This thesis discusses the legal regulation of an agency contract according to the Act no. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, with the focus on the comparison of the changes between the legislative frame of the agency contract contained in the Act no. 513/1991 Coll., The Commercial Code, and the legislative frame of the agency contract contained in the Act no. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code. Although the main focus of the thesis lies in description and analysis of the changes, the thesis also examines the practical use of the agency contract, when discussing so called švarcsystém among other things. The aim of the thesis is to describe the changes made by Law no. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, which were explained by Explanatory Memorandum to the Act. No. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, and then highlight those changes that this explanatory memorandum did not mention. The thesis is divided into five chapters, whereas the first four chapters describe the changes and any problems that may arise. The final, fifth, chapter labeled as "Additional information relating to the agency contract", differs from the other chapters in that it does not describe the changes in the legal framework but is devoted to practical problems of the use of the agency contract, which according to the author of this work should also...

This thesis discusses the legal regulation of an agency contract according to the Act no. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, with the focus on the general description of the terms and institutes of agency contract. The work is divided into five chapters, the main objective of this paper is to describe the basic definition of an agency contract. The first chapter described and analyzed the basic characteristics of an agency contract, especially the agent himself, the long-term perception of the agency contract, the definition of the term certain types of transactions, and we have discussed a exclusive and non-exclusive agency contract. The second chapter is focused on the rights and obligations of the parties of the agency contract with a closer focus on the issue of commissions. In chapters 3, 4 and 5, we discussed termination of agency contract, anticompetitive clause and we also mentioned Švarcsystem. Some chapters are for clarity divided into subchapters and the names of the subchapters signify the topic that subchapter is dedicated to. The thesis also refers to the commentary literature and case law relating to legal framework contained in the Act no. 513/1991 Coll., The Commercial Code. In the end the conclusion is drawn about whether the stated objectives have been achieved. Title: Agency Contract...

1 Abstract Business agency contract This diploma thesis deals with the business agency contract which is governed in sections 652 - 672a of the Commercial Code, Act. No. 513/1991 Coll. as amended. Parties are referred as the principal and the commercial agent here. Pursuant to this contract type the commercial agent, as an independent entrepreneur, binds himself to a long-term negotiation of the sale or the purchase of goods on behalf of the principal, or as a direct representative he is authorized to negotiate and conclude such transactions on behalf of and in the name of principal - such a form of business representation requires a procuration. The provisions governing the business agency contract has been harmonized with Council Directive No. 86/653/EEC of 18 December 1986 on the coordination of the laws of the Member States relating to self-employed commercial agents by the Act No. 370/2000 Coll. This work deals with the legal analysis of the business agency contract legislation, its hallmarks, origin of commercial representation, commercial agent negotiation problems, rights and obligations of both parties, commission rules, origin of the right to the commission and its amount and maturity, difference between exclusive and nonexclusive commercial representation, the duration of the contractual...

This thesis deals with legal relations existing between real estate agencies and its clients. Main objective of thesis lies on analyzing of possible legal risks based on using agent services of real estate agencies. Such risks are not only described but thesis tries to find out its sources and practical impacts. Author works with large amount of particular examples of agreement which are actually used in practise.

O tema desenvolvido na presente pesquisa refere-se ao contrato de agência, no qual se identifica a inerência da situação de dependência econômica do agente, parte normalmente mais frágil em relação ao proponente. Esta situação de dependência econômica, apesar de não ser vedada a priori pelo ordenamento jurídico, pode dar ensejo ao seu abuso por parte do proponente, mediante a imposição de condições ao agente, às quais este deve anuir por não possuir alternativa viável. Dentre as possibilidades de abuso de dependência econômica pelo proponente, concentrou-se naquela manifestada na resilição unilateral abusiva do contrato, especialmente quando existem investimentos específicos, exigidos do agente, que ainda não foram amortizados ou recuperados pela duração do contrato. Tomando-se como premissa o fato de que tanto a Lei nº 4.886/1965 quanto o Código Civil de 2002 disciplinam especificamente a relação de agência, pode-se verificar que ambos os diplomas normativos possuem dispositivos legais que visam à proteção do agente, mitigando os efeitos da posição de supremacia do proponente no contrato e diminuindo a possibilidade de exercício abusivo da dependência econômica do agente. Esses mecanismos protetivos, no entanto, por estarem previstos em dois diplomas legais diversos, que não possuem qualquer referência expressa um ao outro, não se encontram adequadamente sistematizados, causando dúvidas sobre a sua correta interpretação e aplicação. Dessa forma, após a identificação e estudo de cada uma das ferramentas protetivas consagradas pela legislação específica, foi proposta uma sistematização que se entende a mais adequada para conferir proteção ao agente, conforme pretendido tanto pela Lei nº 4.886/1965 quanto pelo Código Civil, assim como segurança e certeza às partes, servindo como estímulo para as contratações de longo prazo e para a realização de investimentos, de modo a contribuir para a eficiente utilização do contrato de agência, que é importante ferramenta para a promoção do desenvolvimento econômico e social. / The theme developed in the present research refers to the agency agreement, in which exists a inherent economic dependence of the agent, usually the more fragile part in relation to the principal. This situation of economic dependence, although not prohibited by the legal system, can give rise to its abuse by the principal, by imposing conditions on the agent, which the agent must accept because he has no viable alternative. Among the possibilities of abuse of economic dependence by the principal, this research focused on the unilateral termination of the contract especially when there are specific investments made by the agent that have not yet been amortized or recovered during the contract. Taking as a premise that both the Lei nº 4.886/1965 and the Civil Code of 2002 specifically regulate the agency agreement, it can be verified that both normative documents have legal provisions that aim at the protection of the agent, mitigating the effects of the principal supremacy position in the contract and reducing the possibility of abusive exercise of the agent\'s economic dependence. These protective mechanisms, however, because they are in two different legal texts, which do not have any express reference to each other, are not adequately systematized, causing doubts about their correct interpretation and application. Thus, after the identification and study of each of the protection tools provided by the specific legislation, a systematization was proposed that is considered the most appropriate to grant protection to the agent, as intended by the Lei nº 4.886/1965 and by the Civil Code, and to provide security and certainty to the parties, serving as a stimulus for long-term contracting and for the realization of investments, in order to contribute to the efficient use of the agency contract, which is an important tool for the promotion of economic and social development.

Commercial Agency Contract The subject of this thesis is the commercial agency contract, as regulated by Sections 2483 to 2520 of Act No 89/2012, the Civil Code, as amended, giving businesses the opportunity not only to net new customers, but also to raise general awareness of their merchandise or services. Under a commercial agency contract, a commercial agent - as an independent business entity - undertakes to engage long term in activities for the other party (the principal) aimed at the sealing of a certain type of deal by the principal or at negotiating deals in the name and on behalf of the principal. Under a commercial agency contract, the principal, for its part, agrees to pay the commercial agent commission for the activities carried out. Against this background, a commercial agency contract gives a business the opportunity to make use of a third party who, unlike an employee, is autonomous yet works with the business and acts in its interests. This thesis intends to deliver a lucid analysis and description of a commercial agency contract from the perspective of current legislation set out in the Civil Code, the enactment of which endowed the concept of commercial agency (compared to the previous provisions on commercial agency set out in Sections 652 to 672a of Act No 513/1991, the...

The thesis maps the decision-making practice of courts in real estate cases and related areas. Judicial decisions are organized in logical parts and there was an effort to provide an overall and comprehensive overview of the opinions held by courts on the individual legal questions arising in real estate cases and thus define the most frequent causes of the disputes and their subject-matters. Explicated in the light of the decisions rendered by the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic and the Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic, or even the findings of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, are judiciary’s attitudes to the basic principles of real estate agency and real estate activity in general, as well as to relating legal questions, with special regard to the contracts usually entered into in real estate practice, primarily agency contracts and mediated contracts. So far, case-law of this kind has not been comprehensively studied, despite the fact that there still are uncertainties regarding both the real estate legislation and the approach to resolution of real estate cases, as well as ensuing typical contractual obligational relations between parties on the real estate market. This is also the reason why this particular topic was chosen for the thesis. Based on the coverage and a thorough analysis of the judicial decisions at issue a conclusion is made that decision-making practice has already stabilized in some real estate areas and these decisions are used as basis in future cases. Nevertheless, there still are some legal questions which have not yet been tackled by courts or conflicting judicial decisions, which may even be rendered in the most essential and fundamental issues of real estate activity. This is partly due to the fact that the real estate market is still a relatively young business field and partly due to missing or inadequate legislation which is to provide for real estate activity, including real estate agency.