Title: The influence of age, gender and movement activity on the reaction abilities of lower limbs. Objectives: The main objective of this dissertation was to find the reaction abilities of pubescent's (aged 10 - 15years) lower limbs on the basis of age, gender and movement activity. The further aim was to determine the pubescence period (age) when the most noticeable decrease of the visual disjunctive motor response time of lower limbs occurs. Methods: 214 boys and girls aged 10-15 years (157.8 ± 10.8 cm; 47.2 ± 10.7 kg) participated in this research. Simple, choice and disjunctive reaction time of lower limbs was measured through the Fitro Agility Check test. The results processing, including statistical procedures, was carried out using the Matlab (MathWorks, Inc.) programming environment, an IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Three-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α=0.05) were used to determine the individual parameters connection. Results: With increasing age, year over year, we found important differences and reaction time decreases of all types of reaction speeds. Testing brings to light the fact that the most noticeable decrease of both selection and disjunctive reaction time of lower limbs are between groups of 11 year olds (11.00-11.99) and 12 year olds (12.00-12.99). The most noticeable decrease...

Title: The influence of age, gender and movement activity on the reaction abilities of lower limbs. Objectives: The main objective of this dissertation was to find the reaction abilities of pubescent's (aged 10 - 15years) lower limbs on the basis of age, gender and movement activity. The further aim was to determine the pubescence period (age) when the most noticeable decrease of the visual disjunctive motor response time of lower limbs occurs. Methods: 214 boys and girls aged 10-15 years (157.8 ± 10.8 cm; 47.2 ± 10.7 kg) participated in this research. Simple, choice and disjunctive reaction time of lower limbs was measured through the Fitro Agility Check test. The results processing, including statistical procedures, was carried out using the Matlab (MathWorks, Inc.) programming environment, an IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Three-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α=0.05) were used to determine the individual parameters connection. Results: With increasing age, year over year, we found important differences and reaction time decreases of all types of reaction speeds. Testing brings to light the fact that the most noticeable decrease of both selection and disjunctive reaction time of lower limbs are between groups of 11 year olds (11.00-11.99) and 12 year olds (12.00-12.99). The most noticeable decrease...

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Traditionnellement, les migrants internes chinois migrent seuls et laissent derrière eux leurs époux et enfants. Depuis vingt ans, ils sont toutefois plus nombreux à migrer avec les membres de leur famille. Peu d’études ont été consacrées à ce type de migrants. Selon la théorie de la migration de Mincer, les migrants familiaux ne choisissent pas un lieu de destination de la même façon que les migrants individuels. Ils ne sont pas attirés par les mêmes facteurs que les migrants individuels. En nous basant sur la littérature sur le sujet, qui met en relief le rôle des facteurs économiques dans la décision de migrer, nous nous posons alors la question de recherche suivante : les facteurs économiques ont-ils plus d’incidence sur le choix de destination pour les individus que les familles. En contrepartie, ces derniers seraient, plus que ceux qui migrent seuls, motivés par des facteurs environnementaux ou socio-sanitaires? Nos analyses sont effectuées avec les données de l’Enquête chinoise dynamique sur les migrants de 2014, qui contient des informations sur 200 937 migrants résidant dans 346 villes, et de l’Annuaire statistique des villes chinoises. Les analyses statistiques sont réalisées avec un modèle logit conditionnel, qui permet de déduire, sachant qu’une migration a eu lieu, l’attractivité des villes liée à leurs caractéristiques géographiques, économiques, sociales ou encore environnementales. Nos résultats suggèrent que les migrants familiaux sont en effet moins motivés que les migrants individuels par des facteurs économiques favorables dans les villes de destination, tels que des revenus moyens élevés, une quantité élevée de dépenses dans l’immobilier, une proportion élevée d’entreprises privées et de travailleurs autonomes, un taux de chômage bas et une proportion élevée d’emplois dans le secteur secondaire. Nos résultats indiquent aussi que les migrants familiaux sont motivés par certaines caractéristiques socio-sanitaires telles que la quantité de dépenses dans l’éducation, les sciences et la technologie et de lits d’hôpitaux. Nous remarquons que ces effets sont plus forts chez les migrants ayant eu des enfants avant de migrer et vivant avec ceux-ci au moment de l’enquête. Nous notons par ailleurs que certains de ces résultats sont affectés par un effet d’âge, qui peut être confondu avec le cycle de vie familiale, les migrants familiaux étant en général plus âgés que ceux ou celles qui migrent seuls. / Traditionally, Chinese internal migrants migrate alone and leave behind their spouse and children. Over the past twenty years, more migrants have migrated with members of their nuclear family (Fan et al., 2011, Fan et Li, 2019, Duan et al., 2008). Few studies have been devoted to this type of migrants. According to Mincer’s migration theory (1977), family migrants do not choose a place of destination in the same way as individual migrants. They also are not attracted by the same pull factors as individual migrants. The purpose of our research is to address the following question: Do the economic factors have a greater impact on the destination choice of families when compared to individuals, the former being more motivated by environmental, social and health factors? Our analyzes are performed with data from the 2014 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, which contains information on 200,937 migrants residing in 346 cities, and the Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Cities. The statistical analyses are performed with a conditional logit model. The results indicate that family migrants are less motivated than individual migrants by favourable economic factors such as high average incomes, high proportion of private businesses and self-employed workers, high amount of spending on real estate, high proportion of high employment in the secondary sector and low unemployment rate. Our results also allow us to conclude that family migrants are motivated by certain social and health characteristics such as the quantity of hospital beds and the amount of expenditure on education, science, and technology. We note that these effects are more important among migrants who had children before migrating and living with them at the time of the survey. However, we observe that some of these results are due to an age effect.

Utilizing the longitudinal component of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) (1994/1995-2000/2001), designed to collect comprehensive information on the health status of the Canadian population and related socio-demographic information, differences in health status between immigrants and non-immigrants (i.e., native-born individuals) were explored. Specifically, the analysis investigated how chronic conditions influence the health of immigrants, the role of stress and mental health upon immigrant health status, and the influence and role of previously underrepresented variables such as age and arrival cohorts on foreign-born health status. The conceptual approach of this project draws upon a 'population health' perspective, which suggests that the most influential determinants of human health status are non-medical in nature, but rather can be identified as the social and economic characteristics of individuals. Analysis was completed through the use of ordinary least squares stepwise regression and logistic stepwise regression in association with descriptive stochastic methodologies. Analysis of the mental health and stress variables suggests that, contrary to what has been expressed in literature in the past, both immigrants and the native-born do not perceive stress, distress, or depression to be major problems or health concerns in their lives. Furthermore, the analysis indicated, as was expected, that older immigrants are at greater risk of developing more chronic conditions relative to younger groups, and that arrival cohorts, the period in which an immigrant entered the nation, do exert a considerable influence on the health status of the foreign-born. Surprisingly, this analysis indicates that the Healthy Immigrant Effect (HIE), which proposes that recent immigrants, regardless of country of birth, tend to be in better health than the Canadian-born population upon entering the nation, may be more apparent than real, especially when investigating mental health and stress conditions amongst the foreign-born. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)