patterns during the imprisonment. Interestingly, although many young people are not satisfied with their care arrangements, particularly those who are cared for by their fathers, and cope with difficulties by internalising them, most do not report persistent adverse effects. The study provides new and challenging ideas. It describes the important role played by care planning in children’s reaction to maternal incarceration; this has not previously been examined. The findings also illustrate the poor coping mechanisms employed by children and discuss the range of social factors which affect this coping. Finally, factors influential in actual family reunifications are described and examined; very few studies, and none in Australia, have previously sought this data. The study provides a description of family reunification pathways, and highlights the importance of pre-prison placement and children’s visiting. The study findings stress that the impact of a mother’s imprisonment begins before sentencing and continues beyond her release. Yet research to date has focused predominantly on the period of a mother’s imprisonment. Overall, the study finds that limited formal or informal attention is given by adults involved to children’s needs. They are little seen or acknowledged at any point during their mother’s contact with the adult criminal justice process. From her arrest, through sentencing, imprisonment and planning for release, they are not considered to be participants in the proceedings.

An investigation into adolescents perceptions of concepts of randomness, with a questionnaire trialled on 75 adolescent boys between Year 7 and Year 11 in Catholic schools in Melbourne, Australia.

Social aggression has been widely studied; however, findings have been inconsistent leading to confusion within the current literature. Previous research has linked social aggression to negative outcomes; including poor peer relations, internalizing symptoms, and low levels of empathy; as well as positive attributes, including prosocial behaviors, high social status, and social intelligence. This meta-analysis examined the relationship between social aggression and various correlates, both positive and negative, as well as how age and gender moderate these relationships. With 896 correlations derived from 108 studies (of a total of 107 published articles), the results using the random-effects model for computing overall effect sizes indicated that social aggression is related with maladaptive correlates, such as externalization (r= 0.46), internalization (r = 0.16), negative individual traits (r = 0.32), as well as negative peer relations (r = 0.28). However, findings also suggest that social aggression is associated with popularity (r = 0.22) and social skillfulness (r = 0.16). Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera frukostvanor, övervikt och fysisk aktivitet hos 15-åriga pojkar och flickor. Studien är en kvantitativ komparativ tvärsnittsstudie och är en delstudie ur det tidigare utförda projektet ”Mat & Hälsa 2007” där frågor om mat, hälsa, måltidsvanor, fysisk aktivitet och självvärdering undersöktes. I denna delstudie användes ett demografiskt frågeformulär som mäter ungdomars frukostvanor, fysisk aktivitet samt vikt och längd. Framkomna resultat visar att majoriteten av studiedeltagarna har regelbundna frukostvanor samt intar frukost utan sällskap av familjemedlem eller annan person. Vidare framkommer att pojkar tenderar att vara mer fysiskt aktiva än flickor trots att andelen överviktiga pojkar var något högre än andelen överviktiga flickor. Regelbundna eller oregelbundna frukostvanor tycks i denna studie inte ha något samband med ett högt BMI. Förmedlandet av goda kost- och motionsvanor ligger till stor del på föräldrarnas ansvar men även skolan och skolsköterskan har en betydande roll. Att i skolan erbjuda och servera frukost skulle kunna bidra till mer regelbundna frukostvanor hos barn och ungdomar.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative differences in children and adolescents¡¦ death concept development, and to analyze the relationships of children and adolescents¡¦ death concept development with background variables (such as gender, age, religious belief, heath status, etc.) The subjects were drawn from the primary school children and junior high school adolescents of the Affiliated Senior High School of National Kaohsiung Normal University. Data were drawing, questionnaire, and interview. 239 students (age 8-16) were asked to draw a picture when they heard the word death, 204 students (age 10-16) were administered by Fill-in-Sentence Questionnaire of Death, and 24 students (age 8-16) were interviewed individually. The total subject number was 239. The drawings were analyzed following Marton¡¦s (1988) phenomenographic method and assigned to the modified classification scheme of death concept system developed by Tamm & Granqvist (1995), consisting 3 superordinate and 12 subordinate qualitative categories. With respect to Fill-in sentence questionnaire and interview data, they were analyzed according to content analysis method, with Fill-in sentence questionnaire using the categorization proposed by Neimeyer(1983) and Holcomb & Neimeyer (1993) as a template. Data analysis included qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis selectively portrayed drawing representative of each superordinate/subordinate death concept and presented result from the interview with children. Quantitative analysis included descriptive statistics ,£q2 test and post comparison of£q2 test. Analytically, the following were the results obtained from this study: 1.The internal causes and external causes of death were found with about equal frequency in both children and adolescents, with children above 2nd grade and adolescents all understanding the universality of death. 2.Children and adolescents expressing that dead bodies were not existential had approximately equal frequency (above 55%), but the majority of young children believed the existence of soul. 3.The majority of children and adolescents who actually faced real death usually expresses sadness and loss; it was natural response that death related things companied with negative emotion. 4.The majority of the 2nd to 6th children believed existence of world after death. However, many adolescents demonstrated more imagination about the world after death, although they didn¡¦t believe in the existence after death. 5. Many adolescents reported thoughts about nature of death and evaluation of death. Alternatively, children didn¡¦t report thoughts about nature of death, but they reported much negative evaluation of death. 6.There were significant differences in the death concept development with different grades and families communicating death. However, there were less significant differences in the death concept development with gender, religion, and death experience. 7.Only half children and adolescents reported that their parents ever talked about death with them, but parents were the targets that children wanted to talk to about death, while young adolescents has tendency to resort to their peers. 8.Children and adolescents reported the deepest impression of death concept was when family members died, while impressions of death from the mass communication media regarding violent death came in second. According to the results of this study, recommendations regarding death education for parents, teachers, and institutions are laid out, and some suggestions for future research are also provided.

Proefschrift--Katholieke universiteit Nijmegen, 1995. / Résumé en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 175-185.

Diss.--Universität Bremen, 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 181-190.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Littérature française--Paris 4, 2000. Titre de soutenance : La découverte de l'érotisme par les adolescents dans la littérature médiévale française. / Bibliogr. p. 313-326. Index.

Thèse d'exercice : Médecine. Psychiatrie : Université de Nantes : 2004. / Bibliogr. f. 182-190 [107 réf.].

Thèse d'exercice : Médecine. Psychiatrie : Université de Nantes : 2005. / Bibliogr. [6] f. [48 réf.].