It has been confirmed that vented gases from swine manure compositing operations contain biodegradable ammonia and amines as main odorous compounds. The thesis focuses on the odor-removal performance from the gases by sparging them into an activated sludge aeration liquor in which the odorous compounds can be absorbed and biodegraded. An acrylic column (0.20 m i.d.¡Ñ1.2 mH) was used as the activated sludge aeration tank and a wooden case (1.0 mL¡Ñ0.6 mW¡Ñ0.6 mH) as a swine manure compositing tank. Seed sludge for the odor removal experiments was obtained from a swinery wastewater plant located at southern Taiwan. Both swine manure from the swinery and a pre-fermented composite sample obtained from a compositing plant located at East-southern Ping-Dong County were used for the odorous gas generation. Experiments were conducted at mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentrations of 2,250-2,750 mg/L, liquid pH of 6.4-6.6, and aeration intensities of 0.1-0.5 m3/m3.min. Results show that the experimental removal efficiencies for both ammonia and amines with, respectively, 18-50 and 180-250 ppm in the influent gas were greater than 80% with aerated activated sludge liquid depths of greater than 0.60 m within the tested aeration intensities. Keeping the activated sludge at around 25oC favored the biodegradation of the absorbed ammonia and amines and resulted in the removal of the compounds to around 85-95%. Temperatures of lower than 15oC shifted the removal to as low as 50-60% because of the limitations in both the biological growth and activity. Results from the study confirm that the activated sludge bioscrubbing approach should be applicable to odor control for the compositing plants.

Yes / In a novel development on previous computational fluid dynamics studies, the work reported here used an Eulerian two-fluid model with the shear stress transport k–ω turbulence closure model and bubble interaction models to simulate aeration tank performance at full scale and to identify process performance issues resulting from design parameters and operating conditions. The current operating scenario was found to produce a fully developed spiral flow. Reduction of the airflow rates to the average and minimum design values led to a deterioration of the mixing conditions and formation of extended unaerated fluid regions. The influence of bubble-induced mixing on the reactor performance was further assessed via simulations of the residence time distribution of the fluid. Internal flow recirculation ensured long contact times between the phases; however, hindered axial mixing and the presence of dead zones were also identified. Finally, two optimization schemes based on modified design and operating scenarios were evaluated. The adjustment of the airflow distribution between the control zones led to improved mixing and a 20% improvement to the mass transfer coefficient. Upgrading the diffuser grid was found to be an expensive and ineffective solution, leading to worsening of the mixing conditions and yielding the lowest mass transfer coefficient compared with the other optimization schemes studied. / College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK

O tratamento de efluentes através de processos de lodos ativados destaca-se dentre os diversos métodos de tratamento de águas residuárias devido a uma série de fatores, tais como a área reduzida e alta eficiência na remoção de poluentes. O tratamento por lodos ativados é composto por um tanque de aeração e um decantador secundário. No tanque são fornecidas condições adequadas, como a injeção de oxigênio por difusores de ar, que aumentam a velocidade da degradação da matéria orgânica, tornando assim o processo mais eficiente. Apesar da eficácia do método, o uso deste tipo de tanque demanda grande consumo de energia, tornando necessária a criação de medidas de supervisão e controle das principais variáveis de processo de modo que torne o tratamento eficiente. O presente trabalho visou contribuir com experimentação de controle de pH e oxigênio dissolvido em um tanque de aeração. O sistema de controle foi implementado com controle preditivo (QDMC) aplicado sobre um processo de aeração e correção de pH no tanque aerado, a fim de garantir um nível adequado de oxigênio dissolvido e pH necessários à remoção de poluentes de forma automática. A principal conclusão alcançada é que o controle QDMC no processo em questão se revelou estável e robusto. / The wastewater treatment using activated sludge processes stands out among the various methods of wastewater treatment due to a number of factors, such as reduced area and high efficiency in removing pollutants. The activated sludge treatment comprises one aeration tank and a secondary sedimentation tank. Suitable conditions are provided in the tank, such as the injection of oxygen for air diffusers which increase the rate of degradation of organic material, making the process more efficient. Despite the efficacy of the method, using this type of tank demand large power consumption, making it necessary to provide measures for supervision and control of the key process variables so that the processing becomes efficient. This study aims to contribute to experimentation control pH and dissolved oxygen in an aeration tank. The control system was implemented with predictive control (QDMC) applied to a process of aeration and pH correction tank aerated, to ensure an adequate level of dissolved oxygen and pH required to remove pollutants automatically. The main conclusion reached is that the control QDMC the proceedings proved stable and robust.

O tratamento de efluentes através de processos de lodos ativados destaca-se dentre os diversos métodos de tratamento de águas residuárias devido a uma série de fatores, tais como a área reduzida e alta eficiência na remoção de poluentes. O tratamento por lodos ativados é composto por um tanque de aeração e um decantador secundário. No tanque são fornecidas condições adequadas, como a injeção de oxigênio por difusores de ar, que aumentam a velocidade da degradação da matéria orgânica, tornando assim o processo mais eficiente. Apesar da eficácia do método, o uso deste tipo de tanque demanda grande consumo de energia, tornando necessária a criação de medidas de supervisão e controle das principais variáveis de processo de modo que torne o tratamento eficiente. O presente trabalho visou contribuir com experimentação de controle de pH e oxigênio dissolvido em um tanque de aeração. O sistema de controle foi implementado com controle preditivo (QDMC) aplicado sobre um processo de aeração e correção de pH no tanque aerado, a fim de garantir um nível adequado de oxigênio dissolvido e pH necessários à remoção de poluentes de forma automática. A principal conclusão alcançada é que o controle QDMC no processo em questão se revelou estável e robusto. / The wastewater treatment using activated sludge processes stands out among the various methods of wastewater treatment due to a number of factors, such as reduced area and high efficiency in removing pollutants. The activated sludge treatment comprises one aeration tank and a secondary sedimentation tank. Suitable conditions are provided in the tank, such as the injection of oxygen for air diffusers which increase the rate of degradation of organic material, making the process more efficient. Despite the efficacy of the method, using this type of tank demand large power consumption, making it necessary to provide measures for supervision and control of the key process variables so that the processing becomes efficient. This study aims to contribute to experimentation control pH and dissolved oxygen in an aeration tank. The control system was implemented with predictive control (QDMC) applied to a process of aeration and pH correction tank aerated, to ensure an adequate level of dissolved oxygen and pH required to remove pollutants automatically. The main conclusion reached is that the control QDMC the proceedings proved stable and robust.

No description available.

The dispersion model was used to study mixing levels in a full scale aeration tank. The effect of air flow rate, water flow rate and diffuser type was investigated. The peak time technique proved satisfactory in predicting the theoretical tracer response curve generated using the dispersion model. The dispersion model adequately described the longitudinal mixing that occurred in a full scale aeration tank equipped with fine and coarse bubble air diffusers. Response curves from two tanks-in-series were also obtained. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)