The ill-posed problem of aerosol distribution determination from a small number of backscatter and extinction lidar measurements was solved successfully via a hybrid method by a variable dimension of projection with B-Splines. Numerical simulation results with noisy data at different measurement situations show that it is possible to derive a reconstruction of the aerosol distribution only with 4 measurements.

This publication gives a brief overview about the main findings of Foth et al. (2019). Within this work, lidar observations of the vertical aerosol distribution above Punta Arenas, Chile (53:S and 70:9W) which have been performed with the Raman lidar PollyXT from December 2009 to April 2010 are presented. Pristine marine aerosol conditions related to the prevailing westerly circulation dominated the measurements. Lofted aerosol layers could only be observed eight times during the whole measurement period. One case study is presented showing long-range transport of smoke from biomass burning in Australia and regionally transported dust from the Patagonian Desert. The aerosol sources are identified by trajectory analyses with HYSPLIT and FLEXPART. However, seven of the eight analysed cases with lofted layers show an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of less than 0.05. The ground-based lidar observations are supplemented by the AERONET Sun photometers and the space-borne lidar CALIOP on board of CALIPSO. The averaged AOT determined by CALIOP was 0:02 0:01 at Punta Arenas from 2009 to 2010. / Diese Publikation gibt einen kurzen Überblick über ein paar Ergebnisse aus Foth et al. (2019). In dieser Arbeit werden Lidarbeobachtungen der vertikalen aerosolverteilung über Punta Arenas, Chile (53:2S and 70:9W) präsentiert, welche mit dem Ramanlidar PollyXT zwischen Dezember 2009 und April 2010 durchgeführt wurden. Die Messungen sind durch reine marine Aerosolbedingungen in Verbindung mit vorherrschenden Westwinden gekennzeichnet. Abgehobene Aerosolschichten können nur acht mal während der gesamten Messperiode beobachtet werden. Einer der hier präsentierten Fälle zeigt weitreichenden Aerosoltransport von Rauch aus Biomasseverbrennung in Australien und regional transportierten Mineralstuab aus der patagonischen Wüste. Die Aerosolquellen wurden durch Trajektorienanalysen mit HYSPLIT und FLEXPART identifiziert. Allerdings zeigen sieben dieser acht Fälle mit abgehobenen Schichten ein optische Dicke des Aerosols (AOT) von weniger als 0,05. Die bodengebundenen Lidabeobachtungen werden durch AERONET Sonnenphotometer und das satellitengetragenge Lidar CALIOP an Bord von CALIPSO ergänzt. Die mittlere AOT, die mittels CALIOP zwischen 2009 und 2010 in Punta Arenas bestimmt wurde, beträgt 0:02 0:01.

(EN) The presented dissertation thesis summarizes the results contained in five original research papers that were published in prestigious international scientific journals in the field of analytical chemistry and atomic spectrometry. It is devoted to the method of generation of volatile compounds using a tetrahydroborate reaction and detection in a quartz multiatomizer by atomic absorption spectrometry. The thesis can be divided into two thematic parts - speciation analysis of arsenic based on hydride generation technique with collection and separation in a cryogenic trap and generation of volatile species of transition metals. In the first thematic part pre-reduction of pentavalent inorganic and methylated arsenicals has been studied. A simple setup for on-line pre-reduction employing thioglycolic acid as a fast pre-reductant has been developed, connected with a current hydride generator and applied/verified to oxidation state specific arsenic speciation analysis of human urine samples. In the same method the possibility of drying the gaseous phase from water vapor has been investigated to avoid incidental blocking the cryogenic trap by frozen water and to decrease fluctuations of signal baseline. Pronounced losses of methylated species have been discovered on Nafion tube dryer currently used in...