<p> The pulse response of a full scale aeration tank is mathematically modelled with an arbitrary network of idealized perfectly mixed and plug flow component vessels. The model is fitted in the frequency domain, then inverse transformed to the time domain. The soluble carbon concentration curve of batch biokinetic run is modelled by a modified logistics equation and a piecewise linear expression. The mixing and kinetic models are combined to predict the degree of conversion assuming the degree of segregation, J, to be one. The pulse responses of a lab scale tank for varying water flow rates are also modelled by the same methods. An attempt is made to correlate the mathematical model parameters to the water flow rate. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

A presente dissertaÃÃo apresenta como objetivo principal a instalaÃÃo e avaliaÃÃo de desempenho tÃcnico-financeiro de um sistema hÃbrido eÃlico-fotovoltaico aplicado ao bombeamento de Ãgua. Adicionalmente, à proposta uma metodologia de dimensionamento de sistema hÃbrido de geraÃÃo baseado em fontes renovÃveis em funÃÃo do menor custo e do potencial disponÃvel. O sistema de geraÃÃo hÃbrido foi instalado na jusante do aÃude do Campus do Pici da Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC), em Fortaleza/CE, Brasil. O sistema hÃbrido à composta por 01 aerogerador de 1 kW, 04 mÃdulos fotovoltaicos de 87 Wp, sistema de banco de baterias com 05 unidades de 150 Ah. O sistema de bombeamento à composto por um conjunto moto-bomba de 0,5 cv. A anÃlise tÃcnica foi efetuada mediante anÃlise dos dados (elÃtricos e nÃo elÃtricos) coletados atravÃs de sensores instalados a um sistema supervisÃrio. Os resultados indicam que a variaÃÃo do recurso eÃlico para o local à mais elevada, quando comparado ao recurso solar, e que a disponibilidade do potencial de ambos os recursos sÃo praticamente concomitantes ao longo do perÃodo diurno, caracterÃstica esta tambÃm observada no perÃodo analisado. O sistema de geraÃÃo com banco de baterias, operando tanto na configuraÃÃo hÃbrida ou individual, assegurou o fornecimento de eletricidade para o sistema de bombeamento no perÃodo de funcionamento da carga. A partir dos indicadores de eficiÃncia, verificou-se que as unidades de conversÃo apresentaram divergÃncia entre a geraÃÃo de eletricidade estimada e a mensurada, tendo a unidade eÃlica a qual apresentou maior divergÃncia. O custo da energia elÃtrica do sistema hÃbrido instalado (eÃlico-solar) com banco de baterias à de 0,86 R$/kWh. O dimensionamento do sistema de geraÃÃo indicou que a configuraÃÃo hÃbrida para o local nÃo se ajusta em virtude do elevado potencial solar disponÃvel e da baixa disponibilidade do recurso eÃlico no 1 trimestre do ano. O dimensionamento indicou que a configuraÃÃo hÃbrida foi a de menor custo (1,52 R$/kWh) quando dimensionada em funÃÃo dos recursos do mÃs de Outubro. Indicando assim que quando mais de uma fonte renovÃvel se destaca a configuraÃÃo hÃbrida pode ser sim uma alternativa viÃvel. / This work has as main objective the installation and technical - financial evaluation of a hybrid wind - photovoltaic system applied to water pumping . In addition, a sizing methodology is proposed based on renewable sources considering low cost and available potential. The hybrid system was installed in front of the Pici Campus reservoir of the Federal Univers ity of Cearà (UFC) in Fortaleza /CE, Brazil. The hybrid system consists of 01 wind turbine of 1 kW, 04 photovoltaic modules of 87 Wp, a battery bank with 05 units of 150 Ah. The pumping system con sists of a motor - pump 0, 5 cv . Technical analysis was performed by analyzing the data (electric and non - electric) collected by sensors to a supervisory system. The results indicate that the wind resource variation for the site is higher, when compared to the solar resource, and the availability of the potential of both resources are concomitant during the daytime period, a characteristic also observed in the anal yzed period. T he generation system with battery bank, operating in either the hybrid configuration or individual, assured the supply of electricity to the pumping system during operating time . From the indicators of efficiency, it was found that the conver sion units showed divergence between estimated and measured electricity generation, and wind unit which presented greater divergence. The electricity cost of the hybrid system (wind - solar) installed with battery bank is 0.86 R$/kWh. The sizing of the generating system indicated that the hybrid configuration at the site does not fit due to the high solar potential available and the low availability of wind resources in the 1 st trimester of the year . The sizing generation system indicated that th e hybrid configuration has the lowest cost (1.52 R$/kWh) when sizing with the resources of October month . Indicating thus , that when more than one renewable source stands out , the hybrid configuration can be viable alternative

This study is concerned with digital two-dimensional rivers for games. Specifically the aim is to create a river shape from the basis of a spline curve and make it look like a river with a water flow-rate. This is achieved by developing an artifact capable of river simulations in 2D, with the flow-rate calculated using the necessary hydraulics equations. The scientific process described in Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research is presented and followed. Artifact simulations are demonstrated and evaluated, especially calculations for river mean velocity and discharge are shown to be possible by assuming that the river channel is of trapezoidal shape. Simulations show a type of river not usually seen in games, a river with more accuracy than other game simulations. The artifact river simulations are however limited by a missing smoothness when going between different channel shapes. Also there could be a way of improving the texture used, or possibly use more then one texture in one simulation. The conclusion is that the methods used for river generation by this study could be part of a design tool that targets 2D games.

The dispersion model was used to study mixing levels in a full scale aeration tank. The effect of air flow rate, water flow rate and diffuser type was investigated. The peak time technique proved satisfactory in predicting the theoretical tracer response curve generated using the dispersion model. The dispersion model adequately described the longitudinal mixing that occurred in a full scale aeration tank equipped with fine and coarse bubble air diffusers. Response curves from two tanks-in-series were also obtained. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Trabalhos de cunho historiográfco que visam resgatar a produção científica e tecnológica de um país tem auxiliado a compreender e a classificar seu nível de desenvolvimento frente a estas questões. Com este trabalho, espera-se dar início no Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento (SHS) da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, a um levantamento historiográfico da produção tecnológica e científica de seus pós-graduandos e professores. Para tanto, resgata-se um trabalho realizado entre o final da década de 1960 e início da década de 1970, pela Cátedra de Mecânica dos Fluidos (precursora do SHS), que teve como objetivo prever a vazão de água do túnel 2 do Sistema Cantareira de abastecimento de água para a região metropolitana de São Paulo. Nesta galeria foi realizado um ensaio original com circulação de ar, para o qual foram desenvolvidos métodos e técnicas a fim de verificar a vazão e auxiliar no seu dimensionamento, para garantir uma adução de 33 \'M POT.3\'/s. Mediante o levantamento, organização cronológica e análise dos documentos produzidos pelos autores do referido ensaio, resgatam-se as influências teóricas que nortearam as metodologias, as técnicas e tecnologias e analisam-se, de acordo com os registros documentais, a execução e resultados alcançados pelos ensaios. / Works that have as objective to review the scientific and technological production of a country have helped to understand and to measure its level of development regarding these questions. With this work, hopefully a historical survey of the technological and scientific production of its graduate students and teachers begins at the Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento (SHS) at the Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. In this way, a work that was carried out between the end of the 1960\'s and beginning of the 1970\'s, by the chair of fluid mechanics (precursor of the SHS), which had as objective to foresee the water flow rate at tunnel 2 of the Cantareira water project for the metropolitan area of São Paulo. An original test using air circulation was carried out in the tunnel. Methods and techniques were developed in order to verify the flow rate and check its size, to guarantee 33 \'M POT.3\'/s of flow. The documents produced by the authors of the test were surveyed, organized chronologically and analyzed, seeking to infer the theoretical influences that had guided the methodologies, to describe the techniques and technologies and to analyze, in accordance with the document registers, the execution and results reached from the tests.

Trabalhos de cunho historiográfco que visam resgatar a produção científica e tecnológica de um país tem auxiliado a compreender e a classificar seu nível de desenvolvimento frente a estas questões. Com este trabalho, espera-se dar início no Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento (SHS) da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, a um levantamento historiográfico da produção tecnológica e científica de seus pós-graduandos e professores. Para tanto, resgata-se um trabalho realizado entre o final da década de 1960 e início da década de 1970, pela Cátedra de Mecânica dos Fluidos (precursora do SHS), que teve como objetivo prever a vazão de água do túnel 2 do Sistema Cantareira de abastecimento de água para a região metropolitana de São Paulo. Nesta galeria foi realizado um ensaio original com circulação de ar, para o qual foram desenvolvidos métodos e técnicas a fim de verificar a vazão e auxiliar no seu dimensionamento, para garantir uma adução de 33 \'M POT.3\'/s. Mediante o levantamento, organização cronológica e análise dos documentos produzidos pelos autores do referido ensaio, resgatam-se as influências teóricas que nortearam as metodologias, as técnicas e tecnologias e analisam-se, de acordo com os registros documentais, a execução e resultados alcançados pelos ensaios. / Works that have as objective to review the scientific and technological production of a country have helped to understand and to measure its level of development regarding these questions. With this work, hopefully a historical survey of the technological and scientific production of its graduate students and teachers begins at the Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento (SHS) at the Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. In this way, a work that was carried out between the end of the 1960\'s and beginning of the 1970\'s, by the chair of fluid mechanics (precursor of the SHS), which had as objective to foresee the water flow rate at tunnel 2 of the Cantareira water project for the metropolitan area of São Paulo. An original test using air circulation was carried out in the tunnel. Methods and techniques were developed in order to verify the flow rate and check its size, to guarantee 33 \'M POT.3\'/s of flow. The documents produced by the authors of the test were surveyed, organized chronologically and analyzed, seeking to infer the theoretical influences that had guided the methodologies, to describe the techniques and technologies and to analyze, in accordance with the document registers, the execution and results reached from the tests.